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5th-6th LEVELED READER - CIVIL WAR UNIT
BULL RUN by PAUL FLEISCHMAN (TE)
SYNOPSIS:
There are sixteen main characters in the book, Bull Run, eight from the
North and eight from the South. Each on has some connection to the Battle
of First Bull Run/ First Manassas. They are people of differing age, gender,
color and background. Each character relates experiences in the first
person, from his/her own point of view. The result is much like a diary or
journal. The reality of the war and the impact on the lives of these people,
and of hundreds or thousands more, is brought to the reader.
ESSENTIALS:
As the leveled reader, 5th and 6th grade students will be working independent
or in small groups to do reading activities. Teacher lead discussion questions
for each chapter are available on pages
.
The main activities for students using this book are as follows:
 15 days of readings and a closure day
 Vocabulary awareness for each day with weekly Quia sites
 Questions to assess student thinking and comprehension
 Author’s Craft to highlight during reading
 Graphic Organizers to help clarify thinking
As the instructor, please take time each day to go over the material
students will be using and discussion questions.
VOCABULARY: (Numbers in parentheses represent page numbers)
Vocabulary sheets and Quia sites (one for each week) are available for each
day’s vocabulary. Teacher’s editions follow student pages.
QUESTIONS/ PREDICTIONS:
Question sheets provide students with questions from various Bloom’s
Taxonomy levels. Many sheets direct students to make predictions.
AUTHOR’S CRAFT/GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS:
Visual representations of how the ideas in the book are related to each
other and techniques the author uses to enhance readers enjoyment are
presented throughout the 16 days of this study unit.
1
BACKGROUND INFORMATION (TE)
THE CIVIL WAR
The Civil War was fought from 1861-1865. It is also known as the War between and States
and the War of Secession. The conflicts between the North and South had their beginnings
long before the firing on Fort Sumter in April 1861. The differences between the two
regions developed over generations as ways of living and thinking took on a distinctive flavor
in each section of the country.
ECONOMY
IDEAS
WAYS OF
LIFE
NORTH
Mixed including agrarian and
manufacturing
Puritan ethnic
Individualism
Individual effort
Developing small businesses
GEOGRAPHY
Cooler climate
Rocky soil favored growth of
cities
POPULATION 22 million
IDEAS ON
Favored primacy of federal rule
STATE’S
RIGHTS
POLITICS
New Republican Party emerged
SOUTH
Agrarian
Paternal
Plantation system
Plantation
Agricultural economy based on
slave labor
Warm climate
Fertile soil
9 million
Favored state’s rights
New country formed
Added to these economic concerns was the debate over the institution of slavery.
Northerners, especially the Abolitionists, believed that it was morally wrong for any human
being to own another as property. Southerners defended slavery by pointing out that slaves
were often treated better than factory workers in northern cities. The country seemed
able to live with these differences until slavery became an issue in new territories and
states. Southerners saw their power slowly eroding. When Lincoln, a northerner, became
President, eleven states seceded from the Union to form the Confederacy with Jefferson
Davis as president. Now the issue facing America was not only whether slavery should be
allowed, but also whether states could leave the Union if they disagreed with government
policy. Determined to preserve the Union, Lincoln ordered food and supplies sent to Union
soldiers at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina precipitating the conflict that was
later recognized as the start of the Civil War.
MAJOR CAUSES
_Preservation of slavery
_State’s rights
_Agricultural way of life
versus manufacturing
_Disposition of western
lands
DIFFICULTIES
_Terrain
_Poor control of troops
_Poor food and clothing
_Length of the war
_Brother vs. brother
(family against family)
RESULTS
_620,000 soldiers died
_Destruction of South
and southern way of life
_End of Slavery
_Preservation of Union
2
FIRST BATTLE OF MANASSAS – BULL RUN
The battle of Manassas (First Bull Run) occurred on July 21, 1861, in Virginia. The
Union troops referred to this battle as Bull Run, while the Confederates referred
to this battle as Manassas (Junction). Manassas was the valley that the men were
in and Bull Run was a stream running through the valley. The names are synonymous
with one another.
General Irwin McDowell, commander of the Union Army, had 35,000 troops under
his command when he proceeded on a mission to capture the Confederate capital of
Richmond, Virginia. Most of the men in McDowell’s ranks were green, which meant
that they were ill-trained and inexperienced and that none of them knew the
magnitude of the task that faced them. These troops were ninety-day volunteers
summoned by President Abraham Lincoln after the startling news of the loss of
Fort Sumter.
Facing McDowell was a Confederate force of about 22,000 men commanded by
General P.G.T. Beauregard. Beauregard held a position at an outpost called
Manassas Junction, by a stream known as Bull Run. General Joseph Johnston had
been ordered by President Jefferson Davis to take his troops to Manassas on July
17, 1861, to augment Beauregard’s troops. Johnson’s troops joined those of Thomas
Jackson at Manassas on July 20, 1861.
The biggest problems in this battle, besides Union commanders disobeying
McDowell’s orders, were the multicolored uniforms in both of the armies. These
different colors were dangerous. Since the start of the Civil War, everyone had
been in a hurry. Organization and winning were the two key points for both sides
this early in the war. Soldiers were asked by their respective sides to show up in
whatever they had and get ready to fight. This resulted in men wearing a wide
variety of different clothes which confused both sides. Soldiers happened to shoot
one another because they could not figure out what side they were on.
The Union Army lost this battle at Bull Run, but it was considered to be a wake-up
call for the Union and for President Lincoln. Lincoln realized that this was not going
to be a ninety-day war. The significance of the Battle of Manassas was that of a
learning experience. Both Lincoln and Davis knew that there was a need for much
more training and preparation. The men that had fought in the First Bull Run were
under trained and poorly disciplined. The Confederates listed 387 dead, 1582
wounded, 1312 missing. The Union listed 470 dead, 1071 wounded, 1793 missing.
(Figures vary slightly according to source.)
3
DAILY LESSON PLANS FOR BULL RUN (BR)
DAY 1
Introductory
activities
Stud. Wk. p. 5,7
TE, p. 6
DAY 2
BR Pages 1-8
Student Work,
p. 8,9
TE, p. 10
DAY 3
BR Pages 9-16
Student Work,
p. 11,12
TE, p. 13
DAY 4
BR Pages 17-24
Student Work,
p. 14,15,16
TE, p. 17,18
DAY 5
BR Pages 25-32
Student Work,
p. 19,20
TE, p. 21
DAY 6
BR Pages 33-40
Student Work,
p. 22,23
TE, p. 24
DAY 7
BR Pages 41-48
Student Work,
p. 25,26
TE, p. 27,28
DAY 8
BR Pages 49-56
Student Work,
p. 29,30,31
TE, p. 32
DAY 9
BR Pages 57-64
Student Work,
p. 33,34
TE, p. 35
DAY 10
BR Pages 65-71
Student Work,
p. 36,37
TE, p. 38
DAY 11
BR Pages 72-78
Student Work,
p. 39,40
TE, p. 41,42
DAY 12
BR Pages 79-85
Student Work,
p.43,44,45
TE, p. 46,47
DAY 13
BR Pages 86-91
Student Work,
p. 48,49
TE, p. 50
DAY 14
BR Pages 92-95
Student Work,
p. 51, 52
TE, p. 53
DAY 15
BR Pages 96-102
Student Work,
p. 54,55,56
TE, p. 57
DAY 16
Closure
Activities
Stud. Wk.
p. 58,59
TEST,pgs. 60-66
TE, pg.67
Bull Run is written with sixteen main characters, each having their own
voice. A Graphic Organizer may help students “see” the characters more
clearly. The GO on page 5 will help the student jot down important
information about each character and make predictions about what will
happen next. (Students will need four copies to cover all the characters.)
