Download A.P. World Midterm 2012 Write the BEST answer to the question in

A.P. World Midterm 2012
Write the BEST answer to the question in the appropriate way.
1. The rainy and dry seasons in the Indian Ocean reflect the influence of (354)
A) the monsoons.
B) the jet stream.
C) the Gulf Stream.
D) “El Niño”.
E)
the Himalayas.
2. The most abundant metal worked in the tropics was(358)
A) bronze.
B) titanium.
C) iron.
D) silver.
E)
platinum.
3. In addition to fulfilling his personal religious obligations, Mansa Kankan Musa's pilgrimage resulted in the(359)
A) disappearance of Buddhist practice in Mali.
B) decrease in Malian taxes.
C) contraction of the Malian economy.
D) construction of new mosques and Quranic schools in Mali.
E)
conversion of all Malians to Islam.
4. The spread of Islam to lands south of the Sahara came about through(359)
A) war.
B) forced conversion.
C) a gradual and peaceful process of conversion.
D) the missionary efforts of the Arabs during the Umayyad Caliphate.
E)
the travels of Ibn Battuta.
5. Mansa Kankan Musa made a famous pilgrimage that(359)
A) spread Christianity to West Africa.
B) demonstrated the enormous wealth of his country.
C) led to the Christian Crusades.
D) was inspired by the death of Muhammad.
E)
brought about his untimely death.
6. The characteristic ship of the Arabian Sea was the (368)
A) galley.
B) junk.
C) skow.
D) caravel.
E)
dhow.
7. The largest, most technologically advanced ship in the Indian Ocean was the Chinese(367)
A) galley.
B) junk.
C) skow.
D) dhow.
E)
caravel.
8. The different regional networks of the Indian Ocean trade were tied together by(367)
A) commercial interests.
B) political authority.
C) religious authority.
D) a common language.
E)
the threat of Chinese intrusion.
9. Which of the following was not one of the active roles or special skills that women of the tropical regions played
or contributed to their communities? (375)
A) Important culinary skills
B) Child rearing and heavy farmwork
C) Spinning and weaving
D) Making clothing and clay pots
E)
Ruling many countries
10. Turkish invaders were able to successfully invade India because of(364)
A) the threats of Mongol Il-khans.
B) a desire to spread the Islamic faith and to acquire plunder.
C) the prospect of learning Indian technology and mathematics.
D) the division of India into small states.
E)
all of these.
11. In return for the use of their lord's land, serfs (382)
A) paid money for rent.
B) had to give the lord a share of the harvest and performed services.
C) served half the year as knights.
D) were required to send their children to the religious schools.
E)
worked as bureaucrats for the monarch.
12. The three-field system was (384)
A) the traditional three-part contest performed by knights.
B) the legal system.
C) the political relationship between king, lord, and serf.
D) the technology used in medieval optics.
E)
an agricultural method.
13. By the time it subsided, the Black Death had killed (385)
A) one out of three western Europeans.
B) one out of five western Europeans.
C) one out of ten western Europeans.
D) one out of twenty western Europeans.
E)
a negligible number of western Europeans.
14. Which of the following is true of merchant banking in the fifteenth century? (392)
A) Jews were prohibited from moneylending for religious reasons.
B) Florence lagged behind the rest of the Latin West.
C) Checking accounts, shareholding companies, moneychanging, loans, and investments were offered as
services.
D) Services were only offered to the clergy.
E)
No money could be lent for the purpose of warfare in accordance with the Banker Agreement of 1499.
15. What “architectural wonder” first made its appearance in France on or about the year 1140 C.E.?(393)
A) Guild halls
B) Opera houses
C) Gothic cathedrals
D) Chateaux
E)
Romanesque churches
16. The Renaissance began in (395)
A) eastern France.
B) southern England.
C) southern Russia.
D) Austria.
E)
northern Italy.
17. Before they were expelled in 1492, the largest population of Jews in the West was found in (390)
A) France.
B) Belgium.
C) Holland.
D) Spain.
E)
England.
