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The Holocaust: Hitler’s War against the Jews I. The Final Solution A. Summer of 1941 Intoxicated by their victory Some sort of solution was at hand Verbal order from Hitler No written document linking Hitler Deniability Reinhard Heydrich Herbert Goering and a formal authorization Drafting a solution “Resettlement” Forced immigration Somewhere in the East October Plans are made Mass extermination Invitation to a secret conference Select members B. Secret Meeting at Wannsee January 20, 1942 Heydrich was present An hour About a dozen people Hitler, Goebbels, Himmler Were not present Agencies that would be involved Death Camps Extermination of the Jews Established in Poland, Czechoslovakia Handle millions Many would die in transit Others would be worked to death Unfit would be marched to the gas chambers What did that mean? The round up and transport of all European Jews To the death camps This was to be the “final solution” C. Need for Secrecy German public was not ready for this action Even some Nazi members Something was going on Did not assume resettlement There could be rumors Would be rumors No confirmation Secrecy They would not understand Foreign propaganda Number of incidents in Belgium Wanted to avoid this Would make great use of the information The victims Must be kept ignorant of their fate Off on a journey Going to be resettled May hear rumors D. Implementation: 1942 Auschwitz, Treblinka, and other camps Deportation from Warsaw ghetto Treblinka Death Camps Same principles Train arrives Cattle cars People were separated Work Unfit The Unfit A long journey Mark your luggage You will need a shower Anything of value Gold teeth, hair, etc. were claimed 1942-1945 4-5 million were killed Einsatzgruppen 1-2 million or so Russians, Poles, Gypsies and others disappeared Enemies of the Nazi Germany II. The Allied Response to the Camps A. Information Einsatzgruppen Barbaric actions Hard information was available What it really meant Western Allies and the German military August The Allies bombed Buchenwald The factories Intelligence Plans Flew flights over Auschwitz A debate within the Allied Government Attack the camps Kill all of the inmates Was a commando raid possible? What would you do? B. Attack the War Machine Destroy it as fast as possible Would bring an end to the regime Save lives Considerable concern Just kill another way Allies start making public statements The war is over There will be an accounting III. Allies and the Camps A. April 1945 Buckenwald Belsen 55,000 B. Ugliness Mass graves Bodies were in piles The Living C. The Totals May 1945 Role call of the dead