Download Procedure Checklist: Dress or Undress a Patient

Name:
Date:
Unit Title: Medical Mathematics
Key Words and Questions
List the characters of the Roman
numeral system.
List three ways to write a number
part.
Describe the rules for adding,
subtracting, multiplying, and
dividing fractions.
How is the denominator of a
decimal determined?
Describe the rules for adding,
subtracting, multiplying, and
dividing decimals.
Describe how to convert a
percentage to a decimal.
Describe how to convert a
percentage to a fraction.
Notes
Roman numeral system
 I=1
 V=5
 X = 10
 L = 50
 C = 100
 D = 500
 M = 1000
Whole numbers – used to count, beginning with 0, 1, 2, 3…
Number parts
 Fractions – part of a whole
o Numerator – top number shows actual number of
parts
o Denominator – bottom number shows how many
parts in whole
o Rules
 When adding/subtracting, denominators
must be same
 To multiply, multiple numerators, then
multiply denominators
 To divide, flip divisor fraction, then multiply
 Reduce fractions to lowest terms
 Decimals – fraction of a whole number whose
denominator is multiple of 10 (0.3 = 3/10)
o Rules
 To add/subtract, align decimal points
 To multiply, multiply the factors. Then count
digits to right of decimal point in factors and
place decimal point in answer that many
places
 To divide, move decimal point of divisor to
make it a whole number. Move decimal
point of dividend same number of spaces to
right. Divide as usual.
 Percentages – Whole or part of whole in terms of 100
o Rules
 To convert to decimal, move decimal point
two places to left (20% = 0.20)
 To convert to fraction, the denominator is
always 100 and the numerator is the
percentage without the percent symbol
(20% = 20/100)
Name:
Date:
Unit Title: Medical Mathematics
Key Words and Questions
What is the difference between a
ratio and a proportion?
Parallel proportion
Rounding
Averaging
Notes
Ratio – shows relationship between like values (3 to 5, 3:5, 3/5)
 Must be reduced to lowest terms (4:8 = 1:2)
Proportion – equation that shows equality between two ratios
 2:3::4:6
 To determine if a proportion is equal, the product of
means (middle numbers) is equal to the product of
extremes (outer numbers)
 Must be parallel (A:B::A:B)
Estimating – figuring out an approximate answer and judging if
it’s reasonable
 Rounding – changing numbers to nearest multiple of 10
 Averaging – number that represents a set of numbers
1. Add numbers in set to find sum
2. Divide by the number of items in set
English Measurement System – used only in United States
Volume
Weight
Length
English measurements for
volume, weight and length
Metric measurements
What prefixes are used in the
metric system?
Apothecary measurements for
weight and volume.
1 teaspoon = 60 drops
1 tablespoon = 3
teaspoons
1 ounce = 2
tablespoons
1 cup = 8 ounces
1 pint = 2 cups
1 quart = 2 pints
1 gallon = .4 quarts
1 pound = 16 ounces
1 ton = 2000 pounds
*Small to larger unit,
divide
1 foot = 12 inches
1 yard = 3 feet = 36
inches
1 mile = 5,289 feet
**Large to smaller unit,
multiply
Metric Measurement System – used in health care
Units of Measure
Prefixes
Length = meters (m)
Weight = grams (g)
Volume = liters (L)
1 milliliter = 1 cubic centimeter = 1 gram
Kilo = 1,000
Hecto = 100
Deca = 10
Base unit = 1
Deci = 0.1
Centi = 0.01
Milli = 0.001
Apothecary System – used by physician and pharmacists
Weight
Volume
1 dram = 60 grains
1 fluidram = 60 minims
1 ounce = 8 drams
1 fluidounce = 8 fluidrams
1 pound = 12 ounces
1 pint = 16 fluidounces
1 quart = 2 pints
1 gallon = 4 quarts
Name:
Date:
Unit Title: Medical Mathematics
Key Words and Questions
Weight equivalents
Notes
Weight Equivalents
English
0.03 ounce
0.15 ounce
1 ounce
1 pound
2.2 pounds
1 ton
Volume equivalents
Length equivalents
List the information needed on a
medication label.
List the information needed on a
prescription.
Volume Equivalents
English
1 drop
15 drops
1 teaspoon
1 tablespoon
1 ounce
1 pint
1 quart
1 gallon
Length Equivalents
English
0.04 inch
0.4 inch
1 inch
1 foot
1 yard
3.3 feet
0.62 mile
1 mile
Metric
1 milligram
65 milligrams
1 gram
4 grams
28.4 grams
454 grams
1 kilogram
900 kilograms
Apothecary
0.02 grain
1 grain
15 grains
1 dram
7.2 drams
1.2 pound
2.6 pounds
Metric
0.06 milliliter
1 milliliter
5 milliliters
15 milliliters
30 milliliters
500 milliliters
1 liter
4 liters
Apothecary
1 minim
15 minims
1 fluidram
4 fluidrams
1 fluidounce
1 pint
1 quart
1 gallon
Metric
1 millimeter
1 centimeter
2.5 centimeters
30 centimeters
0.9 meter
1 meter
1 kilometer
1.6 kilometer
Medication Label
1. Trade name
7. Usual dose
2. Generic name
8. Total amount enclosed
3. Manufacturer
9. Caution
4. NDC
10. Expiration date
5. Dosage strength
11. Lot or control number
6. Drug form
Prescriptions
1. Doctor’s name, address, telephone
2. Patient’s name, address
3. Date prescription written
4. Med instructions (name of med, filling directions, Sig)
5. Signature allowing generic or as-written
6. Refill instructions
7. Doctor’s registration number
8. Label checkbox
Name:
Date:
Unit Title: Medical Mathematics
Key Words and Questions
How are oral medication dosages
calculated?
Notes
Oral medication: taken by mouth; available in solid (capsules,
powders) and liquid (syrups, solutions)
Dosages calculated using proportions.
**Remember all units of measure must be the same (parallel)
Parenteral medication
How is drip rate calculated?
Temperature conversion
Time equivalents
Describe how to write PM hours
in military time.
Intake
List common intake
measurements.
Output
Parenteral medication: liquid that is injected into skin or muscle
tissue using a syringe or into a vein with an intravenous line
(IV).
Drip Rate: rate at which medication drips from IV bag into the
intravenous line
Drip Rate=(Milliliters of fluid X Drip Set)/Minutes of Infusion
Temperatures
Fahrenheit to Centigrade: °C = (°F - 32)/1.8
Centigrade to Fahrenheit: °F = (°C x 1.8) + 32
Time
1 minute = 60 seconds
1 hour = 60 minutes = 3,600 seconds
1 day = 24 hours = 1,440 minutes
1 week = 7 days = 168 hours
1 year = 52 weeks = 365 days
Military Time = 24-hour clock
AM hours: same as standard time (2:00 AM = 0200)
PM hours: add 1200 (1:00 PM = 0100 + 1200 = 1300)
Intake and Output
Intake: any fluid that goes into the body; also includes foods
that are liquid at room temperature (Jello, soup, ice cream)
Container
Intake Measurement
1 juice glass
1 coffee or tea cup
1 water glass
1 large glass
1 small bowl
1 soup bowl
120 cc or mL
120 cc or mL
180 cc or mL
240 cc or mL
120 cc or mL
2000 cc or mL
Output: any fluid released by patient (urine, drainage, emesis,
feces); measured in graduated containers or output bags as cc
or mL