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Social Studies 9 Chapter 8 European Contact NOTES AND COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS FOR FIRST HALF OF THE UNIT So far we have looked at: Viking exploration of North America Mercantilism as an economic philosophy Explorers John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, and Samuel du Champlain Use your Crossroads textbook to complete this work package. You will be given one period of class time and the extra-long weekend to complete the package Due: Wednesday May 25, 2016 Ch. 8 Arrival in Canada Introduction Europeans began arriving in Canada as early as the 11th C. with Leif Erikson’s settlement in Vineland (Newfoundland). Further exploration of Canada would have to wait until the imperial countries such as England, France and Spain began searching for a western shortcut to Asia through N. America. Both the Vikings and the later European colonial countries established contact with the local native populations. By the end of the 1400’s, England, Spain and France were all looking west for routes to Asia to complete with Portugal. Columbus discovered North America for the Europeans, but nobody knew or realized just how large of a continent it was. North America would eventually prove to be a major obstacle to a western route to Asia, but would, instead, provide Europe with many other riches like furs, fish and raw resources. Ch. 8 Arrival in Canada Introduction p. 216 - 221 Directions: Read pages 216-221 in your text Crossroads – A Meeting of Nations. A. Define the following terms. (1 mark each) 1. Colonize ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Monopoly ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Imperialism ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Letters of Patent ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. The years from 1450 to 1600 were Europe’s ____________________. European countries wanted to explore _____________________ and gain the legendary riches of the East. In 1492 ____________________ tried to find a new trade route to __________. Instead he found San Salvador and began to colonize the _________________________. 6. Explorers hoped to reach Asia by sailing through North America! The Spanish and French, in turn, sent explorers to seek a passage to link the _______________ Ocean with the ___________________. When the French reached Canada and the St. Lawrence River, they built a commercial empire around the ______________. This economic ___________________________ was not unique to France. 7. The Native communities gave them access to ___________________ and they built the successful colony of __________________________. In the Maritimes it was called ___________________. These colonies became the foundation of modern Canada. 8. Long before the French, the _____________________ from Scandinavia were probably the first explorers of Canada. They were farmers in their homeland, but very _______________________. By the 11th century, the Vikings had colonized _____________________ and _______________________. Evidence of the Viking landings are recorded in stories known as ______________________ which told of the adventures of __________________________ to places called ____________________. 9. In your own words, explain why the 1st European settlement of North America did not last. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 10. Columbus’s journey launched the competition among European nations to open _____________________ to Asia. An Italian explorer called ___________________ received permission from Henry VII in the form of a ____________________________. This allowed him to seek out and occupy distant lands. 11. Cabot set out in his little ship called __________________ with 19 crew and eventually found Newfoundland which he claimed for the King and called it ____________________. He was astonished by the huge schools of _________________ on the _____________________. Following his voyage, English, French, and Portuguese ships travelled to ____________________________. a) Why were the Europeans interested in North America and what else did they discover? (2 marks) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ b) Why did John Cabot explore North America and what did the King of England want him to do with what he found? (2 marks) ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The Fur Trade and The French, English and Dutch European explorers continued to explore and lay claim to land in N. America in their search for passages and profit. Although a N.W. passage to China was never found, new trade with the peoples of N. America emerged. Trade in furs quickly became popular. At first, the French were only interested in trading profit, but by the 17th C., they had formed permanent settlements. Early on, competing interests between the French and English resulted in alliances with the local nations like the Hurons, Algonkins and the Iroquois. The Europeans quickly became involved in the affairs of the local natives, choosing sides, forming alliances and even providing arms. The French explorer and settlement founder, Champlain, sided with the Huron Empire and provided them with arms to attack their enemies the Iroquois. Champlain continued to build trading posts and continued to encourage trade between the French and the Native peoples. The French Explorers p. 221 – 225 /27 Name ________________________ Blk ______________ Date ______________________ 1. Provide an example as to how the term was used in the text. (1 marks each). 1. Archipelago________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Scurvy ___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Treachery_________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Answer the following questions using COMPLETE SENTENCES; 1. What did Giovanni Verrazano discover in 1524? (1 mark)_____________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Roughly, how long did it take to travel from Europe to North America? (1 mark) _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What were the names of the two Iroquois brothers that Cartier kidnapped? (1 mark) ________________________________/____________________________________ 4. Obviously the cultures of 16th century France would have been different from that of North America. List four things the brothers would have encountered in France that would have been completely new to them. (4 marks for thoughtful answers) _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Why did King Francis I approve a third voyage? (1 mark)______________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 6. From our view the Natives were being ripped off in the fur trade. Why did the Natives not see it that way? (2 marks ) ____________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 7. The fur trade started as a way to supplement what other industry? (1 mark) _____________________________________________________________________ 8. Read the primary source on page 222. What does it suggest about Cartier’s attitude to the Iroquois? (3 marks) _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 1. Provide definitions for the following words. If you cannot find the definition in the textbook, you may use a dictionary or look-up the word on line. (1 marks each). 1. impregnable _________________________________________________________ 2. coureurs de bois __________________________________________________________ 3. wampum ___________________________________________________________ 4. missionary ___________________________________________________________ 2. Answer the following questions with thought provoking answers. a) In what area were the English looking for the Northwest Passage? (1 mark) __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ b) What did Humphrey Gilbert threaten to do if anyone challenged his British claim of ownership of Newfoundland? (1 mark) __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ c) What country did Samuel De Champlain establish a colony for? (1 mark) ________________________________________________ d) After the failed Port Royal settlement, where and why did Champlain attempt a settlement? (2 mark) __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ e) What two native groups did he ally with? (1 mark) _____________/_____________ f) What was the Order of Good Cheer? (2 marks) __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ g) Describe a dinner that would put you in a good mood. (2 marks) __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ An alliance with the Huron Empire p. 229 – 232 a) In what geographic area did the Huron’s live? (1 mark) ________________________________________________________________________ b) Why did Champlain want to form an alliance with the Huron? (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ c) Why would the Algonkians and Montagnais be uneasy with Champlain linking up with the Huron nation? (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Read the primary source on page 230, and answer the following questions: i) Quote the lines that suggest Jamet has made value judgments about the Hurons? (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ii) As a French Catholic missionary living in the early seventeenth century, could Jamet have avoided making these value judgments? Explain. (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ d) Describe who the Coureurs De Bois were and describe what they were supposed to do. (2 marks) ___________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________