18. Scholasticism was
A) the study of legal doctrines as the central principle of all knowledge. (396)
B) the attempt by thirteenth-century theologians to synthesize Aristotelian philosophy and religious faith.
C) the rejection by theologians and scholars of earthly knowledge in favor of spiritual belief.
D) the violent “anti-university” movement of the thirteenth century.
E)
the theory that a free education is the right of all children.
19. The greatest influence of the humanists was in (397)
A) the reform of secondary education.
B) creating the Knights Templar.
C) medicine.
D) the standardization of weights and measures.
E)
their call to a return to the traditions and learning of the early Middle Ages.
20. What changes transformed later medieval military technology, making knights in armor obsolescent? (400)
A) The catapult
B) Firearms and crossbows with metal-tipped arrows
C) The organization of knights into armies and primitive biological warfare
D) Universal male conscription and the invention of the mace
E)
Military advancement based on merit
21. The Great Western Schism originated over (400)
A) whether the seat of Catholicism should be in Rome or Constantinople.
B) whether or not women could be priests.
C) the nationality of the pope.
D) whether or not priests could be married.
E)
the formation of different types of monasteries (Franciscan, Dominican, Cappucin, etc).
22. Which of the following fostered artistic growth in the Renaissance?(447)
A) The ability of the average person to afford art
B) The war against the Muslims, in which many Muslim artists and artwork were captured
C) The “artistic tax” by which part of every salary was used to support museums
D) The patronage of wealthy merchants and prelates
E)
Universal education
23. Spain and Portugal's reconquest of Iberia was at the expense of (404)
A) English rule.
B) French rule.
C) Persian rule.
D) Moroccan rule.
E)
Muslim rule.
24. The Ming Empire attempted to create new Indian Ocean contacts by (415)
A) sending out seven imperial fleets between 1405 and 1433.
B) employing Mongol horsemen to travel the Silk Road.
C) attempting to defeat the Portuguese in the famous sea battle of Calcutta.
D) establishing maritime courts to deal with pirates and privateers.
E)
building “artificial” islands.
25. The greatest mariners of the Atlantic in the Early Middle Ages were(417)
A) Mongols.
B) Ostrogoths.
C) Celts.
D) Vikings.
E)
Lombards.
26. How did the rise of medieval Islam give trade in the Indian Ocean an important boost?(415)
A) The Muslim cities in the Middle East provided a demand for commodities.
B) Networks of Muslim traders tied the region together.
C) The Muslim traders shared a common ethic, language, and law.
D) Muslim traders actively spread their religion to distant trading cities.
E)
All of these
27. Why did the Ming court suspend the voyages of Zheng He?(417)
A) The Chinese had suffered great epidemics from their contacts in the Indian Ocean.
B) Zheng He's fleet was sunk by Portuguese naval might.
C) The government believed that little could be gained by exploring.
D) The unpredictable weather of the Indian Ocean made these voyages too unsafe.
E)
Zheng He used the fleet to lead a revolution against the Ming emperor.
28. What two nations began a maritime revolution that profoundly altered the course of world history?(417)
A) England and France
B) Portugal and Spain
C) Germany and Russia
D) China and Japan
E)
Greece and Italy
29. Prince Henry was known as Henry the Navigator because(419)
A) he was the first person to round the Cape of Good Hope.
B) he devoted his life to promoting exploration.
C) he designed the compass.
D) he discovered America.
E)
“navigator” means conqueror in Portuguese.
30. An important addition to the maritime revolution was(422)
A) learning to speedily return by sailing northwest to ride westerly winds.
B) learning that the magnetic compass did not work while at sea.
C) recognizing that the caravel was unsuited for voyages of exploration.
D) understanding that the lost island of Atlantis was accessible via caravel.
E)
improvements to his ship design by Thomas of Caravel.
31. The first financial return from the Portuguese voyages came from(422)
A) the gold trade.
B) the spice trade.
C) the silk trade.
D) the slave trade.
E)
potatoes and other crops.
