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Christmas Revision Sheets 5th class History The History of Medicine Pompeii History of Medicine: Shaman= a witch doctor /helped the sick Hippocrates= famous Greek doctor-believed that sickness was caused within the body and not by evil spirits. Hippocratic Oath= doctors will promise to try their best to cure their patients Galen= a Greek doctor who treated Gladiators in Rome. He dissected animals to understand more about how blood flows around the body and how the heart works. Romans= discovered that death and disease was caused by dirt and disease. They built aqueducts to supply clean drinking water and sewers to remove waste safely. Middle ages= Bubonic plague/ Black Death =a disease carried by fleas that lived on rats. Symptoms of the plague= swollen glands, purple and blue buboes, red and black rashes, spots and blotches, dizziness, takes 4-7 days. Malaria= caused when bitten by a mosquito living in swampy areas in hot countries Quinine = a drug made from the bark of the cinchona tree treats malaria. Industrial Revolution took place in 18th and 19th century. Louis Pasteur= French scientist-discovered that diseases are caused by harmful bacteria/ germs. He pasteurised the milk to kill of the bacteria. Pasteurised= heating and cooling the milk kills off the harmful bacteria so that it is safe to drink, Joseph Lister= used antiseptics to prevent infections during operations. Antiseptics=liquids or creams that helps to kill germs and prevent diseases from spreading. Professor Alexander Fleming=discovered penicillin=the first antibiotic. Christmas Revision Sheets 5th class Pompeii Pompeii was an ancient Roman city, buried by a volcanic eruption. The Roman volcano god is Vulcan, and the Roman name Vulcano actually is derived from Vulcan's name. The inhabitants of Pompeii did not know that Vesuvius was a volcano, as it hadn’t erupted in 1,800 years. The inhabitants built very close to the volcano as the soil was fertile. The longer a volcano sleeps, the more deadly the eruption. There were signs that Vesuvius was beginning to stir – earthquakes, ground rising up and underground springs drying up – but the people didn’t know how to read these signs or understand what they meant. The eruption of AD 79 was very unusual, without lava or other characteristics normally associated with volcanoes. When archaeologists dug out the city, two thousand years later, they found petrified bread still in the ovens that had been baking that day. Archaeologists learned a great deal from the ruins of this ancient city because it had been so well preserved.