4
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER – CHARACTER CHART
Name
Northern or
Southern
Description
of character
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
Page Number:
What is
happening?
What will
happen next?
What is
happening?
What will
happen next?
What is
happening?
What will
happen next?
What is
happening?
What will
happen next?
5
ACROSS FIVE APRILS by IRENE HUNT
DAY 1 – INTRODUCTION TO BOOK (TE)
CONNECT: Have a couple of students stage a verbal argument over the rules of a
game played at recess or PE. Have them really get into it; each defending his point
of view. Each emphasizing that this could affect how the game is played for the
rest of the year. Keep it going until other classmates start to take sides.
ATTEND: Talk to the students about their feelings. Note there were classmates
animatedly for each persons view point, however, others could see both sides and
had a difficult time choosing where to stand. Explain that our classrooms are often
like a big family. Member of a family each have their own thoughts, feelings, and
ways of dealing with conflict. Especially emphasis points-of-view.
IMAGINE
“Think about a time when you disagreed with a family member or a close friend
about an important matter. Think about the issue you were disagreeing about. How
did you try to convince the other person to see your point of view? What
happened? ”
After students have had some time to think about what happened with their family,
you may wish the students to discuss what the following words mean and how they
relate :
 determination,
 opinions
 decisions
 effects on others in the family, especially younger siblings
INFORM, PRACTICE
Hand out copies of the book to the students. Ask them NOT to open the book,
ONLY look at outside for now. Have students study the cover, consider the title,
and read together the synopsis on the back. Invite students to discuss what you
have read and complete together the Book Clue Search chart (page 5). You may
wish to post predictions on chart paper.
INFORM, PRACTICE, EXTEND
As you read Bull Run together over the next four weeks, students will see many
similarities to their own families and the turmoil that affects their lives. They will
also learn more about the Civil in America, the need to allow each person to follow
their own convictions and the need for tolerance, acceptance and love.
REFINE, PERFORM
After the book is completed, a day will be given to bringing closure to this text.
Activities will help refine what has been studied and celebrate the completion of
the text.
6
BULL RUN by PAUL FLEISCHMAN
DAY 1
BOOK CLUE SEARCH
INFORMATION SOURCE
INFORMATION PROVIDED
Title
Cover
Teasers on the Cover
Reviewers’ Recommendations/
Awards Won
Teacher’s Introduction
Predictions about the book:
7
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run, – pages 1-8
www.quia.com/jg/1129367.html
1 constellations (1)
2 fuses (1)
3 caliper (1)
4 illumination (1)
5 appreciative (1)
6 allegiance (2)
7 melancholy (2)
8 discern (2)
9 scarce (2)
10 switches (3)
11 spectacles (3)
12 level (4)
13 railed (4)
14 wayfarers (5)
15 forlorn (5)
16 sovereign (6)
17 secede (6)
18 brethren (7)
19 vulnerable (7)
20 enterprise (8)
8
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run, – pages 1-8
INQUIRY
1
Why does Colonel Brattle feel
melancholy while watching shells
being fired upon Fort Sumter?
2
What news shakes Crow County,
Minnesota?
3
What impact does the news
have?
4
Why do you think Patrick Malloy
took his father’s spectacles
along when he left home?
5
What does Shem Suggs see in
the newspaper that interests
him?
6
What is offered to those who
join the Confederate cavalry?
7
Why is the meeting of Gideon
Adams and his brethren
canceled?
RESPONSE
9
Answer Key and Discussion Leads
Bull Run, – pages 1-8 (TE) (*inappropriate word on page 8)
Vocabulary
Definitions
constellations (1)- group of stars
fuses (1) – a cord leading to an
explosive that is ignited
caliper (1) – measuring instrument for
cylindrical (circular) objects
illumination (1) – lightening,
brightening
appreciative (1) – thankful, grateful
allegiance (2) – loyalty to ruler or
state
melancholy (2) – feeling thoughtful
and gently sad
discern (2) – perceive, detect
scarce (3) – rarely occurring
switches (3) – slender flexible whips
Questions
-Answers:
1) He is remembering previous battles and what shells do to the flesh
of a human body.
2) Fort Sumter had been attacked. Soldiers had surrendered.
3) A regiment of 1000 soldiers was being raised in Minnesota.
4) Answers will vary.
5) Shem sees the picture of a horse.
6) Anyone joining the cavalry will be given a horse.
7) The meeting is cancelled for fear of inviting mob violence.
Colonel Oliver Brattle: Why do you think others “brought baskets of
food to the rooftops and raised glasses in toasts…?
Lily Malloy: The Malloys hear the Reverend Bott rile against the
Rebels. His sermon’s subject is , “A Man’s worst foes are those of his
own household.” What do you think the Reverend meant.
Shem Suggs: Why do you think Shem would be interested in the horse?
Gideon Adams: Why do you think one person tells Gideon, “It’s a white
man’s war!”? What is your explanation and opinion of this remark?
What is a narrator? (The person who tells a story) Who is the
narrator of this story? The angle from which the narrator tells the
story is called the point of view. The three common points of view are:
a) First Person: Narration of the story by a character who uses
the pronoun “I” in referring to himself.
(Bull Run is written from the First Person point of view.)
b) Omniscient: The narration of a story as though by an allknowing observer who can see into the minds of all the
characters.
c) Omniscient Third Person: The narrator is all-observing, but
limits himself primarily to what one of the characters can know
and experience.
Discussion:
Thoughts
to Ponder
Discussion:
Author’s
Craft Narrator
spectacles (3) – eyeglasses
lever (4) – a rigid bar used for
leverage to move or lift a load
railed (4) – criticized harshly, berated
wayfarer (5) – travelers
forlorn (5) – inconsolable, hopeless
sovereign (6) – self-governing and not
ruled by other states
secede (6) – to make a formal
withdrawal from an alliance
brethren (7) – members of same group
vulnerable (7) – defenseless, open for
attack
enterprise (8) – a daring project that
involves confidence and initiative
10
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run, – pages 9-16
www.quia.com/jg/1129367.html
1 nonilluminators (9)
2 geysers (11)
3 naught (11)
4 disembarked (12)
5 vulgarities (12)
6 despairing (15)
7 resign (15)
8 fray (15)
9 infirmities (16)
11
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run, – pages 9-16
INQUIRY
1
Why do Flora Wheelworth’s
three daughters and their
families come to visit?
