Download A Second World War WHAP/Napp “The world Depression in the

A Second World War
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“The world Depression in the early 1930s fostered anxiety and a premonition of
chaos. On these fears Hitler thrived. Many Germans saw in Hitler and his
Brownshirts the welcome upholders of law and order. Fear of communism won
Hitler increasing support from small farmers and shopkeepers. He and his oratory
appealed to Germany’s pride and exploited the widespread resentment that
Germany had been defeated unfairly in a game in which it had long excelled – the
game of war.
In the elections of 1930, Hitler’s party enlarged its vote. In 1932 it doubled its vote
again, becoming the largest German political party. In January of the following
year it joined a coalition of smaller right-wing parties, and Hitler was formally
appointed chancellor. Soon he became in effect a dictator. The persecution of Jews,
suppression of trade unions and crushing of civil liberties were under way. In 1934
the aged president died, and Hitler, by popular consent, took complete control. His
enemies were at his mercy.
Believing he could restore Germany’s power, Hitler seemed to feel that he was
guided by a mysterious force stronger than himself: ‘I go the way that Providence
dictates with the assurance of a sleepwalker.’ In fact he was ill-prepared for power;
he did not like administration or deskwork. Until he came to office his most senior
official post had been as a humble corporal in the army. He knew little of Europe;
he had not visited Paris or Rome, and he must have been a considerable age before
he even set eyes on the sea. He believed ardently that the Germans were the finest
race in the whole world, a world of which he had seen little, and that the Jews were
the most dangerous race. Hitler claimed, with scant supporting evidence, that the
Jews as well as the socialists in Germany had stabbed the nation’s warriors in the
back.
Joseph Stalin was not the real name of the ruler of Russia. An organizer and
agitator who had served sentences in Siberian prisons as punishment for his
political activities, he took the name of Stalin, meaning ‘man of steel,’ soon after the
victorious revolution of 1917. As editor of the communist newspaper Pravda he was
an insider, and increasingly powerful. He became secretary of the central
committee of the Communist Party and then head of government, after the death of
Lenin in January 1924. He began to eliminate personal and imaginary rivals. He
set out to strengthen the armed forces, and for the economy he launched his bold
Five Year Plans in 1928. Though the new Soviet Union still suffered from many
economic ills and discontents, it experienced no official unemployment, and ensured
that virtually all idle hands were put to work. The Nation escaped the Depression,
and that was a marvelous boost to its prestige.” ~ A Short History of the World
Main Points of Passage:
Notes:
I. Movement towards Conflict
A. During 1930s, Japan too moved toward authoritarian government
B. Launched an aggressive program of territorial expansion in East Asia
C. Yet ironically during the 1920s, Japan seemed to move towards greater
D.
E.
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II.
A.
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democracyuniversal male suffrage in 1925
But fear of a Russian-style revolution led to Peace Preservation Law (1925),
prison sentences or even death to anyone who organized against government
But like Germany, Great Depression paved way for more authoritarianism
And huge industrial enterprises called zaibatsu dominated economy
Common featuredissatisfied states (Germany, Italy, Japan)
World War II began in Asia before it occurred in Europe
Japanese seized Manchuria in 1931; puppet state called Manchukuo
Action infuriated Western powers, prompting Japan to withdraw from
League of Nations and in 1936 to align more closely with Germany and Italy
Then a full-scale attack on heartland China in 1937
In 1940-1941, Japan extended its military operations to Indochina, Malaya,
Burma, Indonesia, and Philippines in an effort to acquire natural resources
Then Japanese attack on U.S. at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii in December 1941
In response to American oil embargo was imposed on Japan in July 1941
U.S. entered war; ended with atomic bombs; Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1945
Germany, Italy, and Japan (the Axis powers) were pitted in a single global
struggle against the U.S., Britain, and the Soviet Union (the Allies)
Germanymajor rearmament program began in 1935, then demilitarized
Rhineland invaded, then annexed Austria, then when British policy of
appeasement failed, invaded Poland  start of World War II (1939)
