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Revision Test
A.
1.
Multiple-choice
Which of the following contains the highest concentration of oxygen?
A.
pulmonary artery
B.
dorsal aorta
C.
vena cava
D.
hepatic portal vein
□
2.
Which of the following statements is correct when a blood sample is centrifuged?
A.
Blood cells are less dense than plasma.
B.
The majority of the volume is occupied by blood cells.
C.
The upper layer is termed plasma.
D.
The upper portion is transparent.
□
3.
Which of the following is mainly used for carbon dioxide transport?
A.
red blood cells
B.
white blood cells
C.
blood platelets
D.
plasma
□
4.
Which of the following blood components do not take part in body defence?
A.
red blood cells
B.
white blood cells
C.
blood platelets
D.
antibodies
□
5.
Which of the following is/are destroyed in the liver and spleen?
(1)
red blood cells
(2)
white blood cells
(3)
blood platelets
A.
(1) only
B.
(2) only
C.
(1) and (3) only
D.
(2) and (3) only
□
6.
Which of the following statements about blood vessels is incorrect?
A.
Veins are defined as blood vessels containing deoxygenated blood.
B.
Capillaries have smaller lumens than arteries.
C.
Arteries are blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart.
D.
There are valves at the base of pulmonary artery and aorta.
□
##A##
7.
Which of the following statements is correct?
A.
Cardiac muscle is under voluntary control.
B.
Pulmonary artery supplies the heart with oxygenated blood.
C.
Inferior vena cava is connected to the right ventricle.
D.
The coronary veins carry carbon dioxide and other wastes away from the cardiac muscles.
□
8.
Which of the following statements about the four heart chambers is incorrect?
A.
Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles when the ventricles relax.
B.
The cardiac muscle of the left ventricle is thicker than that of the right ventricle.
C.
Bicuspid valve is situated between the left atrium and left ventricle.
D.
Chordae tendineae separates the heart into right and left halves.
□
Directions: Questions (9) and (10) refer to the diagram below which shows a human heart.
B
A
9.
Which of the following correctly matches the structures?
Structure A
Structure B
A.
right ventricle
septum
B.
left ventricle
tricuspid valve
C.
left ventricle
semilunar valve
D.
right ventricle
bicuspid valve
□
10. What is the function of structure B?
A.
to prevent the backflow of blood into the right atrium
B.
to prevent the backflow of blood into the left atrium
B.
to prevent blood from entering the left ventricle
C.
to prevent blood from entering the right ventricle
□
11. Which of the following statements is correct?
(1)
Arteries are defined as blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood.
(2)
Pulmonary vein drains blood into the left atrium.
(3)
The left and right atria contract simultaneously.
A.
(1) only
B.
(1) and (2) only
C.
(2) and (3) only
D.
(1), (2) and (3)
□
12. Which of the following is differentially permeable?
(1)
arteries
(2)
arterioles
(3)
capillaries
(4)
venules
(5)
veins
A.
(3) only
B.
(1) and (5)
C.
(3) and (4) only
D.
(2), (3) and (4) only
□
13. Which of the following statements about lymph vessels is incorrect?
A.
Valves are present in lymph vessels.
B.
The lymph vessels drain blood back to the heart via inferior vena cava.
C.
The fat absorbed in lacteal is transported by lymph vessels.
D.
Contraction of skeletal muscles forces the lymph to flow along the lymph vessels.
□
14. Which of the following produces blood cells?
(1)
red bone marrow
(2)
yellow bone marrow
(3)
lymph nodes
(4)
spleen
A.
(1) only
B.
(4) only
C.
(1) and (2) only
D.
(3) and (4) only
□
15. Where are old red blood cells broken down?
(1)
liver
(2)
gall bladder
(3)
bone marrow
(4)
spleen
A.
(1) only
B.
(1) and (3) only
C.
(1) and (4) only
D.
(2) and (4) only
□
16. Hepatic portal vein
A.
transports deoxygenated blood from liver to the small intestines.
B.
supplies nutrients to the small intestines.
C.
contains a high concentration of glucose after a meal.
D.
contains a lot of metabolic wastes.
□
17. If the bicuspid valves fail to close fully, which of the following will happen?
A.
Some blood will flow back from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
B.
Some blood will flow back from right ventricle to right atrium.
C.
Some blood will flow back from right atrium to the vena cava.
D.
Some blood will flow back from aorta to the left ventricle.
□
18. Which of the following vessels has the largest amount of smooth muscles?
A.
aorta
B.
vena cava
C.
pulmonary artery
D.
pulmonary vein
□
19. What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?
A.
a few hours
B.
120 hours
C.
120 weeks
D.
4 months
□
20. Septum is responsible for
A.
keeping the pressure in both ventricles the same.