2
What do women cut off their
clothes to give to the departing
as keepsakes? Do you think
these people have a realistic view
of the war? Why or why not?
3
Why does the New York
Illustrated News send a sketch
artist to the conflict?
4
What happens to the regiment
he was with when he got to
Baltimore?
5
Why does Toby Boyce want to
join the Confederate Army?
6
What is the “miracle” that Toby
sees?
7
What does Gideon do to deceive
the Union recruiter? Why?
What manner of service does
Gideon want?
RESPONSE
12
Answer Key and Discussion Leads
Bull Run, – pages 9-16 (TE)
Vocabulary
Definitions:
nonilluminators (9)- those who did not put candles in the window to
indicate their “joy at joining the Confederacy”.
geysers (11) – jets of cold water rising into the air
naught (11) – nothing
disembarked (12) – got off transportation
vulgarities (12) – something crude or indecent
despairing (15) – hopeless, desolate
resign (15) – accept something reluctantly
fray (15) – fight, conflict , battle
infirmities (16) – any medical condition that causes a lack of
strength or vitality
QuestionsAnswers:
1) Flora’s daughters are getting their husbands ready to fight and
sending them off at the train station near their mother’s home.
2) buttons; Second question - answers will vary.
3) He is to send drawings to the newspaper, so that the readers
have views of the war as if they were there.
4) The regiment is attacked by a crowd. Baltimore is a confederate
city.
5) He was eleven years old and desperate to kill a Yankee before
the supply ran out.
6) Toby sees the recruiter open his eyes after Toby’s playing of the
fife and then hears the recruiter tell him to keep practicing.
7) He clips his hair short and wears a bigger hat to cover his curly
hair. 2nd ? – Answers will vary. 3rd ? – Gideon wants to be an
infantry soldier.
Discussion:
Thoughts to
Ponder
Flora Wheelworth: (Art Project) – Have students design buttons on
small paper plates that would be a memorable keepsake.
James Dacy: Why is Dacy unable to draw this incident? (He is too
angry.) What do you think causes his anger?
Toby Boyce: What do you think the recruiter means when he tells
Toby he has spirit, boldness, and pluck?
Gideon Adams: What is Gideon ‘s pay and the length of his
enlistment? What is your opinion of using deception to achieve a
goal? Does the end justify the means?
Discussion:
Language
Study
Colloquial language is informal speech that is typical of a particular
region. Discuss what each expression means:
1) Horses have always served me for kin. (family)
2) You’re thinking to scamper off. (Leave and join troops)
3) “You’re a knee baby yet”. (too young, small child)
13
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run, – pages 17-24
www.quia.com/jg/1129367.html
1 reveler (20)
2 regulation (21)
14
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run, – pages 17-24
INQUIRY
1
Which character sees a
locomotive for the first time in
his life?
2
What is the attitude of the
Confederate soldiers on the
train?
3
How does the attitude of the
Confederate soldiers compare
with the attitude of Gideon’s
recruiter?
4
What does Nathaniel Epp
photograph that provides a
steady income for him?
5
Why is Shem given a horse to
ride? What is the name of the
horse?
6
What are some things that make
Dietrich Herz’s regiment unique?
7
What does Herz find in the shirt
sent by the Soldiers’ Aid
Society?
RESPONSE
15
Journal – Week One
Bull Run
Write about a time when you or a good friend had to
leave the neighborhood you called home. Tell the reason
for the departure and whether the friendship withstood
the separation.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
16
Answer Key and Discussion Leads
Bull Run, – pages 17-24 (TE)
Vocabulary
Definitions:
reveler (20) – somebody enjoying a noisy party or celebration
regulation (21) - an official rule, law, or order stating how something
must be done
QuestionsAnswers:
1) Virgil Peavey.
2) They all felt that the war would soon be over, “it was as good as
won”.
3) The recruiter is from the North, the soldiers are from the South,
yet both felt that the war would end quickly with their side winning.
4) Ebb photographs a Swedish soldier who is shot during the
development of the photograph. The resultant picture is a double
photograph of the soldier standing and also falling to his death.
5) A man had just died from measles and they gave him the dead
man’s horse. The horse’s name is Greta.
6) Commands are shouted out in German, sausage and sauerkraut are
cooked in the evening. beer is drunk with each meal, and they have
finest band in camp.
7) There is a photograph of the head of a woman and a note that
states, “I fear I will take my own life.”
Discussion:
Thoughts to
Ponder
Virgil Peavey: Do these remarks made by opposing soldiers seem
realistic? What is your opinion?
Nathaniel Epp: How do you feel about Nathaniel ‘s deception of
photographing a ‘’human soul”?
Shem Suggs: Do you think Shem might have been given a horse
before others in the Company? Why or Why not?
Dietrich Herz: Why do you think the woman put these things in the
shirt?
Discussion:
Author’s
Craft Character
Ten characters are introduced in the first 24 pages of the book.
Begin to list them, identify their physical and special characteristics.
In addition to the chart on page 5, you may wish to assign one
character to a child or pair of children and complete the chart on
page 16 (or similar graphic organizer) as much as possible as the
character reappears in the book.
Page 104 in the text states what pages each character is on.
17
CHARACTER ANALYSIS SHEET
Character’s Voice
What the character says:
Character’s Voice
What the words show:
Character’s Deeds
What the character does:
Character’s Deeds
What the actions show:
Character’s Thoughts and Feelings
What the character thinks and feels:
Character’s Thoughts and Feelings
What the thoughts and feelings show:
Character’s Looks
Hair Color
Eye Color
Age
Height
Distinguishing features:
What Others Say about the Character
Character’s Looks
Similarities to me:
Differences:
What We Learn About the
Character From Them
18
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run, – pages 25-32
www.quia.com/jg/1129923.html
1 amid (25)
2 mock (25)
3 striven (25)
4 entrusted (27)
5 vile (28)
6 profiteers (28)
7 replenished (28)
8 affected (28)
9 bustle (30)
10 render (31)
11 penchant (31)
12 mayhem (31)
13 foreboding (32)
19
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run – pages 25-32
INQUIRY
1
RESPONSE
What is the task of Dr. William
Rye?
2
The doctor has a difficult task,
even before the battle. Why?
3
Patrick Malloy writes to his
family. How well-supplied are
the men from Minnesota?
4
How long does Toby practice
before leaving Grandpap to join
the regiment’s band?
5
How is Toby feeling about army
band life after five weeks?
6
Do you think Toby will stay or go
home? Why
7
What scene is seen by James
Dacy that fills him with
foreboding?
PREDICTION:
20
Answer Key and Discussion Leads
Bull Run, – pages 25-32 (TE)
Vocabulary
Definitions:
amid (25) – surrounded by things or people
mock (25) – to treat somebody with scorn or contempt
striven (25) – to try hard to achieve or get something
entrusted (27) – to give something to another to be responsible for
vile (28) – disgusting, worthless
profiteers (28) – somebody who makes excessive profits by
charging high prices for scarce, necessary, or rationed goods
replenished (28) – to restock depleted items or material
affected (28) – influenced by something or somebody
bustle (30) – to work or do something in a hurried and energetic way
render (31) – to give help or provide a service
penchant (31) – a strong liking, taste, or tendency for something
mayhem (32) – absolute chaos or severe disruption
foreboding (32) – a feeling that something bad is going to happen
Question
Answers:
1) Dr. Rye is assigned to keep the 1000 men in the North Carolina
regiment healthy.
