Download biology 20 unit d review answers

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Name------------------Class------- Date-----
•
Chapter Test
CHAPTER 3 • Digestive System
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.
C_
1. Proteins are made up of
a. tissues.
b. fatty acids.
mino acids.
ells.
2T e nutrient that supplies the body with the most Calories per gram is
. ats.
c. sugar.
.
. proteins. .
d. starches.
·.
3. Of the following, the one that is not a food group is the
bread and cereal group. .
c. meat group.
vitamin and mineral group. . d. milk group.
4. Canines are involved in
achemical digestion.
b. enzymatic digestion.
c. cellular digestion.
mechanical digestion.
(!9
5. The small flap of tissue that closes off the windpipe when a person swallows food
is the
·
. a. esophagus.
c. tongue.
_
. &epiglottis..·
·d. trachea.
6.. the following, the one that is not secreted by cells in. the stomach is
a. tyalin.
c. hydrochloric acid.
- ·
. ·
.
; ·pepsin.·
.
d. mucus. ·
·
·
7 An. organ that does not secrete d· estive enzymes.·is the
a,· pancreas.
· c. sophagus.
b. small intestine.
. salivary gland.
8 he complete digestion of carbohydrates produces
. carbon and hydrogen.
c. sugars.
. starches.
d. proteins.
9. Structures that increase the surface area of the small intestine are
a. valves. ·
c. taste buds.
bventricles.
@villi.
10. Bacteria that are helpful to digestion live in the
a. small intestine.·
c. mouth.
b. large intestine.
®tomach. ·
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Human Biology and Health
H • 49
COMPLETION
Complete each statement on the line at the left.
l) i1ttItA\ vt)
L
is a nutrient that carries substances throughout the body.
1.
,lis
2. Any plant or animal fat that is liquid at room temperature is called
a(an)
.
·
3. You use your front teeth, or
2a ll\.t:fQ\0
or
G
._, when you bite into an apple.
4. Two organs that are not part of the digestive system, but that secrete
substances into the small intestine to aid digestion, are the --· and
I
Gat(b 5.
vitamins cannot be stored in fat tissues.
TRUE OR FALSE
Determine whether each statement is true or false. If is if true, write T. If it is false, change
the underlined word or words to make the statement true.
_f_ 'JOu\fJJ
1. The energy in food is measured in units called Calories.
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2. Ifyou eat more food than your body uses, you will lose weight.
3. Carbohydrates are used primarily to build and repair body
_·
• _P
:
.
c....-C>[Ptyalis i:t:I mechanical digestion.
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5. Muscles in the walls of the esophagus help bring food from the
mouth_ to the stomach by peristalsis.
USING SCIENCE SKILLS:Interpreting Charts
DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN THE DIGES"fiVE SYSTEM
Digestive Juice
Digestive Enzyme
Works On
Saliva
Ptyalin
Starch
Complex sugars
Gastric
Pepsin
Protein
Simpler proteins
Lactase, maltase,
sucrase
Complex sugars
Simple sugars
Peptidase
Simpler proteins
Amino acids
Fats
Fatty acids
a_nd glycerol
Intestinal
Lipase·
-
Pancreatic
50
li
Changes It To
Complex sugars
Amylase
Starch
Trypsin
Proteins
Simpler proteins
Lipase
Fats
Fatty acids and
glycerol
H . Human Biology and Health
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Name --------------- Class------Date--.-----
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1. Which two enzymes break down starch to complex sugars?
·
O.tuttf/a>L
.
2. Which three enzymes finish the job of digesting starch?
(a eta·
.
·
t
<A!'4 l
k>L- suera
What are the final products of starch di estion.?
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Carlao& · ( e;
acckcu
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des.
4. What are the final products of the digestion of fats?
5. Pancreatic enzymes are listed last on this chart. Does that mean that pancreatic enzymes
are the last to work on digesting food?· Explain your answer.
·
ESSAY
Write a brief paragraph discussing each of the following stateme ts or questio s.
1. Plan a lunch that includes foods from all four food groups.------..,.-----
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Human Biology and Health H • 51.
2. Describe the mechanical digestion that a hamburger on a bun undergoes on its way
through the digestive system·------------------'---
3. The gallbladder does not produce enzymes, yet it helps digestion. Explain this statement.
4. What is the relationship between the surface area of the small intestine and the
digestion of food?
5. Would a person be able to live without an epiglottis? Explain.
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Name ------'--------------Class------- Date-----
Test Bank Test
CHAPTER 4 • Circulatory System
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Write the letter of the answer that best completes each statement.
1. Which organ pumps blood through a network of blood_vessels?
lung
c. brain
(!!;)heart
d. stomach
2. The heart's rhythm is controlled by the
a. septum.
c. aorta.
pacemaker.
d. ventricle.
