Download Unit 2 Exam Everything You Need To Know

Biology Unit 2-Cells
Exam Review
…YOUR TEST HAS…
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50 Multiple Choice Questions = 50 Test Points
1 Question = Cell Theory
3 Questions = Hydrolysis
4 Questions = Dehydration Synthesis
1 Question = Endosymbiotic Theory
2 Questions = Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, Unicellular,
Multicellular
- 6 Question = Diffusion & Osmosis
- 13 Questions = Osmotic Environments
- 2 Questions = Facilitated Diffusion & Active Transport
-- Unit 1 Content You Still Need To Know -1)
2)
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8)
What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
What happens in hydrolysis reactions?
What happens with water in hydrolysis reactions?
What happens with energy in hydrolysis reactions?
Draw a picture to represent a hydrolysis reaction.
What happens with dehydration synthesis reactions?
What happens with energy in dehydration synthesis reactions?
Draw a picture to represent a dehydration synthesis reaction.
-- Types of Cells Notes -9) Define prokaryotic.
10) Define eukaryotic.
11) Define unicellular organism.
12) Define multicellular organism.
-- Plant & Animal Cells and the Endosymbiotic Theory Notes -13) What does the endosymbiotic theory state?
14) What are 4 pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory?
15) What are the 3 organelles unique to plant cells only?
16) What is the 1 organelle unique to animal cells only?
-- Cell Organelles Notes -*You will have NEW plant and animal cell diagrams on the exam!
However, if you know what they look like and where they are
positioned it will not matter!! *
17) Describe what the nucleus looks like in a diagram.
18) What is the function of the nucleus?
19) Describe what the endoplasmic reticulum looks like in a diagram.
20) What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
21) Describe what the ribosomes look like in a diagram.
22) What is the function of a ribosome?
23) Describe what the golgi body looks like in a diagram.
24) What is the function of a golgi body?
25) Describe what a lysosome looks like in a diagram.
26) What is the function of a lysosome?
27) Describe what the peroxisome looks like in a diagram.
28) What is the function of the peroxisome?
29) Describe what the cell membrane looks like in a diagram.
30) What is the function of the cell membrane?
31) What is the cell membrane made of?
32) Describe what the mitochondria look like in a diagram.
33) What is the function of mitochondria?
34) What occurs during cellular respiration?
35) Describe what the chloroplast looks like in a diagram.
36) What is the function of a chloroplast?
37) What occurs during photosynthesis?
38) Describe what the enlarged vacuole looks like in a diagram.
39) What is the function of the enlarged vacuole?
40) Describe what the cell wall looks like in a diagram.
41) What is the function of the cell wall?
-- Cell Membrane Transport Notes -42) Define diffusion.
43) Does diffusion require energy ?
44) Define osmosis.
45) Does osmosis require energy ?
46) Describe an isotonic environment.
47) Draw a picture to show an isotonic environment within a cell. Label the water molecules.
48) Describe a hypertonic environment.
49) Draw a picture to show a hypertonic environment within a cell. Label the water molecules.
50) What will happen with water in a hypertonic cell?
51) What can happen with a hypertonic cell if the water continues to move in/out?
52) Describe a hypotonic environment.
53) Draw a picture to show a hypotonic environment within a cell. Label the water molecules.
54) What will happen with water in a hypotonic cell?
55) What can happen with a hypotonic cell if the water continues to move in/out?
56) Define facilitated diffusion.
57) Does facilitated diffusion require energy?
58) Define active transport.
59) Does active transport require energy?
60) You drink a bazillion gallons of water after football practice, and your cells are swimming around in
tons of water. As a result you have way more water surrounding your cells than on the inside.
a. Draw a picture to show the dispersal of water molecules.
b. Are your cells hypo or hypertonic?
c. What direction will water move?
d. What could happen to your cells?
61) You have not drank any water in a long time and have been snacking all day. As a result you only have
water inside your cells, but almost none surrounding them.
a. Draw a picture to show the dispersal of water molecules.
b. Are your cells hypo or hypertonic?
c. What direction will water move?
d. What could happen to your cells?
