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Chapter 12, 14 and 15 Study Guide Name ____________________________________ Answer Bank – answers may be used more than once and can be combined =============================================================================== Asteroids Astronomical unit Blackhole Blue Chromosphere Coma Comet Convective zone Core Corona Dust tail Dwarf planets Earth Eclipse Elliptical Equinox Flare Gas giants Gas tail Jupiter Kuiper belt Light-year Lunar Mars Mercury Meteors Meteorites Meteoroids Neap Tide Neptune Nova Nebula Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion Nucleus Orbit Oort cloud Parallax Penumbra Photosphere Planets Pluto Prograde Pulsar Prominence Quasar Radiative zone Red Retrograde Rings Saturn Solar Solstice Spectrum Spiral Spring tide Sun Sunspots Supernova Terrestrial Tilt Umbra Uranus Venus Yellow White 9.8 8.3 150,000,000 9,500,000,000,000 1 300,000 3,000 =============================================================================== 1. When Luna travels into the Earth’s shadow a ________________ ________________ occurs 2. The layer of the sun that emits light is called the ____________________________ 3. The orbits of the planets are ___________________________ in shape 4. The motion of an object moving around another object is called __________________ 5. The distance that light travels in one year is called a __________________________________ 6. Floating rocks in space are called ______________________ 7. or __________________________ depending upon their size. 8. Nuclear fusion on the sun occurs in the layer called the __________________________. 9. Stars and planets form in a _______________________ 10. The motion of an object spinning on it’s own axis is called ___________________________ 11. An astronomical unit (AU) is the distance from the __________________ 12. to the __________________ 13. and is ____________________________ km 14. or ______________________light minutes 15. Gravity is a force of attraction that increases as an objects ______________________ increases. 16. A space rock that lands on the Earth’s surface is called a(n) _______________________ 17. The layer of the sun that is considered to be the surface is called the _____________________ 18. The highest high tide and the lowest low tides are referred to as the ___________ ____________ 19. Large objects that orbit the Sun are called __________________ 20. The darkest part of the Earth’s shadow is called the ________________ 21. The seasons are caused by the ______________ of the Earth 22. Comets are found in the ________________________ and the _____________________ 23. The lowest high tide and the highest low tide is referred to as the ____________ ______________ 24. The 4 inner planets are called the _____________________ planets 25. A ball of ice, rock and dust orbiting the sun is called a(n) ________________________ 26. The days of the year where there are equal amounts of daylight and darkness, that are the start of Fall and Spring are called the _________________ 27. Objects that revolve around planets are called ______________ 28. The lightest part of the Earth’s shadow is called the _________________ 29. Kepler proved that the shape of the planetary orbits are _______________________ 30. If a planet is rotating counter clockwise it is said to have ______________________ rotation 31. The layer of the sun that give it its color is called the _____________________________ 32. The 4 outer planets, excluding Pluto, are called the ___________ _________________ 33. The Milky Way galaxy is this kind of galaxy ________________________ 34. The coldest stars are this color ____________________ 35. If Star A is 36 light –years away and Star B is 108 light –years away, but they both have the same apparent magnitude, Star B’s absolute magnitude is ________________ times larger than Star A’s 36. LABEL THE LAYERS OF THE SUN 37. DRAW THE PHASES OF THE MOON IN EACH CIRCLE, LABEL THE MISSING PHASE NAMES New moon Full moon 1st Quarter 3rd Quarter 38. A football shaped galaxy is called a (n)_______________________ galaxy 39. The speed of light is ____________________________ km/s 40. The source of all the energy in the solar system is the _____________________ 41. The hottest stars are this color _____________________ 42. Dark cooler areas of the Sun’s surface are called __________________ 43. A very high energy object in space that is very far away is called a _____________________ 44. Our Sun is considered to be a star of this color ______________________ 45. When a star explodes, it is said to have gone __________________ or _______________________ 46. A star that is very small and has so much gravity that electromagnetic energy cannot escape its surface is called a __________________________ 47. Stars are classified by there _________________________________ and 48. _____________________________ 49. If a star is 27.4 light –years away, the light from that star will reach us in ____________________ years. 50. A spinning neutron star is called a __________________________ star. 51. The apparent movement of stars that are closer to us than those that are farther away, when we look at them from different points in our orbit is called _____________________ 52. Star A has a magnitude of 7.3, Star B has a magnitude of 3.2, Star C has a magnitude of -2.7 and Star D has a magnitude -6.2, which star is the brightest? __________ 53. A rainbow of colors that comes from white light passing through a prism is called a ________________ 54. The days of the year that have the largest difference in the amount of daylight and darkness, that mark the beginning of summer and winter are called the __________________ 55. A small low energy star that is very old is called a ___________ _________________ 56. A very large cool star is called a ______________________________ 57. If a planet is rotating clockwise it is said to have ______________________ rotation 58. The layer of the sun that give it its color is called the _____________________________ 59. When Luna’s shadow falls on Earth’s a ________________ ________________ occurs List the nine planets in order of size from largest to smallest 60. ___________________ 61. ___________________ 62. ___________________ 63. ___________________ 64. ___________________ 65. ___________________ 66. ___________________ 67. ___________________ 68. ___________________