Download Biology 212 Practice Exam 4

Jason -- Biology 212-2 Spring 06
Biology 212 Practice Exam 4
1. Microscopic analysis of an unknown tissue sample reveals the presence of
chondrocytes, indicating that the sample is ______.
a. Bone
b. Loose connective tissue
c. Cartilage
d. Stratified columnar epithelium
e. Adipose
2. Which of the six major types of epithelium has a matrix made of rigid collagen and
calcium salts?
a. Fibrous connective
b. Cartilage
c. Bone
d. Adipose
e. Loose connective
3. The structural and functional unit of nervous tissue is the ______.
a. Neuron
b. Axon
c. Dendrite
d. Myelin
e. Nerve signal
4. Cells that secrete cartilage are called _______.
a. Lacunae
b. Osteocytes
c. Chondrocytes
d. Adipocytes
e. Stem cells
5. Ligaments connect ______ to ________.
a. Muscle … tendon
b. Tendon … tendon
c. Tendon … bone
d. Muscle … bone
e. Bone … bone
6. Which of the following are connective tissues?
a. Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood
b. Bone, blood, and skin
c. Red blood cells and neurons
d. Cartilage, bone, epithelium
e. Adipose tissue, dense loose connective tissues, and neurons
7. Bone cells are called ______.
a. Osteocytes
b. Chondrocytes
c. Neurons
d. Osteoblasts
e. Erythrocytes
8. An animal’s internal environment is ______.
a. The blood
b. The interior of compartments like the heart and stomach
c. Any place beneath the skin
d. Any fluid inside the body
e. The interstitial fluid that surrounds the cells
9. _______ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it ______.
a. Negative … tends to keep a system at a desirable “set point”
b. Negative … accentuates fluctuation and keeps the system from reaching
equilibrium
c. Positive … keeps the systems constant despite fluctuations in the external
environment
d. Positive … magnifies deviations from the “set point”
e. None of the above
10. Which of the following animals would you expect to consume food at the highest
rate.
a. Dog
b. Hummingbird
c. Human
d. Elephant
e. Eagle
11. How are neurons structurally adapted to chemically transmit impulses to neighboring
neurons?
a. Axon terminals contain neurotransmitter substances within synaptic vesicles.
b. They have numerous node of Ranvier
c. They have numerous dendrites
d. They have Schwann cells that surround axons
e. None of the above are correct
12. Which muscle group contracts when the patellar ligament is struck with a hammer
(knee-jerk reflex)
a. Biceps femoris
b. Rectus abdominis
c. External oblique
d. Hamstrings
e. Quadriceps
13. Schwann cells make up the _______.
a. Neurons
b. Nodes of Ranvier
c. Myelin sheath
d. Pia mater
e. Neurotransmitter secretory vesicles
14. Which one of the following statements is NOT true about the resting potential?
a. The neuron’s plasma membrane is much more permeable to potassium than to
sodium
b. The concentration of sodium is much higher inside the cell than outside.
c. The sodium-potassium pump plays a role in maintaining the resting potential
d. Inside the cell, the concentration of potassium is much higher than the
concentration of sodium
e. All of these are true statements
15. An action potential is _______.
a. A traveling wave of depolarization in the neuron membrane
b. A brief neutralization of the charges on sodium and potassium ions
c. A sudden increase in speed by the sodium-potassium pump
d. A sudden reversal of the sodium-potassium pump
e. None of the above
16. Threshold depolarization is of great significance in the physiology of neurons because
if threshold depolarization is not reached, ________.
a. The neuron cannot regain its resting potential
b. The action potential will be “inversed” with a flux of sodium out of the cell
rather than into it
c. Positive-feedback depolarization will not occur
d. An action potential will be reached
e. None of these choices relate to threshold depolarization
17. Which one of the following statements about the transmission across a typical
chemical synapse is not true?
a. Neurotransmitter molecules are stored in vesicles in the synaptic terminal
b. Action potentials trigger chemical changes that make the neurotransmitter
c. Vesicles containing neurotransmitter molecules diffuse to the receiving cell’s
plasma membrane
d. Neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the receiving cell’s plsma
membrane
e. The binding of the neurotransmitter molecules to receptors transmits an
impulse across a synapse.