3. Theli<}uid.portion ofblood is cm
di
a. hemoglobin.
c. lasma.
b. platelets.
. blood cells.
4. What is the most common cause of heart attacks in the United States?
a. diabetes.
c. cancer
§ atherosclerosis
d. low blood pressure
5. ich substance stops bleeding by trapping blood cells and plasma?
a. fibrin
c. cholesterol
. lymph
·
d. plasma
·
6. The wall of tissue that separates the heart into a right and a left side is the
ta.)septum.
c. aorta.
'-5:" valve.
d. vena cava.
7. ich human blood group lacks proteins on the red blood cells?
a. 0
c. B
. A
d. AB
8. Which cells need the most oxygen?
a. nerve cells
brain cells
@ muscle cells ---- ./ '<( blood cells
9. Blood that is carrying oxygen is said to be
a. transfused.
c. cross matched.
[9oxygen-rich.
d. oxygen-poor.
10. Flaps of tissue that control the movement ofblood in veins are called
a. pacemakers.
(S)valves.
.
b. capillaries.
d. septums.
·,-·:·,
11. Red blood cells are produced in the·
a aorta.
c. platelets.
{!!)bone marrow.
d. lymph.
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Human Biology and Health. H. •. "is
·... ·
.
12. The right ventricle pumps blood to the
a. capillaries.
c: arteries.
lungs;
d. veins.
@
13. The process of transferring blood from one person to another is called a(an)
a. transferral.
transplant.
b. diffusion.
&transfusion..
14. The heart chamber that pumps blood to all parts of the body is the
a. right ventricle.
/Z)left ventricle.
b. left atrium.
'<( right atrium.
15. The pacemaker controls the heart's
a. size.
·
/clcontractions.
b. oxygen supply.
air flow.
Y.
16. Which organ system transports materials to all parts of the body?
a. skeletal system
c. digestive system
b. respiratory system
@circulatory system
17. The largest blood vessel in the body is the
a. vena cava.
c. right atrium.
aorta.
.
d. left ventricle.
®
18. White blood cells are an important part of the body's
a. digestive system.
@ immune system.
b. respiratory system.
d. nervous system.
19.cf.!:gen-poor blood carries the waste product
a. carbon dioxide.
c. oxygen.
. sugar.
d. hydrogen.
20. Blood vessels that carry blood a ay from the heart are
a. veins.
c. vena cavae
b. capillaries.
@trteries.
21.
·
icblood vessel carries blood back to the heart?
L_Yvem
c. aorta
b. capillary
d. artery
22.ci.e iron-containing protein found in red blood cells is .
a. hemoglobin.
c. plasma.·
. fibrin.
d. lymph.
23. Which type of blood vessel allows food and oxygen to pass through its walls?
vem
c. ventricle
(_/ capillary
d. artery
[email protected] that breaks down damaged red blood cells is the
a. spleen.
· c. heart.
. pancreas.
d. gallbladder.
25. Which cells lack a nucleus?
a. white blood cells
b. capillary cells
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Human Biology and Health
ned blood cells
C/11 of these
Name--------------'------- Class- ----- Date
26. The function of the white blood cells is to
. c. form clots.
n-<J:Icarry oxygen.
t_Vdefend against invaders.
d. carry ca bon dioxide.
27. Which part of the blood releases
es to form clots?
a. red blood cells
(.sA>latelets
·
b. plasma
d. white blood cells.
28. The aorta is a(an)
a. atrium.
b. capillary.
c. vein.
C!} artery.
29. High blood pressure is often called the "silent killer" because
a. people often have no symptoms to warn them.
b. people die suddenly in their sleep.
statistics on this killer are hard to get.
Vall of these.
Q
30. Arteries have
a. thinner walls than veins.
b. valves.
·c._ thicker walls than veins.
. chambers.
TRUE OR FALSE
Deiermine whether each statement is true or false.
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31. The most numerous cells in whole blood are white blood cells.
*
.
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'
33. The circulatory system
1 32. The left side of the heart works harder than the right side. ·
delivers food and carbon dioxide to body cells.
t:_
f
34. A mature red blood cell contains a nucleus.
35. Arteries and veins have one-way valves.
_ 36. Red and whit od cells ;evelop in b ne marrow.
J 37. The circulatory system carries chemical messeng rs throughout the body.
_,£.
_t_
38. Hypertension is the thickening of the inner lining of the arteries.
39. Capillaries are larger than veins. _
/
40. People with group AB blood produce a chemical called anti-B.
COMPLETION
Fill in the word or number that best completes each statement.
B{u-oJ
) j· ·.
5
_is produced by the
force ofblood and the resistance of the blood vessel walls. ·
.
