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Botany 101 Exam II Study Guide
What do we call the process whereby the leaves on trees fall off in the fall?
What are the main tissues are found in stems and roots?
Name the type of root system that grows straight down as a thick unit, like a carrot?
Name the type of root system with many small branching roots all coming from the stem such as
those found in grass?
Plant nodules are swollen parts of the roots that contain what organisms? What word is used to
describe their relationship?
What are these organisms in the roots responsible for doing for the plants?
What type of plant growth is responsible for the increase in girth, or diameter, of plants and is
located inside the plant body?
Inside a dicot stem the central core of ground tissue is called the?
What are the three primary cell types found in plants?
What are the functions of root hairs on roots?
The places on a stem that show where a leave once was before it fell off is called a?
Herbaceous stems in dicots have their vascular tissue very well organized into bundles, in a
circular pattern. Monocots are different in that their vascular tissue is (describe it)?
Stomata on a leaf are used to regulate what processes?
What do we call the meristem that gives rise to secondary vascular tissue?
In woody plants, the wood is composed chiefly of what tissue type?
The bark of trees is composed of two primary tissue types; periderm and what else?
Roots have a special structure on the tip end of them to help them move through abrasive soil.
This part is called the?
These are openings in the bark of trunks and limbs that allow some gas exchange at the surface?
The primary photosynthetic organs of plants are?
The spines on cacti are modified versions of what plant organ?
These types of meristems are found on the growing tips of roots and shoots?
These types of meristems are found as the base of leaves and give rise to new branches, leaves or
flowers?
These types of meristems are found in monocots, such as grass, at many horizontal levels and
allow grass to grow at many sites along its length?
These types of meristems are found in woody dicots and are responsible for the increase in girth
of plants such as trees?
The mid riff of a leaf is actually a large, central?
The new leaves on the tips of a plant are generated at the apical meristem by the, or primitive
leaves?
What do we call the upper layer of ground tissue in a leaf where the cells are columnar and
tightly packed together?
Phyllotaxis is the study of?
What are the basic leaf morphologies (shapes) that leaves come in?
What do we call the region of swollen tissue, filled with water, at the base of a leaf, on the
bottom (it is responsible for some movement)?
What do we call the deep depressions along the edges in a simple leaf?
What are the very first, non-photosynthetic, embryonic leaves on a plant called?
The patterns that the vascular tissue in leaves form, like fingerprints, are called?
With the vascular tissue in a leaf, which tissue is on top of a vein (near the upper surface)?
What type of plant is adapted to very dry environments?
For stems and leaves, how many cell layers thick is the epidermis?
In a vascular bundle, which vascular tissue faces toward the outside of the plant?
In a vascular bundle, which vascular tissue faces toward the inside of the plant?
What are some examples of modified stems?
What are the functions of roots?
Unlike the apical meristems of stems, the apical meristems of roots divide and grow
(directional)?
What are the major regions of primary tissue in a mature root?
What do we collectively call the vascular tissue, pericycle and pith in a root?
What is the function of the bulk of the tissue in the cortex of a root?
What do we call the tight, waxy structure that cements cells of the endodermis together and
blocks water movement in-between the cells?
Where do new root branches form on a root? What structure gives rise to new roots?
Which lateral meristem gives rise to most of the bark, minus the secondary phloem?
What do we call the mass of dormant, nondividng cells in the center of a root apical meristem?
What do we call the wood that is dark, durable, aromatic and is no longer used by the plant for
the transport of water and nutrients, typically found at its core?
Does every tree generate one growth ring exactly for every year of growth?
What do we call the wood that is lightly colored, pale and weak, and used by the plant for the
transportation of water and nutrients?