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Timeline of the American Revolution Notes 1. Battle of Lexington and Concord Date: April 1775 Description: Colonists were hiding a large supply of gunpowder and weapons in a nearby village of Concord so the British troops decided to head there from Boston to seize them. What they did not know, was that the colonists had already been warned that they were coming and prepared to fire if fired upon. The first shot rang in Lexington, no one knowing who had fired, but shots from the British and the colonists began. After the British victory, they were off to Concord to seize the weapons, which the colonists had moved to a different location. In the end, the British ended up retreating back to Boston because they had fired on the colonists, expecting them to run, but it ended up to be the British that ran. 2. Capture of Fort Ticonderoga Date: May 1775 Description: Ethan Allen and Captain Benedict Arnold of the Connecticut militia led a small force of Green Mountain Boys to attempt to capture Fort Ticonderoga. Without any injury or incident, they succeeded. In addition, they looted the belongings of the British garrison such as cannons and other armaments. 3. Second Continental Congress meets Date: May 1775 Description: A convention of delegates from the thirteen colonies that met soon after the American Revolutionary War on May 10, 1775 in Philadelphia, PA, was known as the Second Continental Congress. This managed the colonial war effort and began moving towards independence with the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence soon afterwards on July 4th. America is what it is today because of how they raised armies, directed strategy, appointed diplomats, and made formal treaties. 4. Battle of Bunker Hill Date: June 1775 Description: When the Battle of Lexington ended, the patriot militia controlled the hills surrounding Boston so when they heard that the British were planning to attack Bunker Hill, they sent 1,600 men to set up fortifications on Breed’s Hill, which was closer to Boston. Then, General Howe led 2,600 soldiers up Breed’s Hill to attack. In the end, Americans were forced to retreat, which meant the British controlled Breed’s hill although they lost 226 men and 828 were injured. 5. Washington named Commander in Chief Date: June 1775 Description: Washington was a daring Commander in Chief and being an excellent military leader, he won victories for America by using the surprise strategy when attacking other troops and capturing different locations. 6. Battle of Quebec Date: December 1775 Description: This battle was fought on December 31st, 1775 between the Americans and British, who were defending the city, Quebec. The Americans were defeated and Richard Montgomery was killed, Benedict Arnold was wounded, and Daniel Morgan and more than 400 men were taken as prisoners. 7. British withdraw from Boston Date: March 1776 Description: The British commander, William Howe, realized he could no longer hold the town of Boston, and chose to evacuate it. This was because cannons were brought over, used to overlook Boston and its harbor, but threatening the British naval supply lifeline. 8. Declaration of Independence issued Date : July 1776 Description: The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress to state that the thirteen American colonies were no longer a part of the British empire. July 4th is celebrated each year in America to celebrate the day that the Declaration of Independence was approved by the Congress. 9. Battle of Long Island Date: August 1776 Description: In the hopes of protecting New York from the British, General Washington maneuvered his troops to Long Island. He occupied and fortified Brooklyn Heights, which was across the East River from the city. Washington had a strong position, but very inexperienced and undisciplined troops. In addition, the British had complete control of the water so both the East River and Long Island Sound were filled with British war ships. Washington only had a few row boats manned by the famous Marblehead fishermen. Therefore, they were defeated. 10. British Occupy New York Date: September 1776 Description: After defeating Washington, General Howe landed around 12,000 of his men in Lower Manhattan, and quickly gained control of New York. 11. Battle of Trenton/ Crossing the Delaware Date: December 1776 Description: Washington's crossing of the Delaware River was the first move in a planned surprise attack organized by George Washington against the Hessian forces in Trenton, New Jersey. The Battle of Trenton began when The Hessians had lowered their guard and thought they were safe from the Americans. While they were asleep, Washington's forces caught them off guard and before the Hessians could resist, they were taken prisoner. Almost two thirds of the 1,500-man garrison was captured, and only a few troops escaped across Assunpink Creek. 12. Battle of Brandywine Date: September 1777 Description: This battle was fought in the area surrounding Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania and the Brandywine River. The battle began while there was a heavy fog, helping to keep the British covered while attacking the Americans. The goal of General Howe this time, was to occupy Philadelphia. It was a victory for the British and Philadelphia, the revolutionary capital, was left undefended. 