32. In 1500, what did Portuguese mariners discover while attempting to find a favorable wind around Africa?(422)
A) The east coast of South America
B) The west coast of North America
C) The North Pole
D) The Russian coast
E)
The river Styx
33. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between(424)
A) Islamic Africa and Christian America.
B) Spain and China.
C) Portugal and Malacca.
D) Spain and Portugal.
E)
Spain and Genoa.
34. The result of Portuguese domination of Indian Ocean trade routes was(430-1)
A) considerable Portuguese profit.
B) that they charged a lower price for pepper than Venice or Genoa.
C) that more spices and luxury goods were shipped to Europe.
D) little impact on the African and Asian mainlands.
E)
all of these.
35. The difference between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire was that(431)
A) the motives of the Spanish were purely religious.
B) the Spanish Empire was a territorial empire, while the Portuguese Empire was a trading empire.
C) the motives of the Portuguese Empire were purely economic.
D) the Spanish Empire was a trading empire, while the Portuguese Empire was a territorial empire.
E)
the Spanish Empire was only an “intellectual” empire.
36. When Portugal began making a significant income from Africa, it began to issue(422)
A) stock options.
B) private investment opportunities to sponsor maritime cargo and trade.
C) gold coins called cruzados.
D) military detachments to protect merchant ships laden with goods.
E)
Jesuit settlements in repayment to the Order of Christ.
37. The advantage of the caravel was that it was(420)
A) fast.
B) maneuverable.
C) a good fighting ship.
D) strong.
E)
all of these.
38. Martin Luther insisted that the only way to salvation was through(445)
A) relying on “good works.”
B) faith in Jesus Christ.
C) loyalty to the Vatican.
D) paying money to the church.
E)
none of these.
39. John Calvin preached that salvation was granted by(446)
A) predestination
B) good works.
C) sobriety.
D) good thoughts.
E)
the pope.
40. Ignatius of Loyola founded the(446)
A) Dominicans.
B) Inquisition.
C) Council of Trent.
D) Society of Jesus (the Jesuits).
E)
Franciscans.
41. Women, especially widows, were often accused of being witches because it was believed that(448)
A) all women were evil.
B) witches usually killed their husbands.
C) women who lived without male authority were susceptible to evil.
D) black cats preferred the company of women.
E)
men were incapable of evil.
42. The Scientific Revolution demonstrated that the workings of the universe could be explained by(449)
A) the will of God.
B) the temperatures in the hemisphere.
C) natural causes.
D) the alignment of the planets.
E)
prayer and divine revelation.
43. To promote his ideas, Luther used(445)
A) peasant armies.
B) indulgences.
C) troubadours to sing of his greatness.
D) tournaments, festivals, and games.
E)
the printing press.
44. Europeans believed that when natural disasters like earthquakes occurred, the cause was(448)
A) plate tectonics.
B) supernatural forces.
C) an imbalance of humors in the body.
D) that they were illusions.
E)
an unvirtuous ruler.
45. The scientist who asserted that mathematical laws governed the universe was(450)
A) Isaac Newton.
B) Boethius.
C) Virgil.
D) John Harvey.
E)
Henry the Navigator.
46. Many religious and intellectual leaders viewed the new science with suspicion, as shown by the(450)
A) trial of Leopold and Loeb.
B) exile of Newton.
C) execution of Lavoisier.
D) election of Voltaire.
E)
condemnation of Galileo.
47. The term bourgeoisie referred to the
A) lower clergy.
B) lower middle class.
C) nobility.
D) urban wealthy.
E)
royalty.
48. Although Western European peasants were free during the early modern era,(455)
A) they were obliged to provide ten years of military service.
B) they were forced to head the decision-making offices of the government.
C) their standards of living may have declined between 1500 and 1750.
D) they rarely lived to age fifty.
E)
they were forced into overseas service as missionaries.
49. The Enlightenment in Europe was(455)
A) a uniform philosophical movement directed by the Royal Society.
B) derived from Aristotelian scientific thought.
C) the study of alchemy to make light on demand.
D) a blending of intellectual schools of thought from many diverse areas with the idea of improving the
human condition.
E)
based in Chinese and Amerindian naturalism.