Unit 2-Cells
Everything You Need To Know
--Unit 1 Content You Still Need To Know--
The Cell Theory:
o All living things are made of cells.
o The cell is the basic unit of life.
o New cells must come from pre-existing cells.
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Hydrolysis Reactions:
o The adding of water to larger polymers, in order to break them apart into smaller monomers and
release stored energy.
o Add Water
o Break Apart
o Release Stored Energy
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Dehydration Synthesis Reactions:
o The removal of water from smaller monomers, in order to bond together to form a larger
polymer, storing energy.
o Remove Water
o Bond Together
o Store Energy
--Types of Cells--
Prokaryotic = Cell without a nucleus.
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Eukaryotic = Cell with a nucleus.
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Unicellular = An organism made of just 1 single cell.
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Multicellular = An organism made of many specialized cells.
--Plant & Animal Cells and Endosymbiotic Theory--
Endosymbiotic Theory: Modern eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells living symbiotically
with one another.
o Evidence: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts…
- They have their own copy of DNA.
- They have their own cell membranes.
- They reproduce on their own.
- They can make their own proteins.
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Plant Cells Have 3 Unique Organelles: Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Enlarged Vacuole
Animal Cells Have 1 Unique Organelles: Peroxisomes
--Organelles—
You should be able to identify the following organelles in this diagram:
Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Body, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Lysosome / Peroxisome, Cell
Membrane
You should be able to identify the following organelles in this diagram:
Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Body, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Cell Membrane, Cell
Wall, Chloroplast, Enlarged Vacuole
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The Nucleus:
o Appearance: Large ball.
o Function: Stores and protects DNA.
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum:
o Appearance: Squiggly branches surrounding the nucleus.
o Function: Folds protein and assembles lipids.
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The Golgi Body:
o Appearance: Squiggly layers near the edge of the cell.
o Function: Sorts, packages and ships out molecules.
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The Mitochondrion:
o Appearance: Bean with squiggly line inside.
o Function: Cellular Respiration (Converts sugar and oxygen, into carbon dioxide—water—and
ATP.).
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The Ribosome:
o Appearance: Tiny dots.
o Function: Bond together amino acids to form proteins.
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The Cell Membrane:
o Appearance: The outside line or covering on animal cells. The inner covering on plant cells.
o Function: Control what enters and exits the cell.
o *Made of a phospholipid bilayer.
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The Lysosome:
o Appearance: Small, empty bubbles.
o Function: Digest useless cell parts and toxins.
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The Peroxisome:
o Appearance: Small, empty bubbles.
o Function: Break down hydrogen peroxide.
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The Chloroplast:
o Appearance: Bean with stacks of coins or disks inside.
o Function: Photosynthesis (Convert sunlight—carbon dioxide—water, into sugar and oxygen).
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The Cell Wall:
o Appearance: Outer line or covering on plant cells.
o Function: Provides extra structure and protection.
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The Enlarged Vacuole:
o Appearance: Giant bubble almost ½ the side of the plant cell.
o Function: Store extra water.
--Cell Membrane Transport--
Diffusion:
o The movement of particles from HIGH to LOW concentration across a gradient.
o Does NOT require energy.
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Osmosis:
o The movement of water molecules from HIGH to LOW concentration across a gradient.
o Does NOT require energy.
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Osmotic Environments:
o Isotonic = Equal concentration of water inside as outside the cell.
o Hypertonic = Higher concentration of water inside the cell, than outside.
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Higher water concentration inside
Water will move out of the cell to reach equilibrium
If it goes to far, the cell can shrivel up
o Hypotonic = Lower concentration of water inside the cell, than outside.
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Lower water concentration inside
Water will move into the cell to reach equilibrium
If it goes to far, the cell can explode
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Facilitated Diffusion:
o The assisted movement of larger molecules across a cell membrane through protein channels.
o Does NOT require energy.
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Active Transport:
o The forced movement of particles from LOW to HIGH concentration.
o Particles are forced against the gradient.
o DOES require energy.