2) This is difficult because the soldiers are infected with vermin.
Food is cooked in rancid grease, Measles, typhoid, dysentery and
diarrhea are common ailments.
3) The uniforms dissolve in the first hard rain, and the men march
with cornstalks because they have no guns.
4) Toby leaves after practicing for one week.
5) He is not comfortable with the way the men act. It is not like
the Christian life he has known and he wishes he had not left home.
6) Answers will vary.
7) Dacy sees a Union officer reading a book. The officer reads and
then practices shouting orders to the trees.
Dr. William Rye: Do you think this is the only regiment with such
problems? Why or Why not?
Lily Malloy: What do you think about the situation that Patrick has
got himself into?
Toby Boyce: What do you think Grandpap might advise Toby to do?
James Dacy: Why do you think this scene would cause Dacy to be
filled with foreboding?
Discussion:
Thoughts to
Ponder
Discussion:
Author’s
Craft – Tone
Tone is the author’s emotional attitude as presented in the story.
The author shares his characters’ mood and the moods are
reflected in the environment and in the author’s choice of details
in presenting the facts.
Help students reflect on the Tone implied by the various
characters in Bull Run.
21
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run – pages 33-40
www.quia.com/jg/1129923.html
1 skulked (33)
2 courier (34)
3 irksome (37)
4 prostrate (38)
22
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run – pages 33-40
INQUIRY
1
What incident is seen by Judah
Jenkins that causes him to join
the Confederates as a courier?
2
What is General McDowell’s most
worrisome problem that he dare
not complain of in public?
3
What does Flora Wheelworth
organize? Why?
4
What does Gideon find out about
some of the soldiers in his
company?
5
Why is it that Gideon gathers so
much personal information about
some of the men in his company?
6
Why do you think that Gideon
ends the private’s letter with
such a rude ending?
RESPONSE
23
Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE)
Bull Run – pages 33-40
(*inappropriate language page 40)
Vocabulary
Definitions:
skulked (33) – to move about quietly as for a sinister purpose
courier (34) – one who is responsible for carrying and delivering
official documents
irksome (37) – slightly annoying
prostrate (38) – to lie flat on the face
Question
Answers:
1) Judah sees Mr. Jackson, the owner of the local hotel, killed by a
Union soldier “for the crime of defending his property”.
2) Even though he had been made brigadier general in command of
an army of thirty thousand, he had seldom led more than a hundred
men.
3) Flora organized a Soldiers’ Friend League because she did not
like to be idle.
4) Gideon finds that most of the soldiers in his company are
fighting against secession, not against slavery.
5) Unlike many of the men, Gideon is able to read and write. He is
often asked to write letters for those who cannot do it for
themselves.
6) Answers will vary.
Discussion:
Thoughts to
Ponder
Judah Jenkins: What do you think the duties of a courier might be
in 1861?
General Irvin McDowell: Who would you have put in charge of the
Army of the Potomac? Why?
Flora Wheelworth: What do you think this league might be called
at the present time?
Gideon Adams: What do you think the reaction will be on the part
of the recipient of the letter that Gideon wrote for the private?
Discussion:
Author’s
CraftIrony
Irony refers to an incident that turns out to be the opposite of
what is expected.
Point out the irony or both sides feeling like the war was going to be
short and they were going to be the victors.
Point out the irony of Gideon Adam’s education in regard to others
in his troop.
24
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run – pages 41-48
www.quia.com/jg/1129923.html
1 advise (41)
2 strategy (41)
3 offensive (41)
4 defensive (41)
5 meandering (41)
6 terrain (41)
7 allure (41)
8 standards (43)
9 traipse (47)
10 rebuked (47)
25
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run – pages 41-48
INQUIRY
1
Colonel Brattle joins the staff of
what Confederate general?
What is the colonel’s role?
2
Whom does General Beauregard
compare himself to?
3
What is the mood of the troops
as they march from Washington
towards Centreville?
4
What did the men do that they
might regret later?
5
A.T. Tilbury’s regiment leaves
Washington to join the troops 25
miles away. The men travel 6
miles the first day. If they keep
that rate, how long will it take?
6
Why does slave Carlotta King
charge her plans to escape from
her master?
7
Nathaniel Epp follows the army
to Centreville. Why does the line
of men wanting to have their
portraits taken suddenly grow
longer?
RESPONSE
26
Answer Key and Discussion Leads
(TE)
Bull Run – pages 41-48
Vocabulary
Definitions:
Question
Answers:
Discussion:
Thoughts to
Ponder
Discussion:
Story Map
advice (41) – somebody’s opinion about what another person should
do
strategy (41) – a carefully devised plan of action to achieve a goal
offensive (41) – causing anger, resentment, or moral outrage
defensive (41) – designed or intended for protection or defense
meandering (41) – to follow an indirect, twisting route
terrain (41) – land or countryside crossed for military purposes
allure (41) – an highly attractive or tempting quality
standards (43) – level of quality or excellence
traipse (47) – to walk around casually or without purpose
rebuked (47) – to criticize or reprimand somebody, usually sharply
1) Colonel Brattle joins the staff of General Beauregard. He is to
advise the general on strategy.
2) General Beauregard compares himself with Napoleon.
3) Tilbury relates that the men really didn’t march, they acted
more like they were on a picnic rambled; stopping often.
4) The men weren’t accustomed to marching any distance, so they
started to lighten their packs.
5) Approximately three more days, four days total.
6) Another slave told her that those that made it to the other side
were handed back to their owners by the Yankees.
7) Some of the regiments go to Bull Run and are driven back by the
Rebels. The evacuation or the wounded makes the men realize that
they might die.
Colonel Oliver Brattle: Does Colonel Brattle agree with General
Beauregard’s comparison? Why or Why not?
A. B. Tilbury: Why do you think the men will regret later lightening
their packs?
Carlotta King: Do you think that Carlotta King received accurate
information from the other slave? Why or why not?
Nathaniel Epp: Why do you think it has taken so long for the men
to realize that they could die in this war?
A Story Map is an outline that helps you to understand and
remember the story better.
Guide students to remember details of what the story has covered
so far using a graphic organizer similar to the one found on page
30?
This would be extremely difficult for the students to do alone with
so many characters represented. You may wish to focus on one
vivid character like: Shem Suggs.
STORY MAP
27
Setting:
Characters:
Problem:
Event 1:
Event 2:
Event 3:
Event 4:
Solution or Conclusion:
28
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run – pages 49-56
www.quia.com/jg/1129923.html
1 larruped (50)
2 commissary (51)
3 squandered (51)
4 uncivilized (53)
29
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run – pages 49-56
INQUIRY
1
Virgil Peavey joins General Bee’s
brigade traveling by train. What
pact does Virgil make with his
friend Tuck?
2
Do you think this is a good pact?
Why or why not?
