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EROSION NOTES!!

The ______________ of ______________ materials…(Weathering
occurs IN PLACE – Erosion is MOVEMENT)

Major Erosive Agents:
 _______________
 _______________
 _______________
 ______________________________
 __________________ (GRAVITY!)
EROSION BY GRAVITY!!! Also known as MASS
MOVEMENT
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
The two forces involved in all mass movements are
_______________ (pulling the material down) and
_______________ (keeping the material in place).
Typically ______________ amounts of ______________ lessen
the force of ____________________ and lead to a landslide.
 ________________________ moves more sediment than any
other agent of erosion.
What happens to rainfall when it hits earth????



________________________
Some is absorbed and becomes _________________
Some is ______________
 What determines if rainwater becomes runoff or
groundwater?
Ground Conditions:
 _______________ vs. ______________
 Vegetation – _____________________
 Slope or _______________ of the Land
 Running Water – Most of North America is ____________ sea
level. Water flows from ________ to ________ sea level due
to gravity
 When Runoff becomes confined to a _____________ –
Stream Exists
 Watersheds or _______________

Smaller stream that flows into a larger stream or river is
called a _______________

Smaller streams that flow FROM a river are called
___________________

Tributaries and land that contribute to the stream is
called a drainage basin or _____________
(COMPARED TO A BATHTUB. WATER THAT COLLECTS IN
A BATHTUB FLOWS TOWARD THE DRAIN.)

The drainage basin of one stream is _____________ by a
drainage divide (ridges or ______________ – higher
elevations)
3 factors affecting
Stream Velocity
 ______________ – slope of the stream
 ______________ – volume of water
 _______________________
 Stream Velocity in a Straight Channel
___________ – middle just below surface

The __________changes in the S-shaped curves called
_____________
___________ on the _________ of the curve – you get erosion
___________on the _____________ of the curve – you get
deposition
STREAMS CARRY MATERIAL IN …
 ___________:
dissolved material (includes salts)
 _______________:
particles carried in the flow of the water
(Clay, silt, sand)
 ______________:
particles carried by rolling, bouncing, or
dragging along the stream bed (Pebbles, cobbles,
boulders)
THE GREATER THE VELOCITY OF A STREAM…


THE _____________ THE SEDIMENT PARTICLES IT CAN
CARRY
THE ___________ TOTAL SEDIMENTS IT CAN CARRY
Stream Development Characteristics– Early Stage
 The _____________ is continuously being ___________ by
stream erosion. ______________ can be cut by rivers to
form ______________. ___________________
can be carved in mountains as rivers flow through them.
(EXAMPLE: ________________)
 As the stream begins to down cut into the land –
_______________________________________
Stream Development Characteristics – Young Stage



_____-Shaped Valley
___________ and ___________
No __________ Plain – a level plain that borders stream
 RAPIDS AND WATERFALLS – these occur in Young
streams!!
 ___________ -
Different resistance among rocks cause
_____________ WATER
 _____________ – Rapids develop into waterfalls as softer
rock erodes
Stream Development - Mature Stage
 Lateral erosion widens the valley profile – _____________
decreases
 River meanders _______________ (easily visible)
 A FLOOD PLAIN develops
 As the stream grows larger – it begins to __________ its
course in a series of bends or curves called
_______________ seeking out the
_________________________________
 Point Bars show ______________
Cut Banks show _______________
Stream Development Characteristics- Old Age
 Very Wide ________________
 Land worn down to ______________
 __________________
 Stream Development Characteristics– Old Age
 Eventually, it takes too much energy to keep
meandering, so rivers will ___________ a bend, resulting in
an __________ lake…
SEDIMENTS ERODED BY RUNNING WATER WILL HAVE
THESE CHARACTERISTICS :
 ___________ and ______________
 ___________ AND ______________
SEDIMENTS ERODED BY RUNNING WATER WILL BE …

_____________ – all materials are about the same size
Erosion by Waves and
Long shore Current
 Where _________ or ocean waters meet __________,
_____________ and _______________ act as agents of
_____________, creating unique landscape features
Longshore Current
 Waves are _____________ or bent in the ___________ water of
the shore
 Water near the shore is pushed in one direction along the
shore – called _______________ current
_____________ are carried in a zig-zag pattern in the __________
direction as the longshore current
Barrier Islands
 Wave Action creates __________
 Waves and Longshore current - can form _________ islands
Ex. Fire Island (Long Island)
Wind Erosion
 __________ – sand or smaller
 _________ regions or ________ coastlines
 2 types:
1. _____________ – lowers the land
2. _____________ and Abrasion
 Wind can only lift sand to about ____ meter high - results
in “Mushroom Rock”
 Frosted or Pitted sediments – rocks with ___________