B.
preventing the backflow of blood.
C.
separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
D.
separating atria from ventricles.
□
21. Which of the following factors determine(s) the rate of blood flow in humans?
(1)
the nature of the blood vessels through which blood flows.
(2)
the control of the nervous system.
(3)
the amount of urea in the blood.
A.
(2) only
B.
(3) only
C.
(1) and (2) only
D.
(1) and (3) only
□
22. Which of the following blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood?
(1)
umbilical vein
(2)
pulmonary artery
(3)
hepatic portal vein
(4)
renal vein
A.
(3) and (4) only
B.
(1), (2) and (3) only
C.
(1), (2) and (4) only
D.
(2), (3) and (4) only
□
23. Which of the following descriptions are correct?
(1)
Valves can be found in some arteries.
(2)
Systemic circulation involves the transport of blood to other organs such as liver, lungs and kidneys.
(3)
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary artery is higher than that in the pulmonary vein.
A.
(1) and (2) only
B.
(1) and (3) only
C.
(2) and (3) only
D.
(1), (2) and (3) only
□
24. Which of the following difference(s) between artery and vein is/are correct?
Artery
Vein
(1)
more elastic fibres
less elastic fibres
(2)
evenly distributed throughout the body
deep inside the body
(3)
carries oxygenated blood at all time
carries deoxygenated blood at all time
A.
(1) only
B.
(2) only
C.
(1) and (2) only
D.
(2) and (3) only
□
25. Which of the following are components of normal blood plasma?
(1)
glucose
(2)
haemoglobin
(3)
hormones
A.
(1) and (2) only
B.
(1) and (3) only
C.
(2) and (3) only
D.
(1), (2) and (3)
□
26. Which of the following statements about mature red blood cells is incorrect?
A.
They have no nuclei.
B.
They cannot carry out respiration.
C.
They are formed in the bone marrow and broken down in the liver.
D.
none of the above
□
27. Which of the following statements about the functions of human blood is incorrect?
A.
It carries away the heat generated by contracting muscles.
B.
It helps in body defence.
C.
It is the only transport medium in the body.
D.
It carries carbon dioxide, urea and other metabolic wastes for excretion.
□
28. The following figure shows the structures of the valves in the heart and the associated blood vessels.
valve Z
valve W
valve Y
valve X
Which of the following correctly identifies the valves in the figure?
Tricuspid valves
Bicuspid valves
Semilunar valves
A.
W
Z
X
B.
W
X
Y
C.
X
Y
W
D.
X
W
Y
□
29. Which of the following statements about hepatic portal vein is/are incorrect?
(1)
During fasting, it carries blood with the highest concentration of glucose.
(2)
It has blood capillaries at both ends.
(3)
It carries blood that contains a lot of lipids which are transported to the liver.
A.
(1) only
B.
(2) only
C.
(3) only
D.
(1) and (3) only
□
30. Which of the following comparisons between white blood cells and red blood cells (mature) in humans is incorrect?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
A.
some of them can change their shapes
cannot change their shapes
B.
possess nuclei
do not possess nuclei
C.
produced by the lymph nodes
produced by the bone marrow
D.
help in body defence
help in carrying oxygen
31. Which of the following is not found in blood plasma?
A.
insulin
B.
urea
C.
D.
haemoglobin
carbon dioxide
□
32. The complex chemical reactions involved in the formation of a blood clot require the presence of
A.
sodium ions.
B.
potassium ions.
C.
calcium ions.
D.
magnesium ions.
□
33. Which of the following comparisons between red blood cells and phagocytes is incorrect?
Red blood cells
Phagocytes
A.
biconcave disc-shaped
irregular-shaped
B.
absence of nuclei
with nuclei
C.
fewer in number
more numerous
D.
carry oxygen
kill germs
□
34. Arteries are blood vessels which
A.
carry oxygenated blood only.
B.
have large lumens and thick walls.
C.
carry blood away from the heart.
D.
carry the blood which is free of carbon dioxide and urea.
□
35. Which of the following comparisons is incorrect?
Artery
Vein
A.
blood flows rapidly under high pressure
blood flows slowly under low pressure
B.
with thick and muscular wall
with thin and less muscular wall
C.
with no valves
with valves
D.
deeper inside the body
near the body surface
□
36. Which of the following statements about capillaries is incorrect?
A.
Their walls are one cell thick.
B.
Part of the blood leaks out from them.
C.
More oxygen diffuses from the body cells into the arterial end than into the venous end.
D.
White blood cells can pass through their walls.
□
37. A portal vein is a blood vessel which
A.
carries blood from an artery to an organ.
B.
supplies the liver with oxygenated blood.
C.
has capillaries at both ends.
D.
carries blood directly to the heart.