3
Why does General McDowell have
to revise the date of the Union’s
attack on Beauregard?
4
Does this delay have an impact
on the troop strength?
5
What does Shem promise
himself if he should live through
the war? Why?
6
At what time are the Union
troops awakened on Sunday
morning? Why? Where and
when is the first cannon ball
fired?
7
What is Flora Wheelworth doing
on Sunday morning?
RESPONSE
Journal – Week Two
30
Bull Run
Patrick Malloy learns a game called baseball. From the
brief description on page 28, describe how you think the
game was played back then (You may also do research).
How has it changed?
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___________________________________________
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___________________________________________
___________________________________________
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___________________________________________
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___________________________________________
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31
Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE)
Bull Run – pages 49-56
Vocabulary
Definitions:
larruped (50) – to beat or flog a person or animal
commissary (51) – a wagon that brought in groceries for military use
squandered (51) – to spend or use something precious in a wasteful
manner
uncivilized (53) – existing in a condition or behaving in ways that
are not socially or culturally acceptable
Question
Answers:
1) Virgil and Tuck promise to stay side by side when the fighting
begins.
2) Answers will vary.
3) He finds out that the army is out of food. He has to wait for the
commissary wagons to arrive.
4) Yes, it has an impact, because some of the men’s term of service
comes to an end before the time of the attack. The men plan to
return home.
5) Shem promises himself that he will learn to read. He wants to
finish Gulliver’s Travels.
6) The troops are awakened at two o’clock on Sunday morning. They
are going to attack the Confederate troops. The first cannon ball is
fired at Bull Run at six 0’clock in the morning.
7) She is praying.
Discussion:
Thoughts to
Ponder
Virgil Peavey: Do you think that Virgil and Tuck can keep their
promise to each other? What might happen?
General Irvin McDowell: What is your opinion of the decision made
by some of the men?
Shem Suggs: What book would you recommend to Shem? Why?
Gideon Adams: Do you think there were any civilians in the area at
the time of the first cannon fire?
Flora Wheelworth: What clues do you have that Flora Wheelworth
is a strong woman of faith?
Discussion:
Author’s
Craft Metaphor
Similes and metaphors suggest comparisons of unlike objects.
Similes use the words: like or as.
Metaphors make the comparisons without using the words: like or
as.
For example: “This war is a beast with long claws.”
Is this a simile or a metaphor? What is being compared?
Why is this more effective than saying, “War is terrible”?
32
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run, pages 57-64
www.quia.com/jg/1129924.html
1 parasols (57)
2 feigned (58)
33
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run, pages 57-64
INQUIRY
1
What does Cabman Edmund
Upwing do on Sunday morning?
2
Why do you think this battle
seems to be a spectator sport
for these people?
3
Why is Judah sent to the
battlefront?
4
Why will this be difficult for him
to do?
5
Dietrich Herz’s division is four
hours late in arriving at Bull Run.
What is the consequence of this
delay?
6
What is Toby Boyce doing on this
Sunday morning?
7
What is James Dacy doing on
this Sunday morning?
RESPONSE
34
Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE)
Bull Run, pages 57-64
Vocabulary
Definitions:
Question
Answers:
parasols (57) – an umbrella made to provide shade from the sun
feigned (58) - to make a show or pretense of something
Discussion:
Thoughts to
Ponder
Edmund Upwing: Why do you think this battle seems to be
spectator sport for these people?
Judah Jenkins: What alternatives does Judah have at this time?
Dietrich Herz: What do you think will happen to Dietrich now?
Toby Boyce & James Dacy & Flora Wheelworth: Given the
opportunity, which one of these three would you join? Why?
Discussion:
Comparison –
Civil War
Help students use the information they are learning in their social
studies classes on the Civil War to compare with the battle being
mentioned in the reading of Bull Run. .
1) He takes two congressmen and their wives to Centreville. There
they join many others to watch the battle.
2) Answers will vary.
3) He is to bring back to Confederate headquarters word on the
position of the Yankees.
4) His horse has run away.
5) The Confederates are well warned of the arrival of the Germans
and meet the division with rifle fire and artillery shells. Dietrich is
wounded.
6) Toby stays behind with the band members as the other men join
the fight.
7) James Dacy is making sketches of the battlefield Seeing
McDowell encourage his men, Dacy gets to his feet and cheers them
on.
35
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run, pages 65-71
www.quia.com/jg/1129924.html
1 utter (65)
2 brunt (65)
3 vague (65)
4 grudgingly (65)
5 lanyard (67)
6 calculated (70)
36
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run, pages 65-71
INQUIRY
1
According to Colonel Brattle,
what is the state of General
Beauregard as the battle
progresses Sunday morning?
What happens?
2
A.B. Tilbury explains that they
have six guns in their battery,
with eight men to a gun. How
many men , in total, is that?
3
What is Dr. Rye doing on this
Sunday morning?
4
What are some items that
Edmund Upwing’s passengers
have on their menu?
5
AreTuck and Virgil able to keep
their pact? Why or why not?
6
What does General Bee say of
General Jackson? (Leave out
inappropriate word.)
7
What nickname does Jackson
acquire?
RESPONSE
37
Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE)
Bull Run, pages 65-71 (*inappropriate language on 71)
utter (65) – to say or pronounce something
Vocabulary
brunt (65) – the main force or effect of something
vague (65) – not clear in meaning or intention
Definitions:
grudgingly (65) – done or given reluctantly
lanyard (67) – cord for firing a cannon
calculated (70) – carefully considered
Question
Answers:
1) General Beauregard seemed to be confused. He gave vague
orders and will not leave headquarters to investigate problems.
General Johnson becomes very aggravated and leaves the
headquarters for the battle.
2). 48 men
3) He and another doctor and their assistants are resting near a
church, a short distance from the battle, waiting on the wounded to
start coming in.
4) Virginia ham, soft shell crabs, Chesapeake Bay oysters on ice
5) No, Tuck is killed. Although he doesn’t want to leave his friend,
Virgil is forced to go into battle without Tuck.
6) General Bee accuses Jackson of staying out of the battle range
and standing like a “stone wall”.
7) “Stonewall “ Jackson.
Discussion:
Thoughts to
Ponder
Colonel Oliver Brattle: What do you imagine the remaining officers
at headquarters think of General Beauregard?
A.B. Tilbury: What kind of ammunition was used in the Civil war?
What happened when it exploded?
Dr. William Rye: How do you think the men feel as they wait?
Edmund Upwing: Why do you think these foods were on the menu?
What would you pack for a picnic lunch?
Virgil Peavey: How do you think Virgil feels about the war now?
As is true in real life, the characters in novels face many conflicts.
When two people or forces struggle over the same thing, conflict
occurs. The excitement in novels develops from the use of the
three main types of conflict: (1) person against person; (2) person
against nature or society; and (3) person against himself or herself.
Use a chart similar to the one below to help your students
remember some of the conflicts from the novel.
Discussion:
Author’s
CraftConflict
CONFLICT
DESCRIPTION
TYPE
RESOLUTION
38
VOCABULARY – Vocabulary Review
Bull Run, pages 72-77
No new words
www.quia.com/jg/1129924.html
Choose two vocabulary words from previous lessons and complete the
following attribute webs.