13. British occupy Philadelphia Date: September 1777 Description: The British gained victory over the Americans in the Battle of Brandywine. Therefore, General Howe and his British army had occupied Philadelphia. The British thought this would end the Revolutionary War, but it did not. 14. Battle of Saratoga Date: September-October 1777 Description: This was the turning point in the Revolutionary War. There were two battles in Saratoga, New York. During the first battle, the British lost two men for every one American casualty. During the second battle, British losses were four to one. Burgoyne, the British general, ended up surrendering. 15. Articles of Confederation issued Date: November 1777 Description: The Congress asked for the representatives to meet in Philadelphia to discuss what could be changed to improve the national government. This was because in the Articles of Confederation, there were weaknesses such as that it was hard for the Congress to pass laws since 9/13 states needed to agree before any law could be passed and that were many disputes among the states since each state regulated its own trade. 16. Encampment at Valley Forge Date: November 1777-June 1778 Description: Washington and his army encamped at Valley Forge, where they stayed for the six months following. During the Winter, 2,500 men out of 10,000 died from a variety of diseases and exposure. However, eventually, the army emerged in good order because of a training program. 17.France becomes an ally Date: May 1778 Description: The Americans needed money, military supplies, and other things if they wanted to win the war against the British so they needed to find an ally. France was perfect since they had lost the Seven Years War against the British and wanted revenge. They began secretly sending the Americans supplies and this, later on, helped them win the war. 18.Battle of Monmouth Courthouse Description: This battle was an American Revolutionary War battle that was fought on June 28, 1778 in Monmouth County, New Jersey. The Continental Army that was led by General George Washington attacked the British Army that was commanded by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton as they were exiting the Monmouth Court House. Date: June 1778 19. Fall of Savannah Date: December 1778 Description: Savannah was considered to be a key port by the British. In November 1778, Henry Clinton sent 3500 regulars and Tories against Savannah. This port was the base where the British would have access to the southern American colonies as well as the West Indies. Savannah was defended by about a thousand militia from Georgia and South Carolina. 20.Spain becomes an ally Date: July 1779 Description: Spain saw that France had allied with the Americans and thought that they had a chance of winning so they also sided with them. Plus, Spain had had forts taken away from the British in 1763 and wanted to get them back for it. 21.Siege of Charleston, SC Date: March- May 1780 Description: The Siege of Charleston was a major battle that took place towards the end of the American Revolutionary War, as the British began to shift their strategic focus towards the American Southern Colonies. After six weeks of siege, Continental Army Major, General Benjamin Lincoln, surrendered forces numbering about 5,000 to the British. It was the biggest loss of troops suffered by the Continental Army in the war. 22.Benedict Arnold's Treason is Discovered Date: September 1780 Description: Benedict Arnold was a Major General to the Continental Army and in addition, was also a Brigadier General to the British Army. When his treason was discovered by the Continental Army, he fled down the Hudson River to the British sloop-of-war Vulture, trying to avoid being captured by the forces of George Washington. 23. French and British Battle in Chesapeake Bay Date: September 1781 Description: This battle took place near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay on September 5, 1781, between the British, who were led by Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves and the French, who were led by Rear Admiral François Joseph Paul de Grasse. The battle ended up being inconclusive, but it was a major defeat for the British since it prevented the Royal Navy from reinforcing the blockaded forces of General Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia. In addition, it prevented British interference with the transport of French and Continental Army troops and provisions to Yorktown via Chesapeake Bay. Because of this, Cornwallis surrendered his army after the Battle of Yorktown. The major consequence of Cornwallis's surrender was the beginning of negotiations that eventually resulted in peace and British recognition of the independent United States of America. 24. Battle of Yorktown Date: September 1781 Description: This battle was a victory for a combination of the Continental forces, which were led by General George Washington and the French forces, which were led by the Comte de Rochambeau. While this was happening, the British Army commanded by Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis, experienced a loss. It was the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War in North America. 25. Cornwallis Surrenders Date: October 1781 Description: Lord Cornwallis’s surrender ceremony took place on October 19th, 1781. Cornwallis was absent since he claimed to be ill. With the capture of over 8,000 British soldiers, negotiations between the United States and Great Britain began, resulting in the Treaty of Paris in 1783.