Download Biology 1st Semester Exam

Biology 1st Semester Exam
Matching—You may use a word more than once
a. Mitochondria
e. Ribosomes
b. Chloroplasts
f. Nucleous
c. Cell Membrane
g. Nucleus
d. Vacuoles
h. Cytoplasm
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
_____Converts every from sunlight into chemical energy that is stored in food
_____Site of ribosome production
_____ Provides energy for the cell, also known as powerhouse of the cell
_____Controls the movement into and out of the cell
_____watery material which contains many of the cell parts
a. Active transport
b. Osmosis
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
_____Happens very fast
_____Happens with a selectively permeable membrane
_____When glucose passes through a membrane
_____The diffusion of water
_____When cells move materials in an opposite direction—from low concentration to high
concentration
a. Bacteria
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
c. Diffusion
d. Facilitated diffusion
b. Virus
_____Single celled
_____Breaks down dead organic material
_____Only has one RNA or DNA
_____Mutualistic—everything benefits
_____Replicates using cellular machinery from cells
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence:
16. Nucleotides are to __________ as _____________ are to proteins
a. nucleic acids; amino acids
b. polymers; lipids
17. _____Which of the following organelles is common to both plant and animal cells?
a. mitochondria
b. chloroplasts
c. vacuole
18. _____Diffusion is the movement of a substance….
a. from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
b. only through a lipid bilayer
19. _____ Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same bumber of protons and
a. a different number of electrons
b. a different number of neutrons
c. the same number of neutrons
d. a different number of molecules
20. _____Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?
a. Two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
b. One atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen
c. One atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
d. One atom of sodium an done atom of chlorine
21. _____ The three particles that make up atoms are
a. Neutrons, isotopes, and electrons
b. Protons, neutrons and electrons
c. Positives, negatives and electrons
d. Protons, neutrons and isotopes
22. _____A covalent bond is formed as the result of
a. Transferring protons
b. Transferring electrons
c. Sharing an electron pair
d. Sharing a proton pair
23. _____A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the
pH of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in
New York State has a pH of
a. 4.22
b. 4.3
c. 4.35
d. 4.4
24. _____Which of the following statements can be made about the relationship between lipids and
carbohydrates?
a. Lipids are involved in short term energy storage and carbohydrates are involved in long term energy
storage
b. Lipids are involved in long term energy storage and carbohydrates are involved in short term energy
storage
c. Examples of lipids include fats, oils and waxes
d. Lipids and carbohydrates both contain nitrogen to form polymers
25. _____What carbon compound is not soluble in water?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Proteins
c. Nucleic acids
d. Lipids
26. _____What has been lost so that dehydration synthesis can occur?
a. Sucrose
b. Glucose
c. Water
d. Starch
27. _____What carbon compound holds all genetic material for all living organisms?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Proteins
c. Nucleic acids
d. Lipids
28. _____Animal cells have all of the following EXCEPT
a. mitochondria
b. cell membrane
c. chloroplasts
d. golgi complex
29. _____A plant cell has two extra organelles compared to the animal cell. They are
a. Cell wall and chloroplasts
b. cell wall and nucleus
c. cell membrane and chloroplasts
30. _____What is the cell membrane composed of?
a. lipid bilayer
b. carbohydrate bilayer
c. protein bilayer
d. nucleic acid bilayer
31. _____These two methods of transport into the cell membrane require carrier proteins:
a. Diffusion and osmosis
b. Osmosis and facilitated diffusion
c. Active transport and facilitated diffusion
d. Diffusion and active transport
32. _____What is the basic structure of a virus?
a. DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
b. A capsid surrounded by a protein coat
c. A tail sheath surrounded by tail fibers
d. A tiny cell surrounded by a cell wall
33. _____ Binary fission occurs when a bacterium
a. Injects genetic information into a virus
b. Replicates its DNA and divides in half
c. Exchanges genetic information with another cell
d. Kills another bacteria to reproduce
34. _____Viruses enter a __________ in order to replicate
a. host cells
b. another virus
c. dead cells
d. nitrogen
35. _____Leaked fluids from the circulatory system go into the
a. Arteries
b. Capillaries
c. Veins
d. Lymphatic system
36. _____Exchange of nutrients and wastes with the body cells, takes place by diffusion through the walls
of the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Veins
Lungs
Capillaries
Arteries
37. _____The circulatory system is composed of the:
a. Lungs, heart and brain
b. Lung, blood vessels and mouth
c. Heart, arteries and veins
d. Heart, blood and lungs
38. _____Breathing occurs because of air pressure differences between the lungs and the
a. Diaphragm
b. Heart
c. Atmosphere
d. Veins
39. _____The tough layer of connective tisse surrounding each bone is called:
a. Tendon
b. Ligament
c. Periosteum
d. Cartilage
40. _____These are the type of muscles found in the walls of your organs:
a. Smooth muscle
b. Skeletal muscle
c. Cardiac muscle
d. Liver muscle
41. _____In what structure do filtration and reabsorption occur for our blood?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Liver
Stomach
Kidneys
Bladder
42. _____What is the function of the myelin sheath?
a. Send messages to the brain
b. Insulate and protect the axon
c. Carry messages away from the cell body
d. Carry messages to the cell body
43. _____
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
65. _____Diffusion moves molecules from low concentration to high concentration
66. _____Plant cells have both a cell membrane and a cell wall
67. _____Cocci are spiral shaped bacteria
68. _____Viruses are good as long as they are found in our mouth and intestines
69. _____ Sterilization is extreme heat
70. _____Red blood cells fight against disease
71. _____Arteries move blood away from the heart
72. _____Inhalation is caused by the diaphragm and the muscles in the ribcage relaxing
73. _____The windpipe is also called the pharynx
74. _____Vitamins help regulate chemical reactions in our bodies
75. _____Sensory neurons carry impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to muscles and glands
76. _____
77. _____
78. _____
Fill in the blank
What is the manipulated variable in the statement below? Write it on the line provided on the answer sheet.
Lemon trees receiving the most water produce the largest lemons
81. _______________
The more plants put in a 6 inch flower pot the slower the plants grow
82. _______________
Each investigation has at least two variables, a manipulated variable and a responding variable. What is the
manipulated variable and what is the responding variable in the following examples?
An experiment was done with six groups of children to see if scores on their weekly spelling tests were
affected by the number of minutes of spelling practice they had each day
83. Manipulated: _________________
84. Responding: _________________
Five groups of rats are fed identical diets except for the amount of Vitamin A that they receive. Each group
gets a different amount. After three weeks on their diet, the rats are weighted to see if the amount of Vitamin
A received has affected their weight.
85. Manipulated: _________________
86. Responding: _________________
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92.
93. The two divisions of the nervous system are_________________ and _________________
94. The central nervous system consists of the _____________ and the __________________
95. Study the following steps in the path of air through the respiratory system. Determine the order in
which the steps take place, beginning with air entering the body. Write the number of each step in the
space provided.
_____Air enters the alveoli
_____Air enters the pharynx and the larynx
_____Air enters the bronchi
_____Oxygen enters the capillaries
_____Air enters the trachea
_____Air enters the nose or mouth
_____Air enters the bronchioles
Short Answer (Pick three short answers to answer)
96. Describe 2 diseases of the respiratory system.
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98.
99. Explain three differences between Kevin’s and Lindsey’s skeletal system
Essay
100. Collin decides to run around the school three times. Explain four body systems that are at work to help
his body maintains homeostasis
Extra Credit
101. What is the role of protein channels in the cell membrane? (1 point)
102. What is tidal volume?
103. What does the gallbladder do for the digestive system?