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WHAT SHOULD I KNOW FOR THE TEST?
Chapter 11- Introduction to Genetics
Who is considered to be the “Father of Genetics”?
What was Gregor Mendel’s contribution to our understanding of genetics?
What is the relationship between the P1, F1, and F2 generations?
What 2 laws did Mendel propose to explain how traits are inherited?
Be able to explain the difference between:
Complete dominance
And give examples of each.
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Explain the difference between:
homozygous
heterozygous
dominant
recessive
pure
hybrid
allele
trait
genetics
heredity
genotype
phenotype
What molecule found on the surface of cells is responsible for A, B,O blood types?
What would cells from each of the blood types look like?
What combinations of blood donors/recipients is safe? (Who can donate to who)
Which blood types are called the universal donor and universal recipient?
What is the difference between a MONOHYBRID and a DIHYBRID cross?
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What phenotypic inheritance patterns are seen in different kinds of crosses?
MONOHYBRID CROSSES
HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT X HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE =
100% heterozygous dominant
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HETEROZYGOUS X HETEROZYGOUS
¾ Dominant; ¼ recessive
DIHYBRID CROSSES
HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT (for 2 traits) X HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE (for 2 traits)
100% heterozygous dominant for BOTH traits
HETEROZYGOUS (for 2 traits)
X
HETEROZYGOUS (for 2 traits)
9/16 – Dominant for BOTH traits
3/16 – Dominant for trait 1; Recessive for trait 2
3/16 – Recessive for trait 1; Dominant for trait 2
1/16 – Recessive for BOTH traits
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Heterozygous individuals show a blended intermediate phenotype (Ex: Rr = pink flowers not red)
CODOMINANCE
Both traits show together side by side (Ex: AB blood type)
If given traits and parents, be able to use a Punnett square or patterns to predict the probability of
offspring for a given cross and express it as a fraction, percent, or ratio.
Understand Pedigrees:
Answer the questions using the pedigree shown for sickle cell anemia, a recessive blood type
disorder.
Male
Female
I
Parents
1
2
II
Has trait
Carries
1
gene for trait
2
3
4
5
III
1
Offspring
I, II Generations
1,2,3 Individuals
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
7
8
9 10
IV
1
2
3
4
5
6
1. How many generations are represented in the pedigree?
2. In generation I, which parent is heterozygous for the recessive allele?
3. In generation II, which individual marries an individual who is homozygous dominant?
4. In which generation does the first case of sickle cell anemia appear?
5. Which generation contains the most male carriers?
6. Can two carriers produce an individual with sickle-cell anemia?
7. Can a normal individual produce offspring with sickle-cell anemia?
8. Which parents produce two children with sickle-cell anemia?