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Christianity and the Conversion of a Roman Emperor E. Napp Objective: To identify and explain significant beliefs of Christianity Do Now: Multiple-choice questions from previous lessons 1. For many indigenous (native or 4. • Analyzing the design of a Shang bronze originating in the area) religions, the pot idea of spiritual family extends far • Deciphering the writing on the Rosetta beyond the human realm including Stone (A) Trees. • Examining the fabric of a Japanese (B) Rocks. kimono (C) Animals and insects. (D) All of the above. These actions are most often performed by (1) a political scientist 2. Important community events in (2) a sociologist indigenous cultures include rites of (3) a geographer passage such as birth, naming, (4) an archaeologist puberty, marriage, and (A) Thanksgiving. 5. • Separated the cultures of Europe and (B) Divorce Asia (C) Death • Hindered, but did not prevent, invaders (D) Harvest from entering India • Terraced to increase food production in 3. Traditional Shinto taught that the South America emperor was the offspring of Amaterasu, the ___________. Which geographic feature is being described (A) Moon Goddess in these statements? (B) Sun God (1) river valleys (C) Sun Goddess (2) mountains (D) Creator (3) steppes (4) tundra Because Christianity evolved from Judaism, there are certain concepts that these two religions share. For example, both Jews and Christians subscribe to the Ten Commandments found in the Book of Exodus. In addition, prophecies of Jewish prophets contained in several books of the Old Testament stated that God would send a savior, or messiah, to the people of Israel. While Judaism clearly states that this event has not yet occurred, Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth was the Son of God, sent to redeem the world of sin. ~regentsprep.org Questions: From what religion did Christianity evolve? ______________________________ What do Jews and Christians both subscribe to? ______________________________ What do Jews believe regarding the savior or messiah? ______________________________ What do Christians believe regarding the savior or messiah? ______________________________ Cornell Notes Outline: Christianity and the Conversion of a Roman Emperor (Add Key Words and Summaries) The Key Words: The Summaries: The Notes: I. Jesus A. A Jewish teacher B. Beliefs: 1Love thy neighbor 2Turn the other cheek a) Do not respond to violence 3The kingdom of God is within C. Arrested by Romans 1Accused of encouraging rebellion 2Crucified D. Followers believe rose from the dead 1Resurrection E. Followers believe Jesus is the son of God II. Christians in the Roman Empire A. Persecution 1Persecuting for failing to worship Roman gods 2Mistreated and sometimes killed B. Emperor Constantine 1Converted to Christianity in 300s A.D. 2Allowed Christians to practice C. Eventually began the official religion of the Roman Empire 1The conversion of the Roman Empire increased the numbers of Christians in the world 2After the fall of Rome, the Germanic invaders of “barbarians” converted to Christianity Please read the passage below and answer the questions: About 2,000 years ago in the Middle East, Christianity began. Christianity is based on the beliefs and life of Jesus Christ. Jesus was a Jew born in Bethlehem. He taught the importance of forgiveness, mercy, love, and compassion for the poor. Jesus lived in the conquered Roman territory of Palestine. The Jews of Palestine longed for political freedom and believed that one day, God would send them a messiah or king to lead them to freedom. Some Jews believed that Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus grew up in Nazareth) was this messiah. Jesus preached that God loved all people equally. The Romans and some Jewish leaders feared that Jesus and his followers would rebel against Rome. Rebellion would lead to bloodshed. Eventually, one of Jesus’ followers betrayed him. The Romans crucified Jesus. According to the New Testament of the Bible, Jesus’ followers believed that God raised Jesus from the dead. His followers also taught that Jesus was the son of God and the Christos, which is the Greek word for messiah. Those who believed that Jesus had risen from the dead became known as Christians, or followers of Christ. While the first Christians were Jews, early converts preached to gentiles or non-Jews. The Romans persecuted many early Christians for refusing to worship the Roman emperor as a god. But by the 300s A.D., the Roman emperor, Constantine, converted to Christianity. By 395 A.D., Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire. Questions: Who was Jesus of Nazareth and what did he believe? ______________________________________________________________________________ Why did some leaders fear Jesus? ______________________________________________________________________________ What actions did the Romans take against Jesus? ______________________________________________________________________________ What did Christians believe about Jesus? ______________________________________________________________________________ Why did the Romans initially persecute Jesus? ______________________________________________________________________________ Why did the Roman persecutions of Christians eventually stop? ______________________________________________________________________________ Just before a crucial battle in A.D. 312 Constantine, a Roman emperor, had a dream where he was told to paint the Christian symbol on the shields of his soldiers. He did this and won the battle! He later in A.D 337 decided that in thanks he would allow the whole Empire to worship any religion freely, including Christianity. The future of Christianity was assured when Constantine converted to Christianity the Temples of the old Roman Gods were left to decline or began to be converted to new Christian churches. Questions: Explain Constantine’s religious conversion? ______________________________________________________________________________ How did Constantine’s conversion change the treatment of Christians in the Roman Empire? ______________________________________________________________________________ How did the Romans help spread Christianity? ______________________________________________________________________________ 1. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in (1) the central authority of the Pope (2) a prohibition of the consumption of pork (3) reincarnation and the Four Noble Truths (4) monotheism and ethical conduct 2. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in that they all ask their followers to (1) believe in reincarnation (2) strive for nirvana (3) follow a code of behavior (4) practice polytheism Word Bank: Torah Messiah Trinity Jesus Constantine Christian Monotheism Cultural Diffusion Resurrection Crucifixion Gospels 1. This Roman emperor saw a vision of a cross, a symbol that he then used in battle. (A) Urban II (B) Julius Caesar (C) Theodosius (D) Constantine 2. The early Christian belief that the one God has three aspects-Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is called (A) Cross. (B) Three in One. (C) Holy Eucharist. (D) Trinity.