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Eight Parts of Speech English 9 Regular/Honors Seminar Six Nouns Nouns Definition & Examples • Person- Mrs. Cerna, teacher, students, faculty • Place (school, the Southwest, Arizona Cactus Shadows High School) • Thing (Desk, final exams, tests, grades) • Idea (Inspiration, Education, cooperation, Friendship, Justice, and Love) Common Nouns/Proper Nouns Definition & Examples Common Nouns Proper Nouns • A common noun is a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea. – Desk – Teacher • A proper is the name of a particular person, place, thing, or idea. – Cactus Shadows High School – Mrs. Cerna Pronouns Pronoun Definition & Examples • A word that is used in place of a noun or another pronoun First person Singular I, me (my, mine) Plural We, us (our, ours) Second person You (your, yours) You (your, yours) Third person He, him, she, her, it (his, her, hers, its) They, them (Their, theirs) Verbs Verbs Definition & Examples • A verb expresses an action, a condition, or a state of being. • The action may be physical or mental. – The band marches onto the field. (Physical) – The audience expects a great performance. (Mental) Linking Verbs Linking Verbs Definition & Examples • A linking verb links the subject of a sentence to a word in the predicate. • There are two groups of linking verbs: – forms of to be • Is, am, are, was, were, been, being – Verbs that express condition • Look, smell, feel, sound, taste, grow, appear, become, seem, remain Adjectives Adjectives Definition & Examples • An adjective modifies or limits the meaning of a noun or pronoun. What Kind Which One How Many How Much Famous song This star One dollar Some music Squeaky noise Green light That way Three tenors More room These words Several years Less energy Articles Articles Definition & Examples • Articles are the most common adjectives. Articles: – A, an, and the Indefinite A student volunteered. Definite The teacher arrived. Jessie brought an itinerary. Phil borrowed the camera from her. Adverbs Adverbs Definition & Examples • An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. – We instantly recognized Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. – The famous notes rang out quite clearly. – The orchestra waited until the auditorium grew completely quiet. Adverbs Continued Adverbs Definition & Examples Where When The student orchestra stopped here during a national tour. Will they be returning soon? How Everyone played magnificently. To what extent The auditorium was completely full. Prepositions Prepositions Definition & Examples • A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in a sentence. – The sounds of a jazz band filled the kitchen. – The music was coming from a radio. Examples of Prepositions • • • • • • • • • • About Above Across After Against Along Among Around As At • • • • • • • • • • Before Behind Below Beneath Beside Between Beyond By Despite Down • • • • • • • • • • During Except For From In Inside Into Like Near Of • • • • • • • • • • Off • On • Onto • Out • Outside • Over • Since • Through Throughout • • To Toward Under Undernea th Until Up Upon With Within Without Compound Prepositions Compound Prepositions Definition & Examples • Compound prepositions are prepositions that consist of more than one word. – Jazz legend Louis Armstrong sang in addition to playing the trumpet. Commonly Used Compound Prepositions According to By means of In place of On account of Aside from In addition to In spite of Out of Because of In front of Instead of Prior to Prepositional Phrase Prepositional Phrase Definition & Examples • A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition and its object, and any modifiers of the object. • The object of a preposition is the noun or pronoun that follows a preposition. • Prepositional phrases often express relationships of location (by, near), direction (to, down), or time (before, during). Prepositional Phrase Examples • • • • Many early jazz bands played inNew Orleans. (location) The sounds came from a radio. (location) Musicians traveled to other large cities. (direction) During the 1920s, jazz swept the country. (Time) Interjections Interjections Definition & Examples • An interjection is a word or a phrase used to express emotion. • Examples: – Wow, gee, hey, ouch, aha, boy, imagine, and unbelievable. – Yikes! Our project is due tomorrow. – Well, where should we start? Conjunctions Conjunctions Definition & Examples • A conjunction connects words or groups of words. • There are three kinds of conjunctions: – Coordinating – Correlative – Subordinating Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating Conjunctions Definition & Examples • Coordinating Conjunctions connect words or groups of words of equal importance. – Sonia and her friends watched the new music video. – The action started out on a beach, but the scene quickly changed. Coordinating Conjunction Examples And But For Nor Or So Yet Correlative Conjunctions Correlative Conjunctions Definitions & Examples • Correlative Conjunctions are word pairs that serve to join words or groups of words. – You will not only hear your favorite song but also see the performer. – Either the music or the visual images will grab your attention. Correlative Conjunction Examples Both…and Neither…nor Either…or Not only…but also Whether…or Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating Conjunctions Definitions & Examples • Subordinating Conjunctions introduce subordinate clauses- clauses that cannot stand alone- and join them to independent clauses. – The band waited while the director checked the lighting. – Although music videos are short, they are expensive to produce. Subordinating Conjunctions After As though If So that When Although Because In order that Than Where As Before Provided Unless Whereas As if Even though Since Until while Conjunctive Adverbs Conjunctive Adverbs Definition & Examples • Conjunctive adverbs are adverbs that function somewhat like conjunctions. • Conjunctive adverbs are used to express relationships between independent clauses. – The invention of the transistor radio contributed to the rise of rock and roll; similarly, the introduction of cable television helped launch music videos. Conjunctive Adverbs Accordingly Consequently Hence Nevertheless Still Also Finally However Otherwise Therefore Besides Furthermore Instead Thus Similarly