DEFINITION OF THE WORD:
SYNONYMS:
WORDS ASSOCIATED WITH WORD:
VOCABULARY CHOICE:
SENTENCE USING THE WORD:
DEFINITION OF THE WORD:
SYNONYMS:
ANTONYMS:
PICTURE ILLUSTRATING THE MEANING:
WORDS ASSOCIATED WITH WORD:
VOCABULARY CHOICE:
SENTENCE USING THE WORD:
ANTONYMS:
PICTURE ILLUSTRATING THE MEANING:
39
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run, pages 72-77
INQUIRY
1
What does Dietrich Herz think
of as he lies wounded upon the
grass?
2
Do you think Dietrich Herz will
ever find out the name of the
woman? Why or why not?
3
What does Carlotta mean by she
was “jump-stomached all day”?
4
Why did Gideon Adams “boil with
disappointment”?
5
How was Judah Jenkins finally
able to fulfill the orders he had
been given at General
Beauregard’s headquarters?
6
A.B. Tilbury at the cannon
notices that each blast of Union
cannon fire is returned by
Southern cannon fire. What
does this cause A.B. to wonder?
7
Why do you think A.B. and others
have been told that the
Southerners are “savages”?
RESPONSE
40
Answer Key and Discussion Leads
Bull Run, pages 72-77
(TE)
Vocabulary
Definitions:
NO NEW WORDS –
Review Activity on Quia Sites and Attribute Web – Answers will
vary.
Question
Answers:
1) He thinks of the woman in the photograph that is in his jacket
pocket. He begs her not to take her own life and to help him live.
2) Answers will vary.
3) Carlotta is nervous and anxious.
4) Why do you think that Gideon mentions that the man beside him
is shooting at a turkey?
5) He found another horse without a rider. The blood on the saddle
made his suspect the rider was dead.
6) He felt as if he had a twin on the Southern side. He wondered if
they ere really savages.
7) Answers will vary. The less human their “enemies” seemed, the
easier it was to shoot them.
Discussion:
Thoughts to
Ponder
Dietrich Herz: Why do you think that Dietrich is so involved with
this picture of a woman he does not know?
Carotta King: What kind of ammunition was used in the Civil war?
What happened when it exploded?
Gideon Adams: How do you think the men feel as they wait?
Judah Jenkins: How do we know that Judah thought his new horse’s
original rider was dead?
A.B. Tilbury: What does A.B. mean by “their artillery took our
measure”?
Discussion:
Cause/Effect
Chart
When examining the reason for events in a story, we often find
that: (a) one cause has several results, or (b) several causes lead
to the same result.
Help students understand cause/effect with a chart similar to the
one on page 42.
41
CAUSE/EFFECT CHART
Choose three characters from Bull Run and show how
they were effected by the Civil War.
CAUSE
South
secedes
from
Union
Think about why the characters act as they do. Organize
some of these reasons (causes) within the map below.
Because Charlotta King is a slave,
She secretly rejoices
that the North seems
to be winning.
42
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run, pages 79 – 85
www.quia.com/jg/1129924.html
1 duds (79)
2 gaudier (79)
3 chafed (83)
4 feverishly (84)
5 tumult (85)
43
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run – pages 79-85
INQUIRY
1
RESPONSE
Why does Shem shoot a Union
soldier?
2
How does Shem feel afterwards?
Why?
3
According to General McDowell,
what changes the course of the
battle?
4
What might have happened if
General McDowell had not paused
to regroup?
5
Why does Toby decide to go off
toward the fighting?
6
What does James Dacy do when
he sees Union soldiers fleeing
the battle scene?
7
Why do you think Dacy seems to
feel that he cannot “sit idly by”?
44
Journal – Week Three
Bull Run
Dr. Rye, Carlotta, and Gideon are somewhat distanced
from the heat of the battle early in the day. Judah is
sent to Manassas Junction to hurry General Smith’s
regiment to battle. Choose one of these four characters.
Write a short story in which the character has time to
daydream. Be sure to include the contents of their
“daydream” in your story.
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45
Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE)
Bull Run, pages 79-85
Vocabulary
Definitions:
duds (79) – articles of clothing and accessories
gaudier (79) – brightly colored or showily decorated usually to an
unpleasant degree
chafed (83) – to become sore or worn by rubbing
feverishly (84) – showing agitation, excitement, or restlessness
tumult (85) – a violent or noisy commotion
Question
Answers:
1) The Union soldier aims his bayonet at Shem’s horse and Shem
shoots him without thinking.
2) He felt shaky and ashamed of his actions. If the man dies, his
children will be orphans, just like Shem himself.
3) General McDowell pauses to re-form his line of attack. General
Beauregard uses this time to shift more men west. From then on,
the battle goes to the Confederacy.
4) Answers will vary.
5) Toby thinks that the older Georgia boys will come home with
souvenirs of the war and will know all about what happened and he
will not.
6) Dacy runs toward the men with a New York banner that he has
found. He urges the men to rally. They do not.
7) Answers will vary.
Discussion:
Thoughts to
Ponder
Shem Syggs: Do you think Shem would feel the same way if he,
himself, were not an orphan?
General Irvin McDowell: What do you think General McDowell will
do now?
Toby Boyce: What is your opinion of Toby’s reasons for going to the
battle?
James Dacy: What do you think Darcy will do next?
Discussion:
Author’s
Craft - Plot
Plot is the author’s way of presenting the important events of a
story.
Visualizing the plot of a story helps the students develop knowledge
of text structure, improve comprehension, help with retelling the
story in summary fashion, and enhances students’ knowledge of the
art of composing a good story.
Plot usually consists of an initial conflict, rising action, climax,
falling action, and resolution.
Using the form on page 47 or your own more realistically drawn
mountain, help students plot the story thus far, or concentrate on
the plot for character only.
46
PLOT DIAGRAM MOUNTAIN
Climax
Rising Action
Initiating Conflict
Falling Action
Resolution
47
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run, pages 86 - 91
www.quia.com/jg/1131784.html
1 heartened (86)
2 resolve (86)
3 rout (86)
48
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run – pages 86-91
INQUIRY
1
Does Colonel Brattle see a
changed General Beauregard
when they ride into battle?
Explain your answer.
2
Do you think the colonel is
surprised by the change in the
general? Why or why not?
3
Who drags vehicles off the road
so the retreating civilians and
soldiers can get to Washington?
What is predicted of him?
4
Do you think the rediction will
come true? Explain.
5
What decision does Carlotta
make as she sets off to find her
wounded master?
6
What is happening around him
when Dietrich Herz comes to his
senses?
7
What happens when Dietrich
asks for help?
RESPONSE
49
Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE)
Bill Run, pages 86-91
Vocabulary
Definitions:
heartened (86) – to make somebody feel more cheerful and hopeful
resolve (86) – to come to a firm decision
rout (86) – a swift and disorderly retreat by a defeated army
Question
Answers:
1) Yes. The general does much to hearten the men in the ranks, he
fits in new arrivals, shores up their resolve, and leads an attack.
