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Unit 5: Rocks and Minerals Ch. 2 (not bond types), Ch. 3, 12.1, 12.3, pg. 344-346
Essential Questions:
1. What is the definition of a mineral? What is a rock?
2. What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?
3. What are some basic mineral and rock identification techniques?
4. What are the three basic rock types? How do these rock types form?
5. How is rock matter cycled through the Earth system?
6. What can rocks tell us about the history of the Earth?
7. Explain the difference between relative versus absolute dating of rocks.
Unit Goals:
1. Understand the difference between a rock and a mineral, and how they relate to
one another.
2. Explain how common minerals differ both in their composition and structure.
3. Identify common minerals and rocks based on their key characteristics.
4. Describe and label the pathways that earth materials take through the rock cycle
and describe the three major rock types.
5. Describe how the three major rock types: how are they classified? What factors
influence their formation?
6. Explain the difference between relative and absolute dating and in what situation
each technique is used.
7. Explain the use of index fossils to get a range of dates (of sedimentary rock
formations/strata) using relative dating principles.
8. Use dating principles and information such as rock types, fossils, unconformities,
faults and intrusions, absolute dates, etc. to unravel a geologic story or correlate
rocks.
9. Explain what radioactive decay is and how it is used to determine the age of
rocks.
Key Terms:
1. Isotope
2. Compound
3. Chemical bond*
4. Ionic bond*
5. Covalent bond*
6. Metallic bond*
7. Mineral
8. Silicates (and
other major
mineral group
names)
9. Streak
10. Luster
11. Crystal form
12. Hardness
13. Mohs scale
14. Cleavage
15. Fracture
16. Density
17. Rock
18. Igneous rock
19. Sedimentary
rock
20. Metamorphic
rock
21. Rock cycle
22. Magma
23. Sediment
24. Weathering
25. Erosion
26. Deposition
27. Compaction
28. Cementation
29. Metamorphism
30. Contact
metamorphism
31. Regional
metamorphism
32. Foliated
33. Nonfoliated
34. Stratigraphy
35. Law of faunal
succession
36. Principle of
stratigraphic
superposition
37. Law of original
horizontality
38. Absolute dating
39. Relative dating
40. Radioactive
decay