Download Ecology Review I

Ecology Review II
Name _____________________________________
Energy Flow
The main source of energy for life on Earth is ____________________________.
Organisms that can create their own food from sunlight or chemicals are called ______________________________.
Organisms that use sunlight to make food are called a _______________________ and use the process of
_______________________ to make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. The balanced equation for
photosynthesis is ________________________________________________________. Photosynthesis takes place in
this plant organelle: ___________________________.
Autotrophs that get their energy from chemicals are called _____________________and the process is not
photosynthesis, but _____________________________.
This particular autotroph that is commonly called blue-green algae, is actually __________________________, a major
source of oxygen for earth.
Heterotrophs are organisms that can not make their energy and must consume the producers or other organisms, that is
why they are called _____________________.
Types of heterotrophs include:
The plant eaters(consumers) or _____________________________; the meat eaters or
_________________________________ and the “eat it all” organisms such as humans, which are called
_____________________________. Of course anything that lives must die at some point and there are organisms that
just eat dead matter which are called _____________________________. Organic matter is broken down by
__________________________, such as fungi (ex: mushrooms).
The image to the right is called a ___________ ______________.
The lowest level of the food chain is not shown, but it would be
A plant product such as grass to represent a the producer.
What level consumer would the snake be? _____________
What level consumer would the grasshopper be? ________________
Define the following and give an example of each:
Herbivore _______________________________________________________________________________________
Carnivore _______________________________________________________________________________________
Omnivore _______________________________________________________________________________________
Decomposer _____________________________________________________________________________________
Scavenger/ Detritivore _____________________________________________________________________________
Energy that comes from the sun and is absorbed or used by producers is ______________ _____________.
Energy that is stored in bonds and then released when these bonds are broken _____________ ___________.
The diagram above, called a ____________ ____________shows interconnected feeding relationships between different
organisms in an ecosystem.
Each step in a food chain or food web is called a _______________ level.
List all the interactions that involve the insectivorous birds: _______________________
_______________________________________________________________________
List a food chain on the diagram above from producer to a 4th level consumer:
________________________________________________________________________
The percent of energy that transfers from one trophic level to the next is only ________%
A measure of the total amount of living tissue in any given trophic level is called the _______-mass.
Biogeochemical cycles
The hydrologic cycle is a fancy name for the ____________ cycle. The process by which water changes from a liquid to
a gas is _____________________. Transpiration is evaporation of water from the ________________ of plants. Any
form of water that falls to the earth is called ________________________. Water vapor in the air turns to liquid and can
form on windows at night, this process is called ________________________.
This element, that is also found in diamonds, is the key ingredient for all living organisms on earth:
_____________________. Tell some ways in which carbon is cycled through the environment:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Nitrogen can be converted into a useable form by lightning or bacteria performing ____________________
____________________. Although not a usable source for most organisms, the Earth’s atmosphere is actually
__________% nitrogen. An unfortunate result of fertilizer run off is the choking of lakes and streams by algae. This
overgrowth of algae is called an ______________ _______________. Without the artificial addition of nitrogen, the
algae would not grow to excess because nitrogen is a ________________ nutrient.
This nutrient that cycles through the earth is important for teeth and bones and makes important bonds to hold our DNA
together: _____________________________.
Human Impact on the Biosphere
The earth is kept warm enough to sustain life on earth by our atmosphere trapping the suns rays. This called the
___________________ effect.
What are CFC’s? ______________________________________________________________
What causes acid rain? _________________________________________________________
List contributing factors to the hole in the ozone layer and possible consequences of its depletion.
________________________________________________________________________________
What is meant by global warming?__________________________________________________
Explain what is implied by the “greenhouse effect” and what causes
it?________________________________________________________________________________
What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources? Give examples of
each._________________________________________________________________________
What are fossil fuels and what is their direct impact on the
environment?___________________________________________________________________________
Over farming can turn once productive land into deserts. This is known as _______________________.
____________________________ is the variety of life in an area. (number of species in a certain area)
What are some threats to biodiversity? _____________loss, _________________effect, habitat ____________________,
__________ rain, and ________________ species like the lamprey, kudzu, and Giant Salvia.
What is DDT and what harmful effect does it have on the
environment?_____________________________________________________________________________
Old School Review
The particular place an organism lives within its habitat is called its ________________. Based on the Competitive
Exclusion Principle, no two species can share the same _____________ in the same habitat.
Name the following Biomes:
1. Low precipitation,can have extreme temps in the same day. cacti, mountain lions, scorpions, rattlesnakes
________________________
2. Highest level of biodiversity. Warm & moist, monkeys and parrots _________________________________________
3. Grassland with warm summers and cool winters. Midwestern US, prairie dogs, coyotes, prairie chicken.
_______________________________________
4. High seasonal rainfall with dry seasons. Generally warm year round. Many deciduous trees, orchids, tigers, monkeys,
hog deer, snakes. ___________________________________
5. Northern edge of temperate zone. Cold winters, cool summers, moderate precipitation, needle leaf trees, lynx, timber
wolf. _________________________________________
8. Permafrost; short, cools summers, ground hugging plants, artic foxes, caribou:
__________________________________________
Levels of ecological organization include;_________________, which are organisms that are so similar they can
interbreed and produce more of the same organisms.
A group of the same species in an area is a ____________________________.
All the different species in an area is called a ____________________________.
The living and non-living organisms together is called the _____________________.
An area that has the same climate is called a ________________.
All the area of earth that contains life is called the ______________________.
Organisms have many symbiotic relationships. Name the following:
One organism benefits, the other is harmed: ______________________________________
Both organisms benefit: _____________________________________________
One organism benefits, the other is unharmed ___________________________________
Name the two types of succession: __________________ _________________
What is a pioneer species?____________________________________________
Give an example-_________________
In the following table distinguish between the two types of succession
Type of Succession
Begins with….
Examples