□
Directions: Questions (38) to (43) refer to the diagram below which shows a human heart and its main blood vessels.
38. Which of the following vessels carries deoxygenated blood at high pressure?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
8
□
39. Which of the following vessels first receives blood with nicotine when a person smokes a cigarette?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
7
□
40. Which vessel contains blood with the highest concentration of urea?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
8
□
41. Which of the following routes for the blood flowing from the lungs and then back to the lungs is correct?
A.
8 → 12 → 13 → 2 → 3 → 10 → 11 → 1
B.
3 → 10 → 11 → 1 → 8 → 12 → 13 → 2
C.
1 → 11 → 10 → 3 → 8 → 12 → 13 → 2
D.
2 → 8 → 12 → 13 → 1 → 3 → 10 → 11
□
42. What are vessels 1, 2, 3 and 8?
Vessel 1
Vessel 2
Vessel 3
Vessel 8
A.
pulmonary artery
aorta
vena cava
pulmonary vein
B.
aorta
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
vena cava
C.
aorta
pulmonary vein
vena cava
pulmonary artery
D.
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
aorta
vena cava
□
43. What are structures 4, 5, 6 and 9?
Structure 4
Structure 5
Structure 6
Structure 9
A.
bicuspid valve
semilunar valve
cardiac muscles
semilunar valve
B.
semilunar valve
tricuspid valve
cardiac muscles
bicuspid valve
C.
semilunar valve
bicuspid valve
heart tendon
tricuspid valve
D.
tricuspid valve
bicuspid valve
heart tendon
semilunar valve
□
44. The left ventricular wall is thicker than the right ventricular wall because the left side of the heart
A.
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
B.
has faster blood flow.
C.
contains more blood.
D.
has to pump blood to distant organs from the heart and the resistance is higher.
□
45. Which of the following comparisons between the blood entering and the blood leaving a large muscle which is undergoing
contraction is incorrect?
The blood entering
The blood leaving
A.
more oxygen
less oxygen
B.
less carbon dioxide
more carbon dioxide
C.
higher temperature
lower temperature
D.
more glucose
less glucose
□
Directions: Questions (46) to (48) refer to the diagram below in which the vena cava is connected to glass tube P and the
pulmonary artery is connected to glass tube Q.
A coloured liquid is poured into tube P and come out of the heart into tube Q as shown in the diagram.
46. If the ventricles are squeezed and then relaxed, what would happen to the level of the coloured liquid in tube P and Q?
Tube P
Tube Q
A.
remain unchanged
remain unchanged
B.
rise
fall
C.
fall
rise
D.
rise
rise
□
47. If the ventricles are squeezed, the liquid will not come out at vessel R. Which of the following is a reason for this?
A.
R is a vein which has valves along to avoid the backflow of the coloured liquid.
B.
R is an artery which has semilunar valves to avoid the backflow of the coloured liquid.
C.
Septum separates the heart into two parts.
D.
There are valves separating the atria and the ventricles.
□
48. Which of the following shows the correct route of blood flow?
A.
P→Q→R→S
B.
Q→P→S→R
C.
Q→S→R→P
D.
R→S→P→Q
□
49. How does the biconcave shape of red blood cells help their functioning?
(1)
It shortens the distance for the diffusion of nutrients into cells.
(2)
It increases the total surface area for diffusion of oxygen.
(3)
It makes the red blood cells easier to flow in the blood vessels.
A.
(2) only
B.
(1) and (3) only
C.
(2) and (3) only
D.
(1), (2) and (3)
□
50. What is the function of semilunar valves in aorta?
A.
to prevent large amount of blood from flowing into it
B.
to prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles when they relax
C.
to withstand the high blood pressure in the heart
D.
to prevent mixing of the blood between aorta and left atrium
□
51. Many passengers find that their feet swell after a long flight, say over 12 hours. From what you have learnt in biology, which of
the following best explains this phenomenon?
A.
Pressure of air is getting lower with the increase in atmospheric level. The decrease in atmospheric pressure makes the
tissue fluid more difficult to return to the main bloodstream.
B.
As atmospheric pressure decreases to a very low level in the plane, it is more difficult for the passengers to breathe. Less
oxygen can be carried in the blood and so the heart pumps faster. Therefore, the tissue fluid cannot return to the blood as
fast as the pumping of blood.
C.
Wearing shoes for a long period in the plane makes them feel uncomfortable and swelling of feet is a wrong perception
only.
D.
It is because the passengers sit in the seats for a long time, the tissue fluid continues to flow out but cannot be returned due
to a lack of movement.
□
52. Which of the following statements about the lymphatic system are incorrect?
(1)
Tonsils activates lymphocytes.
(2)
The subclavian veins carry the lymph into the superior vena cava.
