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Skyline College
Official Course Outline
Date: May 2010
1.
TITLE:
BIOL 215 Organismal Biology: Core I
5.0 units, 48 lecture hours, 96 lab hours, and 16 hours by arrangement
Recommended: Eligibility for ENGL 836.
2.
COURSE CLASSIFICATION:
Credit course applicable to the Associate Degree. Transfer credit: UC; CSU (B2, 3). (BIOL
215 + 230 = BIOL SEQ A.) BIOL 215 + 230 are articulated with BIOL 1A +1B at U.C.
Berkeley.
3.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS:
Catalog Description:
Three lecture hours and six lab hours per week. Prerequisite: MATH 120 or MATH 123
with a grade of C or better, or appropriate math placement test score and other measures as
appropriate, or equivalent. Recommended: Eligibility for ENGL 836.
As part of a two-course core program, BIOL 215 is an introductory survey of organismal
form and function. Analysis of fundamental biological functions including nutrition, gas
exchange, reproduction, natural selection, and ecology using representative living
organisms. Transfer credit: UC; CSU (B2,B3). (BIOL 215 + BIOL 230 = CAN BIOL SEQ
A.)
Schedule of Classes Description:
Prereq: MATH 120 or 123 with a grade of C or better, or appropriate math placement test
score and other measures as appropriate, or equivalent. Recommended: Eligibility for
ENGL 836. The first course for biology majors. Introductory survey of anatomy, physiology
and evolution of living organisms. Lecture must be accompanied by a lab session. Transfer:
UC; CSU (B2, B3). CAN BIOL 4. BIOL 215 + BIOL 230 = CAN BIOL SEQ A.
4.
COURSE JUSTIFICATION:
This course is designed for Biology majors and pre-medicine majors planning to transfer to
a four-year institution.
5.
STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES (SLOs):
1. Demonstrate understanding of how the major groups of living organisms are related
to each other and of their adaptations for survival.
2. Write clear and well-argued descriptions of topics in biological sciences, based on the
course material and textbook articles.
3. Master laboratory techniques including microscopy, spectrophotometry, and gel
electrophoresis.
4. Design, perform and analyze experiments in biology.
6.
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES:
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BIOL 215 in combination with BIOL 230 constitutes an integrated basic core program for
students majoring in the life sciences.
1. Create an awareness in students about relationships among organisms
2. Encourage problem-solving and quantitative reasoning skills.
3. Present anatomy and life cycles of major groups in an integrated study of biological
principles including nutrition, respiration, osmoregulation, locomotion, neural coordination,
chromosomal inheritance, and evolution.
4. Laboratory work emphasizes problem-solving through observation, experimentation,
and data interpretation.
7.
COURSE CONTENT:
1. TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATICS
a. The major eukaryotic kingdoms are introduced to provide a framework for organisms
used to illustrate the physiologic processes.
b. Definition of species
c. Concept of phylogeny with selected examples from each of the major kingdoms.
2. EVOLUTION
a. Ecological equivalents
b. Concept of niche
c. Natural (and artificial) selection
d. Speciation
1.
Charles Darwin
2.
The fossil record
3.
Evidence for evolution
3. FORM AND FUNCTION
Basic problems of the living state. Each problem is presented as a common problem to
living organisms. Evolution and natural selection are unifying themes throughout the
course. Each topic will be developed from the unicellular through higher vertebrates
and vascular plants.
Topics 1 through 11 are presented in following format:
a. Introduction to process.
What is the function.
Resources needed and waste products created.
b. Examples are chosen to show relationship between form and function of organisms.
Each topic is covered in a logical evolutionary sequence using examples from the
taxa listed below. After covering these topics students are familiar with the anatomy,
life cycle, and ecological niches and habitats of each group listed. Anatomy with
relevant structure(s) from the following taxa:
Fungi: ascomycetes and basidiomycetes
Heterotrophic protist: rhizopida, euglenozoa, and ciliophora
Sponge
Cnidaria
Platyhelminth
Mollusk
Annelid
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1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
a.
b.
c.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
Arthropod
Echinoderm
Chordate
Unicellular photosynthetic algae
Multicellular algae (red algae and brown algae)
Bryophytes
Tracheophytes: ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
Nutrient procurement
Requirements: macronutrients, inorganic trace elements, organic growth
factors
Organic molecules: fats, carbohydrates, and proteins
Autotrophs
(1) Aquatic protists and tracheophytes: diffusion
(2) Terrestrial plants: monocot and dicot roots
(3) Insectivorous plants
Heterotrophs
(1) Aquatic protists
(2) Fungi: extracellular enzymes
(3) Selected animal phyla: ingestion and extracellular digestion i)
Herbivores, ii) Carnivores, iii) Filter feeders
(4) Fermentation
Gas Exchange
Biologic energy (ATP) production
(1) Respiration: role of O2 - Cellular production of CO2
(2) Photosynthesis: role of CO2 and H2O
Autotrophs
(1) Aquatic protists and tracheophytes: diffusion
(2) Terrestrial plants: leaves
Heterotrophs
(1) Aquatic animals without external respiratory systems
(2) External respiration
(3) Internal respiration (i) skin-breathers, (ii) gills: evaginated and
invaginated, (iii) lungs: birds and mammals
Osmoregulation
Definition of osmosis
Importance of osmoregulation is illustrated with unicellular protists
(1) Osmotic lysis
(2) Plasmolysis
Vascular plants
(1) Vascular bundles
(2) Turgor pressure and stomata
Selected animal phyla to illustrate flame cell, nephridial, and kidney functions
(1) Osmoregulators
(2) Osmoconformers
Excretion
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a.
b.
c.