_
. 6ll-etlt\.
Name--------------'------- Class- ----- Date
42. D;unaged red blood cells are br'Oken down in the Iiverand_·_.·
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Inc.
· Human Biology and Health
H • 77
_
43. The four blood groups are A, B, AB, and
44. The circulatory systelll removes
cells.
.
and other wastes from body
hJlJJJ'.f: 45. The pumping organ of the circulatory system is the
Celli j flay} €4 ·,-- are tiny, thin-walled blood vessels.
A t Cfl>t
6"f-t#Lfl/l _( f
47. Blood that is carrying carbon
tJ ')f 0
t1C?k1 )
V...
. ·
I
48. The
dioxide is said to be
.
.
process of transferring blood from one body to another is called
tkPn)_.
.
Sf 1/1.fjOtJ/1. C/Wi 49. An instrument that measures blood pressure is the _.
·
.
89. People-wH:o do nothave dte Rit factut in tlieir t>lood ate said
-
· Of1?{{4A.. (
1
G rl 1ct c....pi:\-{M
Ia
-·
.·
51. Blood that is carrying oxygen is said to be
52.
0 . High
w be
.
diseases affect the heart and blood vessels..
blood pressure, also called
)IJ,Ag..- 54.The liquid portion of blood is called
, can cause heart attacks.
.
=--.cq.. .J.I.2..),VS5. The iron-containing protein that carries oxygen to body cells is
4-' ..L---
l-.r \
56. Fatty substances such as
them narrower.
.
can build up in the arteries and make
LAJL \ G-
57. Th heart chambers that collect blood returning to the heart are called
2 \a.)
58. ffi(,
0
m es up the greatest portion of whole blood.
59•. People with group
anti-B.
·
blood produce chemicals called anti-A and
60. Cell fragments that help the blood to clot are
78 • H Human Biology _and Health
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Name---------------,.-- Class------ Date---'-----
•
1
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
.-...:
·
'
Use the skills you have developed in the chapter to answer each question.
. I
Figure 7
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61. Observe Figure 7. IdentifY struct res I and]. Compare these structures.
of
dLO -
. 62. Examine Figure
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O'f.-tj1f)''-/00r
y, cJ_,
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+:ctiz dll
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63. Study Figure 7. Iden tif)r structure E. What would happen to a person who had a hole in ·
this structure?
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.
u»)
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64. IdentifY structure.G in Figure 7. Where does blood go after it leaves this structure?
b- ncrfAT crh'\
1.(-
&bcACJ
.
Name---------------,.-- Class------ Date---'-----
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©Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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)Human Biology and Health.. H • 79
l'llarrle
------------------Class
Date
_
Test Bank Test
)
CHAPTER 5 • Respiratory and Excretory Systems
\
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Write the letter of the answer that best completes each statement.
1. Which Is a waste product of respiration?
a. oxygen
Cdarbon dioxide
b. hydrogen
'ci:-glucose
2. Air enters the respiratory system through the
a. epiglottis.
c. trachea.
@nostrils.
d. alveoli.
3. The flap of tissue that prevents fand water from entering the windpipe is the
a. trachea.
(;/epiglottis.
b. larynx.
d. bronchus.
4.. Which process rids the body ofwaste materials? .
(';;) excretion
·
c. fertilization
digestion
d. absorption
Y.
)
,.,:_
5. What is another name for the trachea?
a. voice box
c. nostril
b. diaphragm
@windpipe
6. Which body system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide
and water?
c. digestive system
respiratory system
d. skeletal system
excretory system
taJ
7. The voice box is also known as the
a. epiglottis.
c. trachea.
&arynx.
d. bronchus.
8.. Each alveolus is surrounded by
Dcapmaries.
c. arteries.
vems.
d. nephrons.
r
'b.'
9. The cup-shaped part of the nephron is the
a. ureter.
c. urethra.
@capsule.
d. urinary bladder.
10. As air enters the body, it is warmmoistened, and filtered in the
a. trachea.
·
(5/TIOSe.
b. bronchus.
d. throat.
·
11. Carbon dioxide in the blood is exchanged for oxygen in the air in the
a. trachea.
/t)al':'eoli.
b. bronchi.
'c( larynx.
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Human Biology and Health
H • 95
12. The folds of tissue that are found in the larynx and vibrate to produce sound are
{·ocal cords.
oice box.
c. alveoli.
d. bronchi.
13. The nitrogen-containing waste product that is filtered out of the blood in the
kidneys is called
a. perspiration.
c. nitrate.
b. sodium.
urea.
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14. The two tubes that branch off from the trachea are called
bronchi.
c. alveoli.
. vocal cords.
d. lungs.
15. Before a person inhales, the muscles attached to the ribs
0contract.
c. expand.
fi. relax.
d. vibrate.