2) Answers will vary.
3) A young officer named Custer clears the raod and everyone
predicts he was destined for greatness.
4) Answers will vary.
5) Carlotta decides to go north.
6) Dietrich hears two plunderers taking knives, watches, etc. off
the dead bodies on the battlefield.
7) The men run away.
Discussion:
Thoughts
to Ponder
Colonel Oliver Brattle: What do you think caused the change in
General Beauregard?
Edmund Upwing: What do you know about General Custer?
Carlotta King: Do you think Carlotta is making a wise decision? Why
or why not?
Dietrich Herz: Why do you think the men are taking things from
the bodies? What do you think of someone who would do this?
Art Activity
Each of the characters in the story has a picture that identifies
that character.
Give students the opportunity to make a picture of something that
identifies them. Remind them to include their initials in the picture.
Have students share what is significant about what they have
pictured.
50
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run, pages 92-95
www.quia.com/jg/1131784.html
1 baffled (93)
51
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run – pages 92-95
INQUIRY
1
What excuses does Shem give
for the Confederate troops not
marching upon Washington?
2
What dead and wounded does
Shem care for?
3
Is Nathaiel Epp worried about
the retreat of the Union
soldiers? Why or why not?
4
Does he seem to think he faces
no danger at all from the Union
and Confederate troops? What
attributes would you add to his
character web now?
5
To what does Dr. Rye attribute
the vidtory of the battle?
6
What is Gideon’s attitude as the
Union army retreats?
7
Is this the general attitude of
the men in Gideon’s regiment?
Why or why not?
RESPONSE
52
Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE)
Bull Run, pages 92-95
Vocabulary
Definitions:
Question
Answers:
baffled (93) – puzzled, confused
Discussion:
Thoughts
to Ponder
Shem Suggs: Were you surprised to find out that Shem was taking
care of dead or wounded horses, why or why not?
Nathaniel Epp: Do you think that Nathaniel is being realistic in his
attitude? Why or why not?
Dr. William Rye: What do you think Dr. Rye means? (See
Revelation 5,6)
Gideon Adams: Why do you think Gideon feels as he does?
Discussion:
Character
Attributes
Finish up character maps as each character has concluding page.
Refer to page 104 in text to find ending excerpt pages for each
character.
1) The Confederate troops are too hungry and too weary to march
on Washington.
2) Shem takes care of the dead and wounded horses.
3)No he not worried, he figures that the Confederate soldiers will
want to have their pictures made.
4) Answers will vary. He considers himself neutral, therefore in no
danger. Profiteer, greedy, clueless
5) Dr. Rye attributes the victory to “Death upon his pale horse”.
6) Gideon is angry and determined to join a three-year regiment.
He does not want to return to Ohio until the Union has won.
7) No, Answers will vary.
You may also wish to assign one character per child for concluding
thoughts.
53
VOCABULARY –
Bull Run, pages 96-102
www.quia.com/jg/1131784.html
1 solicitude (99)
2 smug (101)
3 fancied (102)
54
Questions & Quotes
Bull Run – pages 96-102
INQUIRY
1
What does Toby find on the
battlefield for a souvenir?
2
What does Toby do after he
finds his souvenir?
3
Toby’s one wish before entering
the war was to kill a Yankee.
Does he get his wish? Why or
why not?
4
How do the passengers in
Edmund Upwing’s cab feel about
the Union soldiers and others
associated with the war?
5
What does Flora Wheelworth’s
home become after the battle?
6
Who is one of the patients? How
do you know?
7
What news do the Malloys
receive regarding Patrick? How
does Lily react to the news?
RESPONSE
55
Journal – Week Four
Bull Run –
What is your opinion of the way the author has set up the
story and the characters ? Do the characters seem real
to you? Are they realistic in their thinking and acting?
Are their reactions to people and problems what you
would expect? Which story character can you identify
with the most? Why?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
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56
Answer Key and Discussion Leads
Bull Run, pages 96-102
(TE)
Vocabulary
Definitions:
solicitude (99) – concern or consideration
smug (101) – conceited and self-satisfied
fancied (102) – to be inclined to think that something is the case
Question
Answers:
1) Toby finds a knife and takes it.
2) Toby starts to look for additional souvenirs.
3) A badly wounded Yankee soldier asks Toby to kill him. Toby
does not do it. Instead, he starts running for home.
4) They spoke harshly against the soldiers, the officers, the
profiteers, the press, the generals and the President.
5) Flora’s home becomes a hospital.
6) Dietrich Herz, Flora relates that one patient is a Union soldier,
German, who will not part with a photograph of a woman.
7) The Malloys receive a letter from Patrick’s captain, informing
them of Patrick’s death in battle. When Lily reads the letter she
runs through the wheat field, then falls to the ground and cries.
She later wonders if Patrick can hear her as she talks with him “all
the long way home”
Discussion:
Thoughts
to Ponder
Toby Boyce: Is Toby any different from the plunderers seen by
Dietrich? What do you think Toby’s chances are for arriving home
safely?
Edmund Upwing: Why do you think Upwing’s passengers have this
reaction?
Flora Wheelworth: How do Flora and her servants treat the
soldiers? What is your opinion of Flora?
Lily Malloy: Would you be able to answer Lily’s question about
whether her brother could hear her or not? Who does hear Lily
and can give her comfort.
Discussion:
Personal
Opinion





What is your opinion of the ending of the novel?
Do you feel that all of the issues raised by the author were
resolved? Explain
Would you want to change something about this story?
Elaborate.
Would you recommend this novel to others? Why or why
not?
Theme (the novel’s central idea): What is the author’s
message? - Why do you think the author wrote this story?
- What do you think is the most important thing to
remember about this story? Why
57
Concluding Activities
Bull Run
Choose an activity or activities as indicated by
your teacher.
1. Complete the Novel Test (pages 60-66)
2. Summarize the story by making a collage of key characters,
pictures or symbols, and important words.
3. Create an illustrated time line on which you mark the key
events of the story.
4. Read some of the poems written by Walt Whitman during
the Cilvil War. Write a poem of your own in the same free
non-rhyming style about the battle of Bull Run.
5. What did you learn about the Civil War that you did not
know before reading this novel? Write three paragraphs to
share this information.
6. Select one character from the novel and write a short
epilogue to the story from that character’s point of view.
You could also choose to write a skit to enact for the class.
7. Using a diagram similar to the one found on page 59, write
down free-associate thoughts about the novel after you
have finished it.
58
Setting
Point of
View
Characters
BULL
RUN
Possible
Themes
Conflicts
Author’s
Style and
Tone
BULL RUN
NOVEL TEST
59
PART 1: TRUE OR FALSE
Label each statement T for True and F for False. If a statement is false,
change it to make it true.
1
General McDowell commands the Confederate troops at Bull Run.
2
Natheniel Epp makes a profit from the Union and Confederate
soldiers.
3
General Beauregard is the hero of Fort Sumter.
4
General Beauregard heeds the advice of Colonel Brattle.
5
Toby Boyce plays the drums in an army band.
