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Transcript
Analyze the factors contributing to the end of the Cold War. --REVIEW – TIMELINE OF THE COLD WAR STALIN -- _________________________________________ ____________________________– US, GB, USSR agreed that free elections would be held in all Eastern European countries. USA wanted help fighting Japan. 1945 Potsdam Conference – US scolded ________________________________ Truman now ___________________and no longer need Soviet help defeating Japan. 1946 Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech ________________________– US committed itself to helping any country to fight communism – “containment” of “____________________”. 1947 __________________ 1948 Berlin Airlift 1949 __________________ 1950-53 Korean War TIMELINE OF THE COLD WAR ______________________-- Eisenhower, Kennedy, LBJ 1956 Khrushchev - ___________________________________USSR and US tensions ease by way of summit meetings and a rejection of the belief that war inevitable. 1955 __________________________ 1956 Hungarian Revolt 1957 _____________(started space race) 1959___________________– China disagrees with peaceful co-existence. 1960 U-2 Incident –_______________________. 1961 _________________and Berlin Wall 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis 1963 Hot Line established,______________________________. 1964 _______________________Resolution TIMELINE COLD WAR –______________________– LBJ, Nixon, Carter, Reagan 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty 1964 Khrushchev was forced from power because of ____________________and the failure of________________________– succeeded by Brezhnev, an old time conservative – more acceptable than Khrushchev. ______________________– Czechoslovakian government _____________attempted to bring about reforms. The USSR sent in tanks and announced the Brezhnev Doctrine – USSR declares it will use force to______________________________. (“The duty of Warsaw Pact members to…”) 1969____________________________– The West German government under Willy Brandt recognized borders between East and West tensions ease. 1972 ____________________ 1971 Normalization of relations between__________________________. China was given its seat at the Security Council and Nixon visited Beijing in 1972. 1973 US _________________________ 1975 Helsinki Accord – international agreement on divided Europe that: Recognized the___________________________________, including Berlin. (for the USSR) Promised to defend human rights of peoples on both_______________________. (for the USA) 1979 USSR_______________________– The end of the period called____________. _______________ (1979) scrapped and the 1980 Moscow Olympic Boycott. President Carter’s emphasis on _____________________for Russians angered USSR. 1980__________________________– Polish unions under ____________negotiated successfully with Polish government for right to organize. TIMELINE COLD WAR – GORBACHEV – Reagan, Bush I. 1982 Brezhnev dies – leaves USSR with ______________________________and a failing economy. 1983 US ______________________to prevent Communist revolution US had done similar things in Guatemala in 1954. 1985 ______________________________(Andropov and Chernenko) died in office – Program based on perestroika (_______________) and ____________(openness). Perestroika allowed some private enterprise to stimulate production and economy. Glasnost allowed criticism of government and________________________. 1985-86 Gorbachev proposes the destruction of a proportion of Soviet missiles in exchange for____________________, Reagan’s space-based missile-shield program. 1988_______________________________________. 1986 _____________________________(Oliver North) – To save American hostages in Lebanon, the US sold arms to avowed enemy Iran while also selling arms to Iraq____________________________. BUT then secretly used the proceeds to fund anti-Communist guerrillas called the Contras in their attempt to overthrow a democratically elected___________________________________________. 1989 Gorbachev renounced __________________________and allowed Warsaw Pact countries to break away from USSR. Aug 1989 Poland appointed Solidarity candidate ___________________as PM. Oct 1989 _________________________party disbanded. Nov 1989 East Germany opened border in Berlin;_______________________. Dec 1989 ____________________was elected President in Czechoslovakia. Oct 1990 Germany was re-united___________________________. 1990/91_____________________. 1991 Gorbachev was almost overthrown in a failed coup by __________________ Yeltsin prevented a coup from taking over, but soon replaced Gorbachev as leader. USSR soon broke apart___________________________, led by the Ukraine and the Baltic States of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Analyze the factors contributing to the end of the Cold War - Nuclear Treaties End of WW2 – USSR ___________________________________forced the US to maintain atomic superiority. 1945 US test____________, 1949 USSR tests, 1952 ___________________began when GB tests. 1952 ___________________________(500x atomic), 1955 USSR. 1957 USSR launches Sputnik – US started space race. 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis –_____________________, closest to nuclear war lead to nuclear détente. Hot Line established and____________________________. Other countries were angry at lack of consultation. 1963 CMC lead to the_____________________________– above ground tests were prohibited. By 1964________________________________; by 1974, India. _____________________– A strategy not to use nukes but to have them to deter another country from using them –__________________. 1968 __________________________________Treaty formed to keep other countries from developing nuclear weapons. 1972 SALT 1 (________________________________) signed by US and USSR to limit the number of ICBMs. 1979 SALT 2 treaty signed to _________________________________(equality) between US and USSR. It failed because of_____________________________. ________________increased military spending – détente ends. 1980-85 Reagan __________________________by 51%. 1981 Reagan began START (_________________________________), which failed because the US was unwilling to talk about cruise missiles. 1983 SDI (____________________________– Star Wars) increases tensions because USSR fears falling behind in nuclear technology; It would destroy the stability of the______________________, and undermine deterrence and MAD. __________________ (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces) Treaty signed – small parts of US and USSR nuclear arsenals dismantled. Did not significantly reduce the nuclear threat but did improve relations (__________________________). US outspent USSR – USSR forced to back out of arms race.