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Biology 1st Semester Exam Matching—You may use a word more than once a. Mitochondria e. Ribosomes b. Chloroplasts f. Nucleous c. Cell Membrane g. Nucleus d. Vacuoles h. Cytoplasm 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. _____Converts every from sunlight into chemical energy that is stored in food _____Site of ribosome production _____ Provides energy for the cell, also known as powerhouse of the cell _____Controls the movement into and out of the cell _____watery material which contains many of the cell parts a. Active transport b. Osmosis 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. _____Happens very fast _____Happens with a selectively permeable membrane _____When glucose passes through a membrane _____The diffusion of water _____When cells move materials in an opposite direction—from low concentration to high concentration a. Bacteria 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. c. Diffusion d. Facilitated diffusion b. Virus _____Single celled _____Breaks down dead organic material _____Only has one RNA or DNA _____Mutualistic—everything benefits _____Replicates using cellular machinery from cells Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: 16. Nucleotides are to __________ as _____________ are to proteins a. nucleic acids; amino acids b. polymers; lipids 17. _____Which of the following organelles is common to both plant and animal cells? a. mitochondria b. chloroplasts c. vacuole 18. _____Diffusion is the movement of a substance…. a. from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration b. only through a lipid bilayer 19. _____ Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same bumber of protons and a. a different number of electrons b. a different number of neutrons c. the same number of neutrons d. a different number of molecules 20. _____Which of the following makes up a molecule of water? a. Two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen b. One atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen c. One atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen d. One atom of sodium an done atom of chlorine 21. _____ The three particles that make up atoms are a. Neutrons, isotopes, and electrons b. Protons, neutrons and electrons c. Positives, negatives and electrons d. Protons, neutrons and isotopes 22. _____A covalent bond is formed as the result of a. Transferring protons b. Transferring electrons c. Sharing an electron pair d. Sharing a proton pair 23. _____A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of a. 4.22 b. 4.3 c. 4.35 d. 4.4 24. _____Which of the following statements can be made about the relationship between lipids and carbohydrates? a. Lipids are involved in short term energy storage and carbohydrates are involved in long term energy storage b. Lipids are involved in long term energy storage and carbohydrates are involved in short term energy storage c. Examples of lipids include fats, oils and waxes d. Lipids and carbohydrates both contain nitrogen to form polymers 25. _____What carbon compound is not soluble in water? a. Carbohydrates b. Proteins c. Nucleic acids d. Lipids 26. _____What has been lost so that dehydration synthesis can occur? a. Sucrose b. Glucose c. Water d. Starch 27. _____What carbon compound holds all genetic material for all living organisms? a. Carbohydrates b. Proteins c. Nucleic acids d. Lipids 28. _____Animal cells have all of the following EXCEPT a. mitochondria b. cell membrane c. chloroplasts d. golgi complex 29. _____A plant cell has two extra organelles compared to the animal cell. They are a. Cell wall and chloroplasts b. cell wall and nucleus c. cell membrane and chloroplasts 30. _____What is the cell membrane composed of? a. lipid bilayer b. carbohydrate bilayer c. protein bilayer d. nucleic acid bilayer 31. _____These two methods of transport into the cell membrane require carrier proteins: a. Diffusion and osmosis b. Osmosis and facilitated diffusion c. Active transport and facilitated diffusion d. Diffusion and active transport 32. _____What is the basic structure of a virus? a. DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat b. A capsid surrounded by a protein coat c. A tail sheath surrounded by tail fibers d. A tiny cell surrounded by a cell wall 33. _____ Binary fission occurs when a bacterium a. Injects genetic information into a virus b. Replicates its DNA and divides in half c. Exchanges genetic information with another cell d. Kills another bacteria to reproduce 34. _____Viruses enter a __________ in order to replicate a. host cells b. another virus c. dead cells d. nitrogen 35. _____Leaked fluids from the circulatory system go into the a. Arteries b. Capillaries c. Veins d. Lymphatic system 36. _____Exchange of nutrients and wastes with the body cells, takes place by diffusion through the walls of the: a. b. c. d. Veins Lungs Capillaries Arteries 37. _____The circulatory system is composed of the: a. Lungs, heart and brain b. Lung, blood vessels and mouth c. Heart, arteries and veins d. Heart, blood and lungs 38. _____Breathing occurs because of air pressure differences between the lungs and the a. Diaphragm b. Heart c. Atmosphere d. Veins 39. _____The tough layer of connective tisse surrounding each bone is called: a. Tendon b. Ligament c. Periosteum d. Cartilage 40. _____These are the type of muscles found in the walls of your organs: a. Smooth muscle b. Skeletal muscle c. Cardiac muscle d. Liver muscle 41. _____In what structure do filtration and reabsorption occur for our blood? a. b. c. d. Liver Stomach Kidneys Bladder 42. _____What is the function of the myelin sheath? a. Send messages to the brain b. Insulate and protect the axon c. Carry messages away from the cell body d. Carry messages to the cell body 43. _____ True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false 65. _____Diffusion moves molecules from low concentration to high concentration 66. _____Plant cells have both a cell membrane and a cell wall 67. _____Cocci are spiral shaped bacteria 68. _____Viruses are good as long as they are found in our mouth and intestines 69. _____ Sterilization is extreme heat 70. _____Red blood cells fight against disease 71. _____Arteries move blood away from the heart 72. _____Inhalation is caused by the diaphragm and the muscles in the ribcage relaxing 73. _____The windpipe is also called the pharynx 74. _____Vitamins help regulate chemical reactions in our bodies 75. _____Sensory neurons carry impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to muscles and glands 76. _____ 77. _____ 78. _____ Fill in the blank What is the manipulated variable in the statement below? Write it on the line provided on the answer sheet. Lemon trees receiving the most water produce the largest lemons 81. _______________ The more plants put in a 6 inch flower pot the slower the plants grow 82. _______________ Each investigation has at least two variables, a manipulated variable and a responding variable. What is the manipulated variable and what is the responding variable in the following examples? An experiment was done with six groups of children to see if scores on their weekly spelling tests were affected by the number of minutes of spelling practice they had each day 83. Manipulated: _________________ 84. Responding: _________________ Five groups of rats are fed identical diets except for the amount of Vitamin A that they receive. Each group gets a different amount. After three weeks on their diet, the rats are weighted to see if the amount of Vitamin A received has affected their weight. 85. Manipulated: _________________ 86. Responding: _________________ 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. The two divisions of the nervous system are_________________ and _________________ 94. The central nervous system consists of the _____________ and the __________________ 95. Study the following steps in the path of air through the respiratory system. Determine the order in which the steps take place, beginning with air entering the body. Write the number of each step in the space provided. _____Air enters the alveoli _____Air enters the pharynx and the larynx _____Air enters the bronchi _____Oxygen enters the capillaries _____Air enters the trachea _____Air enters the nose or mouth _____Air enters the bronchioles Short Answer (Pick three short answers to answer) 96. Describe 2 diseases of the respiratory system. 97. 98. 99. Explain three differences between Kevin’s and Lindsey’s skeletal system Essay 100. Collin decides to run around the school three times. Explain four body systems that are at work to help his body maintains homeostasis Extra Credit 101. What is the role of protein channels in the cell membrane? (1 point) 102. What is tidal volume? 103. What does the gallbladder do for the digestive system?