Nazis quickly defeated French
1941Nazis invaded Soviet UnionGerman tactic of blitzkrieg or
“lightning war”initially successful but Soviet Union vast and cold
Soviets25 million casualtiesdefeat for Germany in 1945
Impact of War
Most destructive conflict in history, with total deathsaround 60 million
Infamous Rape of Nanjing in 1937-1938, some 200,000 to 300,000 Chinese
civilians were killed and countless women were sexually assaulted
Dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Most haunting outcomes of the war was the Holocaust
“Final Solution”Auschwitz, Dachau, Bergen-Belsen, and other
concentration campssix million Jews perished
Millions more whom the Nazis deemed inferior, undesirable, or dangerous
also perished Germany’s efforts at racial purification
As the war ended, Europe was impoverished – Europe’s dominance finished
Colonies achieved independence after World War II
A further outcome of World War IIextension of the communist world
Communists, dominated by Soviet Union took power across Eastern Europe
Even more important was a communist takeover in China in 1949
United Nations (UN), established in 1945 as a successor to League of Nations
In late 1945World Bank and International Monetary Fund, to regulate
global economy, prevent another depression, stimulate economic growth
U.S.A.  New Superpower and of course, start of Cold War
Marshall Planeffort funneled into Europe some $12 billion, together with
numerous advisers and techniciansrebuild Western Europe
P. In 1951, Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and
Luxembourg created European Coal and Steel Community
Q. In 1957, six countries deepened cooperation by establishing European
Economic Community (EEC), more widely known as the Common Market,
whose members reduced tariffs and developed common trade policies
R. In 1994, the EEC was renamed the European Union (EU)
S. In 2002, twelve of its members adopted a common currency, the euro
T. Military and political alliance known as the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) in 1949
U. Parallel process in Japan, under American occupation between 1945 and
1952rebuilt, revitalized”economic miracle”democratic constitution
Complete the Review Quilt Below (Place Key Points in Each Box):
Great East Asian
Co-Prosperity
Sphere:
Zaibatsu:
Authoritarianism:
Failure of League
of Nations:
Manchukuo:
Rape of Nanjing:
U.S. Embargo:
Pearl Harbor:
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki:
Appeasement:
Hitler’s Aggression:
Holocaust:
United Nations:
Marshall Plan:
European Union:
Euro:
Questions:
 How did Japan's experience during the 1920s and 1930s resemble that of Germany,
and how did it differ?
 In what way were the origins of World War II in Asia and in Europe similar to each
other? How were they different?
 How did World War II differ from World War I?
 How was Europe able to recover from the devastation of war?
1. The term appeasement best applies to
3. The failure of collective security
which of the following episodes?
convinced Stalin to
(A) The Soviet support of the
(A) Resign all his political posts
Spanish Republic against
(B) Sign a treaty of neutrality with
Franco’s revolt in 1936
Nazi Germany
(B) Ethiopia’s resistance to Italy’s in
(C) Declare war on Nazi Germany
1935 invasion
(D) Conclude an alliance with
(C) France’s and Great Britain’s
Poland
1938 agreement with Germany
(E) Take over Czechoslovakia in an
at Munich, regarding the
effort to protest the Soviet
Sudetenland
border
(D) France’s and Britain’s
willingness to defend Poland in
4. What city experienced the worst
the fall of 1939
siege not just of World War II, but
(E) The Soviet takeover of Estonia,
of the entire modern era?
Latvia, and Lithuania in 1939
(A) Leningrad
and 1940
(B) Krakow
(C) Stalingrad
2. What was the Greater East Asian
(D) Dresden
Co-Prosperity Sphere?
(E) Nagasaki
(A) As association of British colonies
in Southeast Asia
5. If the Axis Powers had won World
(B) A Military alliance that resisted
War II, which of the following Allied
the Japanese attack on Southeast
operations would they most likely
Asia
have punished as a war crime?
(C) A Free-trade zone whose
(A) British and U.S. strategic
economic activity was disrupted
bombing of German and
by Japanese invasion
Japanese cities
(D) The name given by the Japanese
(B) The D-Day landings in
to the Asian empire they
northwestern France
conquered in the 1930s and
(C) Soviet conduct during the battle
during World War II
of Kiev
(E) The formal name of the Dutch
(D) The U.S. and British takeover of
colony of Indonesia
Sicily
(E) The sinking of Japanese aircraft
carriers by U.S. pilots at
Midway.
Thesis Statement: Comparative: Causes: World War I and World War II
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