(3)
Lymph transports the digested lipids from the small intestine into the blood.
A.
(1) only
B.
(2) only
C.
(1) and (2) only
D.
(2) and (3) only
□
The diagram below shows a certain part of the human circulatory system.
3
1
4
2
53. Which of the following sites has the highest blood pressure?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
□
Directions: Questions (54) and (55) refer to the diagram below which shows how the lymph is formed in arms.
blood capillary
from
artery
to vein
fresh
tissue
fluid
tissue
cell
lymph
vessel
lymph
lymph node
54. Which of the following substances cannot pass from X to Y?
(1)
red blood cells
(2)
white blood cells
(3)
blood platelets
(4)
plasma proteins
A.
(1) and (2) only
B.
(2) and (3) only
C.
(1), (2) and (4) only
D.
(1), (3) and (4) only
□
55. Which of the following comparisons between fresh tissue fluid and lymph is incorrect?
Fresh tissue fluid
Lymph
A.
less metabolic wastes
more metabolic wastes
B.
more oxygen
less oxygen
C.
less glucose
more glucose
D.
less carbon dioxide
more carbon dioxide
□
56. Which of the following are the functions of the lymphatic system?
(1)
to collect metabolic wastes from the tissue cells
(2)
to transport lipids from the intestinal villi to the blood
(3)
to produce antigens
(4)
to return tissue fluid to the blood
A.
(2) and (4) only
B.
(1), (2) and (3) only
C.
(1), (2) and (4) only
D.
(1), (2), (3) and (4)
□
B.
1.
Conventional questions
The following diagrams show the transverse sections of three types of blood vessels present in a man’s leg.
valves
muscles
and elastic
tissues
lumen
lumen
Vessel A
Vessel B
fibrous
tissues
Vessel C
(a)
Name vessels A, B and C.
(11/2 marks)
(b)
State two differences in composition between the blood in vessels B and C.
(2 marks)
(c)
State one function of the muscles and elastic tissue in vessel B.
(1 mark)
(d)
State one function of the valves in vessel C.
(1 mark)
2.
List any four differences between red blood cells and white blood cells.
(4 marks)
3.
Explain why in a long distance flight, some passengers sitting in the economy class suffer from swelling of feet?
(5 marks)
4.
Discuss how tissue fluid is formed and how it is returned to the circulatory system.
(7 marks)
Answers
Questions No.
Key
Question No.
Key
1.
B
31.
A
2.
C
32.
C
3.
D
33.
C
4.
A
34.
C
5.
C
35.
C
6.
A
36.
C
7.
D
37.
C
8.
D
38.
B
9.
D
39.
C
10.
B
40.
D
11.
C
41.
B
12.
A
42.
B
13.
B
43.
C
14.
A
44.
D
15.
C
45.
C
16.
C
46.
C
17.
A
47.
C
18.
A
48.
C
19.
D
49.
A
20.
C
50.
B
21.
C
51.
D
22.
D
52.
A
23.
B
53.
D
24.
A
54.
D
25.
B
55.
C
26.
B
56.
A
27.
C
57.
28.
A
58.
29.
D
59.
30.
C
60.
Conventional questions
1.
(a)
A – capillary;
B – artery;
C – vein
(1/2 mark each)
(11/2 mark)
(b)
Structure B
Structure C
Gas content
oxygenated blood
deoxygenated blood with more carbon dioxide
Amount of nutrients
more nutrients
less nutrients
(1 mark each)
(c)
(d)
(2 marks)
Elastic wall can expand and contract in accordance with the heart beat, thus transmitting the blood pressure along the
artery.
(1 mark)
to prevent the backflow of blood
(1 mark)
2.
Any four of the following: (1 mark for each comparison)
(4 marks)
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Shape
biconcave disc shape
irregular shape
Colour
red
no colour
contain haemoglobin
no haemoglobin
Nucleus
no nucleus
with nucleus
Function
carry oxygen from lungs to other body parts
body defence against disease
Number
more
less
Haemoglobin
3.
Passengers have to sit for a long time before arrival.
(1 mark)
Economy class seats are relatively cramped,
(1 mark)
passengers do not get much chance to move their legs.
(1 mark)
The limited muscle contraction considerately slows down the lymph flow draining back to the heart.
(1 mark)
Accumulation of tissue fluid causes the swelling of feet.
(1 mark)
4.
The hydrostatic pressure of blood is higher at the arterial end.
(1 mark)
The water as well as the soluble molecules pass out to form the tissue fluid.
(1 mark)
Only the larger proteins remain,
(1 mark)
thus lowering the water potential.
(1 mark)
The fluid then moves back into the venous end
(1 mark)
by osmosis.
(1 mark)
The lymph collected is drained by the lymphatic system which eventually joins with venae cavae.
(1 mark)