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
6.
a.
b.
c.
7.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
8.
9.
a.
b.
c.
Autotrophs
Proteins and heterotrophs
(1) Chemical composition
(2) Metabolism as source of amino acids; an energy source
Selected animal phyla demonstrating removal of nitrogenous wastes: active
transport
Internal transport
Cytoplasmic streaming
Vascular bundles:
(1) Root pressure
(2) Transpiration
Gastrovascular cavity
Segmentation
(1) Open circulatory system
(2) Closed circulatory system
Evolution of circulatory system
(1) Fishes
(2) Amphibians and reptiles
(3) Birds and mammals
Transport of O2 and CO2
(1) Hemocyanin
(2) Hemoglobin: fetal hemoglobin, adult hemoglobin, sickle-cell
hemoglobin
(3) Myoglobin
Immunity
Passive and active
Humoral and cell-mediated
Transplantation
Support
Osmotic pressure: cell walls
Turgidity
Xylem and wood
Hydrostatic skeletons”
Exoskeleton
Endoskeletons: sponges, echinoderms, chordates
Locomotion and muscle contraction
Chemical communication
Pheromones and social behavior
Allelopathy and competition
Plant hormones including practical applications in agriculture
(1) Auxins and tropisms
(2) Gibberellin
(3) Ethylene
(4) Cytokinens
(5) Abscissic acid
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4.
(6) Flowering and photoperiods
d.
Endocrine system
(1) Hormone production using selected examples of arthropod molting
and growth hormones and vertebrate pancreatic and pituitary hormones
(2) Homeostasis - negative feedback, thermoregulation of poikilotherms,
behavior, and countercurrent heat exchange.
e.
Reproductive behavior emphasizing the roles of hormones
10. Reproduction
a.
Cell cycle
b.
Asexual and selected examples
(1) Mitosis, (2) Budding, (3) Cloning, (4) Vegetative propagation
c.
Sexual and selected examples
(1) meiosis, (2) selected examples of external fertilization, (3) selected
examples of internal fertilization, (4) evolution of placental mammals.
11. Development and selected life cycles
a.
Ferns and alternation of generations
b.
Conifers
(1) Pollen and seed structure, (2) fertilization, (3) fruits, (4) germination and
primary growth
c.
Angiosperms
(1) Pollen and seed structure, (2) fertilization, (3) fruits, (4) germination and
primary growth
d.
Animals
(1) fertilization through gastrulation (2) morphogenesis (3) protostomia and
deuterostomia (4) recapitulation of phylogeny
e.
Parasitism
(1) Tapeworm (2) selected parasites
CHROMOSOMAL BASIS FOR INHERITANCE
A. Inheritance
a.
Chromosomes and genes: definitions, chemical composition and function
2. Mendelian inheritance
a.
Independent assortment
b.
Backcross and testcross
3. Non-Mendelian inheritance
a.
Partial dominance, codominance, lethal recessive dominant alleles:
b.
ABO blood groups, Rh inheritance, hemoglobin, multiple alleles, epistasis
c.
Sex chromosomes: sex-linked traits and sex-influenced traits
d.
Crossing over and linkage mapping - karyotypic fissioning
e.
Mutations - oncogenes
4. Environmental selection and adaptation
a.
Antibiotic resistance
b.
Melanin production
c.
Sickle-cell hemoglobin
5. Population genetics
a.
The maintenance of genetic diversity
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5.
b.
Hardy-Weinberg distribution
ECOLOGY
a. Adaptations
b. Populations: characterics, growth, regulation
d. Communities
1.
Species diversity
2.
Trophic levels
d. Interspecific competition
e. Disturbance and succession
f. Food webs: Predatation and herbivory
g. Life zones and global change
8.
REPRESENTATIVE METHODS OF INSTRUCTION:
Lecture supplemented with overhead transparencies, color slides, and powerpoint.
Approximately 400 pages of assigned reading is required. Students complete written
assignments requiring analysis of data and literature reviews to draw conclusions.
Students complete thirty laboratory experiments designed to meet the objectives and
scope of the course. Laboratory work employs live material and emphasizes
experimentation and testing variables and presentation and interpretation of results.
Students formulate hypotheses and evaluate their lab data in relation to these hypotheses in
written lab reports. Students use computers to calculate and interpret data
9.
ASSIGNMENTS:
Bi-weekly lab reports requiring analysis of data collected in the lab. Help students
develop an understanding of the scientific method and the ability to use appropriate models
to solve problems.
Term project requiring review of current literature and analysis of data.
Examinations requiring analysis of information to promote use the scientific knowledge
and skills necessary for active citizenship.
10. EVALUATION OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE:
Letter grade based on examinations requiring problem-solving and short essay and written
homework (60%), laboratory reports including data display and interpretation; development
of lab skills (40%).
11. RECOMMENDED or REQUIRED TEXT(S):
Campbell, N. Biology. San Francisco CA: Benjamin/Cummings, 8th edition, 2009
Case, C. and S. Snitovsky. Investigations in Biology. Skyline College.
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