16. Through which structure in the kidney is blood filtered?
a. ureter
c. alveolus
nephron
d. urethra
f)
17. The lungs, kidneys, liver, and skin are part of the
a. circulatory system.
(C) excretory system.
b. respiratory system.
'ct'. digestive-system.
18. The main organ of respiration is the
a. kidney.
c. liver.
b. heart.
c:91ung.
1) ..
19. Which structures transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
· G}ureters
c. urethras
b. veins
d. nephrons
20-efore a person exhales, the chest muscles
contract.
c. expiffid.
. relax.
d. vibrate.
21. The lungs contain grapelike structures called
;r.flood cells.
c. capillaries.
valveoli.
d. bronchi.
22. The liquid that remains in the kidney after reabsorption is called
plasma.
c. urea.
rine.
d. perspiration.
23. The excretory organ that remov cess amino acids from the blood is the
a. urinary bladder.
\SJKidney.
b. skin.
d. liver.
24. The liquid that is composed of waste materials and is excreted by the skin is
Jed
·
GJperspiration.
c. carbon dioxide.
b. plasma.
d. urine.
96 • H
Human Biology and Health
Name-----------------'-----Class
Date
25. Carbon dioxide passes into the alveoli from the
a. veins.
c. arteries.
d, aorta.
fJ.) capillaries.
:.
_
.
26.'vVhich organ belongs to both the respiratory system and the excretory system?
a. skin
c. kidney
lung
d. larynx
e9
27. The upper layer of the skin is cal d the
a. epiglottis.
·
c. epidermis.
b. dermis.
. pore.
28. A muscle that aids in breathing is the
diaphragm.
c. biceps.
'tl. triceps.
d. dermis.
29. e thick inner layer of the skin is called the
- a: epidermis.
c. diaphragm.
. nephron.
d. dermis.
I·
30. The body's largest organ, which vers an area of 1.5 to 2 square meters, is the
a. heart.
(Y skin.
,
b. brain.
d. liver.
I
TRUE OR FALSE
\
Determine whether each statement is true or false.
(/ 31. The skin is composed of t
ajor layers
I
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32. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the bronchi.
_
_{_ 33. The kidneys control the balance of salt and fluid in the body.
-·
34. Excretion refers only to the removal of urea from the body.
{
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_£ 35. As air enters the body, it is warmed, moistened, and filtered in the nose.
£ 36. The windpipe is also called the bronchus. f-r
_f_ 37. Air contains about 50 percent oxygen. j 7 OZo.
_l_3s.
£39.
2..-
When the diaphragm contracts, air pressure in the chest increases.
In the process of respiration, oxygen combines with food to produce energy.
40. Air flows in and out of the lungs due to changes in air pressure.
I
COMPLETION
Fill in the word or umber that best completes each statement.
AA
/_.
NJ!Jii.l ran "'-"
.
.
.
Gtl 4ULY 'fl·Food is combined with oxygen to produce energy in the process of
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© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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--means to breathe in.
Human Biology and Health H • 97
43. The body system that removes wastes produced by the body is the
system.
44. The tiny hairlike structures lining the nasal cavities are called
.
45. The
is a flap of tissue that closes over the trachea and prevents
food from entering it.
--f:l'_.w..-J,......::=....:....._
r
46. In the skin, wastes are excreted through tiny openings called
47. The voice box, or
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hotAlt!f4M '
48. The
kJJw51.
l)f
, is located at the top of the trachea.
are folds of tissue in the lining of the larynx.
49. Thl trachea branches into two tubes called
tJ
The
.
S'p-shaped part of the nephron is called the
,er ')
.
stores urine.
IIf) =UJ 52. Each thin-walled alveolus is surrounded by a network of
cA 011\.
.
53. A word that means "breathe out" is
.
.
56.-boiltpbes, le6a.ted in the dermis, tba:t conneEt to pores s:tc called
bt
fkeA/i
57. T_h_e_·_exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between the capil­
laries and the
--S-;:;· L,.· ""'--=----·
58. Kidneys, lungs, liver, -arid
tion.
59.
..are
the body's main organs of excre­
are the pattenJ.s of ridges on the £inger tips.
60. The inaer layet of the skin is called the
98 • H
Human Biology and Health
Name-----------------Class------Date
_
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
)
Use the skills you have developed in the chapter to answer each question.
E
Figure 9
61. Observe Figure 9. Identify structure A. Describe the function of this structure.
.
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62. Study Figure 9. Identify structure H. What other part of the body can perform the same
function as structure H? l
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63. Identify structure E in Figure 9. What is the function of this structure?
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64. What respiratory structures, not shown in Figure 9, lie at the end of structure F? lA
1,
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Human Biology and Health
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