Download Geography Nature and Perspectives

● PLACE: UNIQUE LOCATION OF A FEATURE
1. Define toponym and use it in a sentence (2 pts) : The name given to a portion of Earth’s surface.
2. Identify four ways in which places can receive names (4 pts)
a) For a person, like George Washington.
b) Places named are associated with religion. St. Louis or St. Paul
c) Origin of its settlers – Harlem (New York first was New Amsterdam) Outside Amsterdam is city of Harlem
d) Picturesque names by gold miners – Eureka, Gold Point, Silver Peak
e) Disasters – Battle Mountain, Massacre Lake, Quake Lake
f) Features of the Environment
3. Identify three reasons for which places sometimes change names (3 pts)
a) Political Upheavels
b) Famous person
c) Names that bring attention to a place.
4. Define site and use it in a sentence (2 pts): The physical character of a place.
5. List at least 5 site characteristics (5 pts).
Climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, latitude, and elevation.
6. Complete the following sentence about site (1 pt.):
Human actions can __modify_______ the characteristics of a site.
7. Define situation (2 pts): The location of a place relative to other places.
8. What role do familiar places have understanding situation of unfamiliar places?( 2 pts)
Situation helps us find an unfamiliar place by comparing its location with a familiar one.
An Example. To get to the Theatre from Westlake High you will turn left out of the parking lot take a left at the first stop light, a right
at the next stop light. You will follow this road all the way until you come to the American Fork light where you will see Zupas and
car dealership on right and target on the left, Turn left at this light, go through the first stop sign then make a left. Follow this road
until you see the theatre parking lot straight ahead.
9. What place is designated as 0 degrees longitude? ( 1 pt)
Greenwich, England
10. What is the name for the line drawn at 0 degrees longitude? (1 pt.)
Prime Meridian
11a. How is a degree of longitude or latitude further subdivided? (2 pts)
Longitude is divided East and West
Lattitude is divided North and South
Each degree is further divided into 60 minutes (“) and each minute into 60 seconds (‘)
11b. Give an example.
Denver Colorado is 39
12. How many degrees of longitude do you need to travel across to pass through one “hour” of time (or one time zone)?
15
13. How many time zones are there?
24
14. What is the longitude of the International Date Line?
180°
• Draw the Prime Meridian and International Date Line.
• Shade and label all countries (or regions) which use non-standard time zones.
• Label the country which has forced the 3000 mile deviation of the Prime Meridian.
● REGIONS: AREAS OF UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
16. A region is an area of Earth defined by one or more characteristics. A region derives its unified character through the cultural
landscape – a combination of 6 cultural features:
a) Formal Region: Uniform or homogenous region, where everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics. The
shared feature could be a cultural value like a common language, an economic activity like production of a particular crop, or
environmental property such as climate. Always remember the diversity of formal regions in their cultural, economic and
environmental factors, while making generalizations.
b) Functional Region – Also called a nodal region, is an area organized around a node or focal point. Functional regions display
information about economic areas. The node or focal point may be a shop or service, the boundaries of the region mark the limits of
the trading area of the activity. An example of a functional region is the circulation area of a newspaper. The boundary of circulation
takes place when between two cities the circulation of the newspaper from the second city equals the circulation of the original
newspaper. Other examples of functional regions include the reception area of a television station and the trading area of a department
store. New technology is breaking down traditional functional regions through nationwide delivery of newspapers such as USA
Today, the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times.
c) Vernacular Region: A vernacular region or perceptual region, is a place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.
A useful way of identifying perceptual region is through mental maps, which is an internal representation of a portion of Earth’s
surface. The South is a good example of a vernacular region. Economically the South is a region of high cotton production and low
high school graduation rates. Culturally the South includes the states that joined the confederacy during the Civil War and where
Baptist is the most prevalent religion. Environmentally, the South is a region where the last winter frost occurs in March, and rainfall
is more plentiful in winter than in summer.
d)
e)
f)
17. One contemporary (current) approach to studying the cultural landscape is called the regional studies approach. What do
geographers who adopt this view believe regarding regions? These geographers believe that each region has its own distinctive
landscape that results from a unique combination of social relationships and physical processes. Within a region the people, activities,
and environment will display similarities and regularities within a region and differ in some way from those of other regions.
18. Geographers using the regional studies approach argue that that distinctive landscapes of different regions result from what two
things?
a.Social relationships
b. Physical Processes
19. Complete the chart below which details types of regions identified by geographers.
20. How does a geographer conclude that two (or more) phenomena are “spatially associated,” that is, that they bear some sort of
cause and effect relationship? Because factors with similar distribution have spatial association. At the national scale – Geographers
must take a look at distribution of industry, environmental distribution (winds and water ways), socioeconomic areas.
At the State level Geographers may look at a combination of economic, cultural, and environmental factors.
At the Urban Scale a combination economic, cultural and environmental factors may form a spatial association with the area of
distrubtuion.
21. Prepare a bullet chart about the word CULTURE
 What people care about; ideas, beliefs, values and customs.
 What people take care of (their ways of earning a living, obtaining food, clothing and shelter).
22. Very carefully define the following terms:
a. Cultural Ecology- The geographic study of human-environment relationships.
b. Environmental Determinism – How the human environment caused social development
c. Possiblism – When the physical environment may limit some human actions. Ex. The climate of any location influences human
activities, especially food production.
Cultural ecology or study of human environment can explain many global issues. Ex When the number of people exceeds the
capacity of the physical environment to produce food (this is an issue in Africa).
23. How many major types of climates do geographers identify? 5, Trobical, Dry (Arid), Warm Mid-Latitude, cold Mid Latitude and
Polar.
24. In what major way does climate influence human activities? (Give an example.)
Environment (heating and air conditioning). Humans have limited tolerance for extreme termperature and precipitation levels so they
avoid living in places that are too hot, too cold, too wet, or too dry. Climate also influences human activities, especially food
production.
25. List the four major biomes, or major plant communities, found naturally on earth.
a) Forest Biome – trees form a continuous canopy over the ground, grasses and shrubs grow beneath the cover. Forest Biome is found
in North America, Europe, and Asia as well as tropical areas of South America, Africa and Southeast Asia
b)Savanna biome – Mixture of trees and grasses. Trees are not continuous, lack of shade allows grass to grow. Savanna covers areas
of Africa, South Asia, South America, and Australia.
c) Grassland Biome – grass rather than trees. American prairies. Grasslands are very productive agricultural regions.
d) Desert Biome – not completely plantless. Dispersed patches of plants adapted to dry conditions. Vegetation is sufficient for
survival of small numbers of animals.
26. What are the two major problems with which geographers are concerned, as far as soil is concerned?
a) Erosion destruction of soil, man made or physical
b)Depletion of nutrients. (when plants withdraw more nutrients than can be replaced the soil can become “poor”. Farmers will rotate
crops or plant crops that have no economic return but restore nutrients to the soil and keep the land productive over the long term.
Anasazi Indians depleted soil of nutrients.
A)FRQ THE NETHERLANDS
Using your book pages 28 -30 Complete the following:
1.
What are 2 ways the dutch have modified the landscape. Identify on the map below where those modifications took place.
X=
Y=
2. What are the environmental and economical
reasons for the modifications described above.
3. What may threaten the plan of one of the
modifications?
FRQ Florida.
1.
2.
3.
Identify three barrier islands. X,Y and Z
Label the everglades on the map below. Identify three human actions and what affect each had on the everglades.
Were Americans as successful with their land modifications as the Dutch. Why or why not?