50. To ensure that his subjects did not resist royal authority, King Philip II of Spain(457)
A) used the Spanish Inquisition to suppress opposition.
B) exiled dissidents to the American colonies.
C) forced the conversion of all Spanish Jews to Christianity.
D) sentenced all Protestants to life imprisonment.
E)
assigned a “secret” police force to spy on all citizens
51. Since the foraging lifestyle was not particularly unpleasant or hard, foragers had a great deal of time left for(8)
A) finding new hunting grounds.
B) religion.
C) socializing, making tools, and creating art.
D) preparing for war.
E)
dancing.
52. Which was not a method by which the Persians strengthened their empire?(104-5)
A) Giving autonomy to provincial administrators
B) Promoting religious toleration
C) Using technology and scholarship from other cultures
D) Building roads and highways to connect the far-flung reaches of the empire
E)
Using a unified, comprehensive law code like Hammurabi's
53. The economic wealth of the early Roman state was based on(136)
A) farming.
B) mercantilism.
C) mining.
D) fishing.
E)
the military.
54. The Mandate of Heaven meant that the ruler retained the right to rule as long as(64-5)
A) he remained the strongest in the kingdom.
B) he remained a wise and principled guardian of his people.
C) he performed the correct ritual sacrifices.
D) he produced a male heir.
E)
he kept the loyalty of the military.
55. Women played a major role in the transition to crop cultivation because
A) they were unsuited for heavier work.
B) they were the primary gatherers of wild plant foods.
C) only women lived very long in farming settlements.
D) since women did the cooking, it was natural for them to grow the plants.
E)
it's easy to do agriculture and raise children at the same time.
56. The Babylonian leader Hammurabi is best known for his
A) religious reforms.
B) modern political organization.
C) expansion of the Mesopotamian economy.
D) physical strength.
E)
law code.
57. Two indigenous Chinese philosophies that emerged from the Warring States Period are
A) Confucianism and Buddhism.
B) Confucianism and Hinduism.
C) Confucianism and Jainism.
D) Confucianism and Daoism.
E)
Confucianism and Judaism.
58. The only domesticated beast of burden in the Andean region was the
A) horse.
B) guinea pig.
C) llama.
D) bison.
E)
vicuña.
59. The pharaoh Akhenaten is credited by many historians with
A) the invention of monotheism.
B) implementing political reforms that harmed the majority of Egyptians.
C) linking his wealth to the traditional system.
D) damaging the economy beyond repair.
E)
permanently reforming corrupt temple priests in Egypt.
60. Cyrus and his son ruled their empire by following a practical approach of
A) threatening the people with gross injustices.
B) first marrying into the local nobility.
C) murdering local priests and nobles.
D) respecting local priests and native traditions.
E)
outlawing local traditions and strictly enforcing Persian laws.
61. Although Greece is described as “resource poor” in the chapter, its economy prospered
A) through a brisk trade in slaves.
B) because of successful manufacturing.
C) by using a large population as a large “service” sector.
D) through access to foreign resources, markets, and ideas.
E)
by frequently raiding its neighbors.
62. Ancient Greece was organized into city-states called
A) satrapies.
B) poleis.
C) nomes.
D) shires.
E)
they had no cities.
63. In what area of France did Charles “The Hammer” Martel stop the expansion of the Muslims from Spain? (244)
A) Tours
B) Loire
C) Lyon
D) Marseilles
E)
Paris
64. The center of political action in the Roman Republic was (139)
A) the Council of Nobles.
B) annually elected civic officials.
C) the Senate.
D) the Plebeian Council.
E)
the Congress of Monarchs.
65. The fundamental economic activity in both the Han and Roman civilizations was (159)
A) the manufacture of luxury goods.
B) military conquest.
C) trade.
D) industry.
E)
agriculture.
66. The leading export commodity of China during the Han was (158)
A) cotton textiles.
B) rice.
C) silk.
D) tea.
E)
porcelain.
67. The Qin emperor was committed to standardization of coinage, weights and measures, the law code, and
writing. This shows a commitment to (155)
A) the concept of a harmonious society.
