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Name _______________________________ Date ________________________________ Period _______________________________ Imperialism and Resistance in Asia Objectives When we are finished this section, we should be able to: › Describe how Europeans exerted influence over Asian nations, and how those nations responded in different ways European Knowledge of Asia European contacts with Asia had taken place over many centuries, but were often interrupted ________________________________________ had travelled to China and brought back stories of riches and a powerful nation ________________________________________ was a major transportation system for Europeans to obtain the goods of Asia The growth of Muslim empires like the ____________________________________ disrupted European trade with the Far East Early European explorations were motivated by a desire to __________________ directly with Asian peoples Part I - India The British would gradually take control in India, and would use its resources for the benefit of Britain. East India Company The __________________________________________ was a British company that was formed to trade for the riches of India › Cotton, silk, indigo, salt peter (essential for gunpowder), and opium The Company used British ____________________ and _______________________ power to take over more and more of India They defeated the Mughals, the French, and eventually established military dominance over the subcontinent The Sepoy Rebellion The Company enlisted Hindu and Muslim ____________________________________ as paid soldiers to keep order The British often tried to impose European customs on the sepoys, such as _____________________________________ and other customs This resentment came to a climax when a rumor that bullet cartridges had been greased with _____________________ or __________________________ fat started going around the sepoy ranks The Sepoy Rebellion, Part 2 The sepoy rebellion began and spread across northern and central India Version: 4/27/2011 8:33:00 AM Atrocities committed by sepoys against English civilians were answered by British retaliation once the British had triumphed Both sides were left with much distrust and bitterness Britain dissolved the East India Company and took control of India – ________________ The British Raj The British government attempted to strengthen itself in India and also endear itself to the people › Built infrastructure – ______________, ____________________, _______________, ______________ The Indians were often forced to do things for the benefit of the British › Grow _____________________________________ and other cash crops instead of food crops – led to _________________________ In 1885, a group of Indian businessmen and professionals formed the _____________________________ to move the country toward self-rule Part II - China European nations established spheres of influence over China, and China resisted this. China’s Complacence and Decline When faced with European economic and military power, China had lost much of its ability to stand up to Europeans › _____________________________ and other dynasties had been wealthy, and thus viewed European customs with contempt › Chinese dynasties has restricted the growth of Chinese __________________________________ › Qing dynasty had allowed China to weaken internally due to ________________________________, etc. British Opium Trade China had a policy of not trading with Europeans, or restricting that trade to one port Britain defied this law and supplied _______________________ along the Chinese coast to smugglers who then distributed the drug When the Chinese attempted to crack down on this trade, the British responded by using ______________________________________ to defeat the Chinese Increasing Influence The resulting _________________________________ gave Great Britain the island of Hong Kong, plus reparations for war losses Further treaties and civil wars continued to weaken the Qing dynasty European nations such as ________________ and ___________________ began to claim spheres of influence in China The United States sponsored and executed an __________________________ that would end spheres of influence and open China to trade from any nation Chinese Responses Chinese responses to European colonialism were mixed between: Version: 4/27/2011 8:33:00 AM › › __________________________________ – adopt European technology, education, and customs to become strong ___________________________________ to western influences – strengthen and reinforce Chinese culture Chinese Reformers Some reformers began to adopt western ___________________ and ________________ The government, however, didn’t support these efforts Defeat in a war with the ____________________________ exposed Chinese weaknesses Reformers gained some influence with the government, but some conservative elements were able to regain power Boxer Rebellion The _____________________________ resulted from one Chinese conservative group known as the ____________________________________________________ This group decided to resist foreign influence by going around and attacking __________________, ________________________, and others of foreign influence European powers stepped in and sent a military force to put down this rebellion The government ended its support of ___________________________________ Guomindang and Revolution New elements that wanted to modernize and strengthen China took over The Chinese government was struggling to hold onto power, and relied on foreign support ___________________________ and others formed a group to make China strong again The ____________________________________ took power in the 1911 Revolution › _________________________________ – freedom from foreign control › _________________________________ – representative government › _________________________________ – economic well-being of the people Part III - Japan During the course of European imperialism, Japan was able to exert some control over the events that occurred, and modernized throughout the process. Japan’s Isolation Japan had also cut off trade with the European powers in earlier centuries, and lacked the technological advancements of European powers In 1853, _________________________________________ of the United States arrived and asked Japan to trade with the U.S. Japan’s leadership made treaties with the United States to prevent a war and further problems, like China experienced The Meiji These treaties, called the “_____________________________________” by the Japanese, led to unhappiness among the Japanese people › The samurai overthrew the shogun and pledged allegiance to the emperor – kept much power for themselves These Meiji rulers adopted the phrase, “rich country, strong military.” Version: 4/27/2011 8:33:00 AM › › › › Adopted _____________________________________ Strengthened the ________________________________ Worked to ___________________________ Adopted western education systems Industrialized Japan Japan also desired to industrialize – needed a modern economy to build a modern military They avoided taking ________ from any western powers – feared takeover for not paying Japan also adopted: › Modern ___________________________ › Modern ___________________________ › Postal service, telegraph, railroads, modern ports By 1914, Japan was a leading industrial nation Japan’s Power Japan was thus on the path to become a world power › When _______________________________________ revolted against China, Japan stepped in and gained influence in Korea › When Japan and ___________________________ came into conflict over Korea and Manchuria, Japan triumphed over Russia in the war The victory of Japan in the ___________________________________ showed European nations that Japan was a world power, and non-European nations that European nations could be stood up to Part IV - Southeast Asia Europeans conquered much of the islands and mainlands of Southeast Asia. Dutch and Spanish In the islands of Southeast Asia, the Dutch and Spanish took colonies › Dutch controlled the Dutch East Indies (modern day _______________________) Used slave labor Coffee, pepper, cinnamon, sugar, indigo, tea, tin, copper, ebony, teak, etc. › Spanish controlled the Philippines _____________________ and ________________________________ 1896 – Emiliano Aguinaldo helped lead a revolution against the Spanish The U.S. aided these rebels in overthrowing the Spanish, then set up a colony themselves British and French In the southeast Asian mainland, the British and French took colonies › British expanded out of India into ______________________________ › French slowly conquered Indochina – ______________, _______________, and ________ Version: 4/27/2011 8:33:00 AM