18. Which one of the following structures is included in the peripheral nervous system
a. Medulla oblongata
b. Gray matter
c. Spinal cord
d. Taste receptors
e. Cerebral cortex
19. By definition, an ectotherm ______.
a. Is cold-blooded
b. Is warm-blooded
c. Obtains most of its heat from its environment
d. Can generate enough metabolic heat to keep its body temp. above that of its
surroundings
e. Has a body temp. that varies considerably
20. Most aquatic animals excrete ammonia, while land animals excrete urea or uric acid.
What is the most likely explanation for this difference?
a. They have different diets
b. Land animals can get the energy needed to make urea or uric acid
c. Ammonia is very toxic, and it takes lots of water to dilute it
d. Land animals cannot afford the energy need to make ammonia
e. Fish need to get rid of ammonia, but land animals need it to live.
21. In our bodies, the primary nitrogen-containing compound excreted by our kidneys is
________.
a. Uric acid
b. Amino acids
c. Ammonia
d. Urea
e. Nitrite
22. Most of our nitrogen-containing waste products are a result of _____.
a. Drug use
b. Consumption of foods high in nitrates, such as green vegetables
c. Protein metabolism
d. The body’s attempts to maintain pH homeostasis
e. Metabolism of fatty foods
23. Which one of the following is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the
bladder?
a. Loop of Henle
b. Ureter
c. Urethra
d. Uvula
e. None of these
24. In each nephron of the kidney, the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule ______.
a. Filter the blood and capture the filtrate
b. Reabsorb water into the blood
c. Break down harmful toxins and poisons
d. Reabsorb salts and nutrients
e. Refine and concentrate the urine for excretion
25. Which one of the following is not a function of the excretory system?
a. Elimination of nitrogenous wastes
b. Maintenance of the salt balance
c. Elimination of undigested foods
d. Maintenance of the water balance
e. Production of urine
26. Which one of the following substances is generally not filtered from the blood stream
by the kidneys?
a. Water
b. Plasma proteins
c. Urea
d. Glucose
e. Sodium
27. What conditions are responsible for the stimulation of the JGA.
a. An increase in blood pressure or blood volume within the heart
b. An increase in the solute concentration of the blood plasma
c. A decrease in the solute concentration of the blood plasma
d. A decrease in the blood pressure or blood volume in the afferent arteriole
e. Consumption of alcohol
28. Which of the following is filtered from the blood but not normally found in urine?
a. Water
b. Red blood cells
c. H+ ions
d. Amino acids
e. Urea
29. The filtrate formed by the nephrons in the kidney is not the same as urine. The
filtrate is first refined and concentrated by the processes of ______, forming the urine
that leaves the body.
a. Filtration and secretion
b. Reabsorption and secretion
c. Reabsorption and excretion
d. Filtration and reabsorption
e. Secretion and excretion
30. What is the function of the ascending loop of Henle?
a. It provides water for reabsorption by the interstitial fluid and capillaries
b. It loses urea to the renal medulla, helping the tissue to maintain its
concentration gradient of solutes
c. It absorbs some drugs and poisons from surrounding capillaries.
d. It helps maintain the concentration gradient of NaCl in the interstitial fluid,
thus increasing water reabsorption.
e. It collects processed filtrate from the nephrons.
31. What is the function of ADH in the body?
a. In increased concentrations of ADH, nephrons absorb water faster
b. Higher concentrations of ADH cause more water to be released from the
nephrons to be reabsorbed by the blood
c. Low levels or the absence of ADH in the blood are the brain’s response to
thirst
d. ADH is the only hormone that provides a system of control over the kidney as
an osmoregulator for urine production
e. ADH controls the rate that filtrate moves from the glomerulus into Bowman’s
capsule.
32. Every hormone _____.
a. Is a protein
b. Is produced in response to stress
c. Is under the control of the pituitary gland
d. Enters a cell and interacts with DNA
e. Acts as a signal between cells
33. In their mechanism of action, a difference between steroid and nonsteroid hormones
is that _______.
a. Steroid hormones use a second messenger
b. Nonsteroid hormones bind reversibly to DNA
c. Steroid hormones enter the nucleus of the target cell, while nonsteroid
hormones do not
d. Nonsteroid hormones cross the plasma membrane more readily thant do
steroid hormones
e. Steroid hormones are able to find their target cells more easily
34. Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
a. Pancreas adrenal gland
b. Salivary gland
c. Pituitary gland
d. Testes
35. The releasing and inhibiting hormones are produced in which organ?
a. Anterior pituitary
b. Posterior pituitary
c. Adrenal medulla
d. Hypothalamus
e. Pineal Gland
36. Antidiuretic hormone is produced in which organ?
a. Anterior pituitary
b. Posterior pituitary
c. Adrenal medulla
d. Hypothalamus
e. Pineal Gland
37. Growth hormone is produced in which organ?
a. Anterior pituitary
b. Posterior pituitary
c. Adrenal medulla
d. Hypothalamus
e. Pineal Gland