B) the incorporation of Confucian principles.
C) a profound respect for education.
D) the creation of a unified Chinese civilization.
E)
the rights of the individual.
68. The ultimate spiritual reward in Buddhism is (172)
A) material wealth.
B) nirvana.
C) everlasting life in heaven.
D) union with the ancestors.
E)
union with the gods.
69. The Sasanids (of Iran) established ___________ as their state religion. (193)
A) Zoroastrianism
B) Buddhism
C) Hinduism
D) Christianity
E)
Jainism
70. The mariners involved in the Indian Ocean trade were (194)
A) almost exclusively of Indian background.
B) a multilingual and multiethnic group.
C) from many lands, but all were Muslim.
D) primarily Arabic and Persian.
E)
all Africans from the sub-Saharan region.
71. The Indian Ocean Maritime System forged economic and social ties between (195)
A) Morocco, Arabia, and the Mediterranean Sea.
B) Russia, India, and China.
C) East Africa, Arabia, India, China, and Southeast Asia.
D) China, Japan, and the Philippines.
E)
Greece, Turkey, Arabia, and Persia.
72. The early inhabitants of the East African island of Madagascar came from (194)
A) the dense forests of Central Africa.
B) the Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia.
C) the Indian subcontinent.
D) the islands of Southeast Asia.
E)
Ethiopia and Arabia.
73. Most sub-Saharan languages come from one giant linguistic family, called (204)
A) Sudanese-Zulu.
B) Swahili.
C) Semitic.
D) Niger-Kongo.
E)
Bantu.
74. A cubical shrine called the ___________ contributed to the growth of Mecca. (218)
A) Ka'ba
B) Quaran
C) Jian
D) Quraysh
E)
Yemaysh
75. The unified community that accepted Islam and believed that Muhammad was the “Messenger of God” was
called the (220)
A) jihad.
B) hijra.
C) shaitan.
D) ka'ba.
E)
umma.
76. The Arab community prior to the seventh century C.E. (217)
A) was polytheistic.
B) was devoted to Zoroastrianism.
C) practiced Christianity but split between monophysitism and Nestorianism.
D) was persecuted by Jews and Christians.
E)
was devoted to fire-worshiping rituals.
77. Muslim religious practice is based on the (220)
A) Three Goals to Salvation.
B) Ten Commandments.
C) Eightfold Path.
D) Four Noble Truths.
E)
Five Pillars.
78. The Chinese political system that relied primarily on strict laws and punishments to compel people to behave is
called (68)
A) Daoism.
B) Confucianism.
C) Legalism.
D) Moism.
E)
Rationalism.
79. The first ancient civilization to rule far-flung lands and diverse peoples was that of the (75)
A) Assyrians.
B) Hittites.
C) Sumerians.
D) Babylonians.
E)
Kassites.
80. What was the predominant language of the Catholic Church in the West? (262)
A) Greek
B) Latin
C) German
D) French
E)
Italian
81. In the seventh century, the Byzantine Empire lost Egypt, Syria, and Tunisia to (242)
A) Kievan armies.
B) Russian armies.
C) Viking raiders.
D) Arab armies.
E)
Germanic invaders.
82. A fief was (247)
A) a small, nonhereditary manor.
B) any estate governed by a hereditary lord.
C) any small and independent kingdom.
D) a Germanic peasant.
E)
a grant of land exchanged for military service.
83. As time went on, armored knighthood (247)
A) was restricted to those with hereditary titles.
B) continued only in areas with a free peasantry.
C) was limited to those with revenue from land.
D) required permission of the king and the church.
E)
was taught to all citizens.
84. One early Russian chronicle reports that Vladimir I chose Orthodox Christianity over Islam because (255-6)
A) he felt that Islam was more appropriate to nomadic peoples.
B) he felt that a relationship with Islam would do nothing to promote trade.
C) he got special dispensation from the pope to marry two wives.
D) he knew that Islam forbade alcohol consumption.
E)
he was a great art lover, and in his view Islam had no beautiful religious buildings.