6
Coachman Upwing drives civilians to view the First Battle of Bull
Run.
7
The Zouaves are soldiers from Europe fighting for the Union.
8
Many Confederate soldiers bring their slaves with them to the
battlefront.
9
Some of the Southern women organize a Soldiers’ Friend League.
10
At times, some of the Confederate soldiers wear blue uniforms.
11
This is the battle in which Thomas Jackson gets the name
“Stonewall”.
12
Jefferson Davis is the President of the Union at this time.
13
Many Union soldiers volunteer for ninety days of service.
14
The Union army bands often play the song “Dixie”.
15
Many Union soldiers learn to play baseball at this time.
BULL RUN -- PART 2: MATCHING
Find a character mentioned on the left who matches the description on the
right. Write the letter of the character next to the matching number.
Each character is to be used only once.
60
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
General
McDowell
Nathaniel
Epp
Dietrich
Herz
Toby
Boyce
Colonel
Brattle
Shem
Suggs
Doctor
Rye
Lily
Malloy
James
Dacy
Carlotta
King
1
He joins General Beauregard’s staff to
advise him.
2
He tries to save lives rather than to
take them.
3
Her brother is killed in the First Battle
of Bull Run.
4
He is a sketch artist for the New York
Illustrated News.
5
He is in command of the Union troops
without a reliable map of Virginia.
6
Although only eleven years old, he wants
to play the fife in the army band.
7
Nearly all of his Union regiment is
German.
8
She is a slave, brought to the
battlefield by her master.
9
He joins the Confederate because he is
promised a horse.
10
He makes a profit by taking photographs
of soldiers a twenty cents apiece.
Choose one of the characters. Write a description of that character. Give
your opinion of that character.
61
BULL RUN -- PART 3: MULTIPLE CHOICE
To the left of each item number, write the number of the BEST response.
1
The Battle of Bull Run takes place in what state of the U.S.?
A. Virginia
B. South Carolina
C. Maryland
D. New York
2
Who is the commander of the Union troops at this battle?
A. General Beauregard
B. General Custer
C. General McDowell
D. General Jackson
3
Who is the commander of the Confederate troops at this
battle?
A. General Custer
B. General Burnside
C. General Sherman
D. General Beauregard
4
In what year does the First Battle of Bull takes place?
A. 1865
B. 1861
C. 1863
D. 1862
5
Who is the President of the Confederate States at this time?
A. Abraham Lincoln
B. Jefferson Davis
C. George Custer
D. Robert E. Lee
62
BULL RUN -- PART 3: MULTIPLE CHOICE (CONT.)
6
What does Patrick Malloy take from home when he leaves?
A. His father’s gun
B. His father’s knife
C. His father’s spectacles
D. His father’s shoes
7
Why does Shem walk to Virginia to join the Confederacy?
A. newspaper ad said he’d gat a horse
B. newspaper ad said he’d get thirty dollars
C. newspaper ad said he’d get a free gun
D. newspaper ad said he’d get a pair of boots
8
How old is Toby Boyce at the time of the battle?
A. eighteen
B. twenty
C. seventeen
D. eleven
9
How much does Nathaniel Epp charge for each portrait taken?
A. one dollar
B. twenty cents
C. three dollars
D. fifty cents
10
McDowell lacks what kind of reliable map for the battle?
A. map of Maryland
B. map of Richmond
C. map of Virginia
D. map of Washington, D.C.
11
What does Flora Wheelworth organize?
A. Soldiers’ Friend League
B. American Legion
C. Veterans of Foreign Wars
D. American Red Cross
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BULL RUN -- PART 3: MULTIPLE CHOICE (CONT.)
12
What does a Union infantry soldier get paid per month in 1861?
A. fifty dollars
B. one hundred dollars
C. twenty-five dollars
D. thirteen dollars
13
Where do the members of the Zouaves come from
A. Germany
B. Poland
C. New York
D. France
14
Shem Suggs wants to learn to read so that he can finish what
story?
A. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
B. Gulliver’s Travels
C. The House of Seven Gables
D. Moby Dick
15
What general is likened to a stone wall in this battle?
A. General Irvin McDowell
B. General George Custer
C. General Thomas Jackson
D. General Jeb Stuart
16
What is Bull Run?
A. A stream
B. A town
C. A mountain
D. A railroad station
17
What train depot is near the battlefield?
A. Richmond
B. Centreville
C. Alexandria
D. Manassas Junction
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BULL RUN -- PART 3: MULTIPLE CHOICE (CONT.)
18
Who is Shem Suggs’ cavalry colonel?
A. George McClellan
B. George Custer
C. Jeb Stuart
D. Robert E Lee
19
Before his death, who heads the Zouaves?
A. Colonel Ellsworth
B. General Johnston
C. Colonel Brattle
D. General Custer
20
Who arrives by train to see the Union collapse?
A. Jefferson Davis
B. Abraham Lincoln
C. Robert E. Lee
D. Winfield Scott
65
Bull Run – Part 4: Short Answers
The last section of the test requires written responses. Select two of the
following to write about. Circle the letters of the two that you select.
Please write your responses on separate sheets of paper and attach them to
the test. Be sure to label them with your name and the correct letters form
each section that you have chosen to address.
PART 4: SHORT ANSWERS
A. A.B. Tilbury asks himself “why soldiering was praised up as something
to be proud of”. What would you say to him if he questioned you about
this?
B. Nathaniel Epp, the photographer, watches the Union soldiers flee, and
then takes a stroll. He decides that “The Rebels who were coming
would be anxious to have their pictures made”. Do you think Mr. Epp
makes a wise decision? Why or why not? What is your opinion of Mr.
Epp?
C. Carlotta King is brought to the battlefield by her master. She wants
to bolt and to go north to freedom. However, Carlotta is told by
another slave that runaways found by Yankees are returned to their
owners. What is your opinion of this situation? What decision does
Carlotta?
D. Coachman Edmund Upwing is hired to take two congressmen and their
wives to view the First Battle of Bull Run. Upon arrival near
Centreville, the coachman observes, “Every last horse and buggy for
hire in Washington seemed to be there”. Why do you think there was
such a crowd of observers? What is your opinion of the decision made
by these people to be near the battlefield? Explain.
66
Answer Key for Novel Test
Bull Run
Part 1: True or False
1-F (Union); 2-T; 3-T; 4-F (does not heed); 5-F (fife); 6-T; 7-F (New
York); 8-T; 9-T; 10-T; 11-T; 12-F (confederacy); 13-T; 14-F
(confederate); 15-T
Part 2: Matching
1-E; 2-G; 3-H; 4-I; 5-A; 6-D; 7-C; 8-J; 9-F; 10-B; Answers will vary on
last part
Part 3: Multiple Choice
1-A; 2-C; 3-D; 4-B; 5-B; 6-C; 7-A; 8-D; 9-B; 10-C, 11-A;
12-D; 13-C; 14-B; 15-C; 16-A; 17-D; 18-C; 19-A; 20-A
Part 4 & 5: Short Answers
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answers
Answers
Answers
Answers
will vary.
will vary.
will vary.
will vary.
67