85. To facilitate communication and trade between northern and southern China, the Sui built the (273)
A) Great Wall.
B) Yangtze River Highway.
C) Grand Canal.
D) Trans China Relay System.
E)
Great Qin Highway.
86. The tributary system was a practice in which (273)
A) the emperor traveled to foreign countries to pledge his allegiance to them.
B) countries acknowledged the supremacy of the Chinese emperor.
C) the emperor made an annual trip down the Grand Canal.
D) the emperor made a pilgrimage to please the gods and the ancient ancestors.
E)
China built new canals for transportation and irrigation.
87. Which are important technological innovations of the Song Empire?(280-1)
A) The stern-mounted rudder, high-quality steel, and gunpowder
B) Silk, the saddle, and the printing press
C) The battering ram, the chariot, and the lateen sail
D) The astrolabe, the horse collar, and the crossbow
E)
The clock, paper, and the cure for the plague
88. After the Tibetan government attempted to eliminate the influence of monasteries, Tibetan Buddhists responded
by (275)
A) committing mass suicide.
B) calling on Buddhists in China for help.
C) assassinating the king and controlling the Tibetan royal family.
D) preaching the doctrine of passive resistance.
E)
destroying the capital and burning the palace.
89. Which Mesoamerican group practiced human sacrifice?
A) Maya
B) Aztec
C) Olmec
D) Toltec
E)
All of these
90. The Aztecs formed their empire by (299)
A) ruthlessly conquering other peoples.
B) marrying into neighboring tribes to create a homogeneous society.
C) negotiating to divide desired geographic areas.
D) peacefully coexisting on the basis of mutual interests.
E)
creating a voluntary association league that offered protection in numbers
91. Cahokia, near modern day St. Louis, was (305)
A) a Maya city.
B) a Mound Builder city.
C) the center of Four Corners Pueblo peoples.
D) in the Andes.
E)
a pyramid in North America.
92. Andean civilization was (305)
A) centralized and urban.
B) isolated and mountainous.
C) a center of trade and high-yield agriculture.
D) a major fishing enterprise.
E)
in the lowlands with fertile plains for farming.
93. The Mongol way of life was (324)
A) hunting and gathering.
B) agricultural.
C) based on procurement.
D) pastoral.
E)
urbanized.
94. In 1265, major divisions emerged between the Mongol khans because (329)
A) many branches refused to accept Khubilai as Great Khan.
B) Jagadai did not accept Shamanism.
C) Batu and Khubilai teamed up against Jagadai.
D) some refused to accept an alliance with the Mamluks.
E)
Yuan defied tribual consensus to attack central Europe.
95. Tax farming is (338)
A) the payment of taxes solely by farmers.
B) paying expenses by barter instead of currency.
C) the exemption granted to farmers from taxation.
D) the sale of tax-collecting contracts to small corporations.
E)
the raising of crops on government land to pay for government expenses.
96. The battle in which the Russians fought against the Teutonic Knights to prevent being assimilated by Catholic
Crusaders was led by the Russian hero (336)
A) Grigorii Preobrazhenskii.
B) Dmitri Donskoi.
C) Ivan III.
D) Vladimir the Viking.
E)
Alexander Nevskii.
97. In 1453, the Ottomans conquered which important Christian city? (338)
A) Kiev
B) Vienna
C) Paris
D) Budapest
E)
Constantinople
98. In 1295, the Il-khan ruler Ghazan converted to which religion? (331)
A) Buddhism
B) Judaism
C) Christianity
D) Islam
E)
Shinto
99. What was the most lasting impact of the Mongols on China? (338)
A) The Mongols introduced Buddhism to China.
B) The Mongols permanently reunited China after a prolonged period of political fragmentation.
C) The Chinese government system was invented by the Mongols.
D) The Mongols brought silk and porcelain production to China.
E)
The Mongols built the Great Wall.
100. In 1368, the Yuan Empire was overthrown and replaced by the (340)
A) Manchu dynasty.
B) Yidynasty.
C) Ming dynasty.
D) Song dynasty.
E)
Tang dynasty.