Download Biomolecules Study Guide

Biology
Biochemistry Review – Nutrients of Life
Name_______________________________________
Date________________________________Hour____
These are the terms we have discussed, be sure that you look over each term and define the words you do not know.
Terms to review and know:
Topics:
Atoms/ions/molecules
1. Study intro to biochemistry notes
Protons, neutrons, electrons
2. Study handouts on intro to chemistry and water
Valence electrons/core electrons
3. Study carbon and organic molecules notes
nucleus/energy level
4. Study macromolecule tree map
Atomic number
5. Study macromolecule drawings
chemical bonding
6. Study hydrocarbons, functional groups handouts
covalent and ionic bonds
7. Study building molecules assignment
polar covalent/nonpolar covalent
8. There will be questions about water
hydrophobic/hydrophilic
a. Polarity and properties of water
hydrogen bonding
b. Hydrophobic/hydrophilic
c. Structure of water
organic/inorganic
d. Covalent and ionic bonding
hydrocarbons
e. Lewis structures
isomer
9.
Questions
about carbon
alkane
a. Valence electrons/Lewis structure
functional groups
b. Bonding –single, double, triple
macromolecule
c. Structure arrangement – straight, branched and ring structure
monomer/polymer
d. Carbon and covalent bonding (sharing electrons)
hydrolysis
e. Hydrocarbons – name, write molecular and structural formulas
dehydration synthesis
10. Macromolecules
carbohydrates
a. Polymers and monomers
b. Dehydration vs. Hydrolysis
monosaccharide
c. isomer
starch/simple sugar
d. Macromolecules and monomer units
lipids
e. Differences in shapes
glycerol/fatty acid
f. Recognize structures on test (carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic
proteins
acids)
peptide bond
g. Be able to find peptide bonds that link aa’s
amino acids
h. Be able to find an an -OH group, an amino group, a carboxyl
enzymes
group or a phosphate group.
nucleic acid
i. Functions of macromolecules
DNA/RNA
Old Topics:
1. Scientific method
Nucleotide
2. Microscope
3. Intro to chemistry
**STUDY, STUDY YOUR HANDOUTS AND NOTES – WE HAVE COVERED
THIS ALL IN CLASS FOR SEVERAL DAYS.
Questions: Write in complete sentences when necessary
1. Why are valence electrons important?
2. The difference between ionic and covalent is that ionic bonding is formed by the _____________________ of valence electrons and
Loss or gain / sharing
covalent bonding is formed by the _______________________ of valence electrons.
Loss or gain / sharing
3. What does polar mean?
4. Describe why water can dissolve or attract other polar molecules.
5. What is a hydrogen bond? ___________________________________________________________________The elements that
are involved in hydrogen bonding are _________, ________, _________, _________.
6. Nonpolar molecules are Hydrophobic which means water ________________ and polar or ionic molecules are hydrophilic which
means water _________________.
7. List the 6 common elements that make up organic compounds? __________________________________________________
8. What are the 5 main characteristics of an organic molecule?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9. How many valence electrons does carbon have? ______. Draw the Lewis dot structure. ______________________
10. Carbon tends to form _____________________bonds with itself and other atoms.
covalent or ionic
11. Label and draw below a single, double, and triple bond between 2 carbon atoms?
a._____________________________
b.____________________________
c._____________________________
12. The three common carbon arrangements are ______________________________and _______________________ chains and
___________________structures.
13. What two elements are found in hydrocarbons? _____________________and _____________________
14. Name the following alkane hydrocarbons using the molecular formula:
a. CH4____________________________b. C3H8_________________________c. C9H20__________________________
15. What is the molecular formula for the following hydrocarbons?
a.pentane_________________b.octane____________________.c.heptane________________
16. Draw the structural formula for Butane. Include all the hydrogens.
17. Draw 2 isomer structures for heptane.
18. _________________________are single, small repeating units that are building blocks for polymers.
19. What is the reaction called when polymers are built? Hydrolysis or Dehydration synthesis
20. What is the reaction called when polymers are broken down? Hydrolysis or Dehydration synthesis
21. What molecule is needed for #18 and 19 to occur? ___________
22. Name the four kinds of macromolecules and their monomer units.
Macromolecule
Monomer unit
23. Carbohydrates are commonly called _________________ and _________________.
24. A monosaccharide is made up of ________ sugar(s). A disaccharide is made up of _________ sugar(s). A polysaccharide is made
1 or 2
1 or 2
up of ____________sugar(s) linked together.
1 or 2 or more
25. Draw below the general structure of all carbohydrates. What elements are found in all carbohydrates? ______, ______, _______
26. _____________________is an example of a monosaccharide. __________________________is found in animals and is stored as
animal starch. ________________________is found in plants and gives plants their rigid structure. _____________________
makes the exoskeleton of insects and arthropods like shrimp and lobster.
27. A ___________________________________is the name for a typical fat and has __1, 2, or 3_ fatty acid tails.
28. Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?_______________________________Why?
29. ___________________, ___________________, and _________________________ are all examples of lipids.
30. What is the major function of lipids? ___________________________________________________________________________
31. The __________________bond links two or more amino acids together.
32. ________________________ are special proteins that speed up or increase reaction rates.
33. List the parts that will help you recognize an amino acid?
34. The part of the amino acid structure that is different of all amino acids and allows proteins to have different shapes and functions is
called the _______________.
35. List the three parts make up a nucleotide? __________________________,__________________________,___________________
36. ____________and ____________ are both examples of nucleic acids and are built from nucleotide units.
37. ________________________ and _________________________make up the nucleic acid backbone. They are located on
________________________ of the helix.
outside or inside
38. What elements are present in each nucleic acid? ________,_________,_________,________,_______
39. Nitrogen bases of DNA and RNA are found inside the helix. Reviewing the structure of DNA, __________________ bonding is the
type of attraction found between the nitrogen bases on each strand of DNA.
40. List some of the differences found between DNA and RNA.
Categories
DNA
Full name
RNA
Sugar
Base Pair Rule
Shape of structure
Function
41. List the three variables that are needed for a controlled experiment.
a.___________________________________
b.___________________________________
c.___________________________________
42. Which variable is changed by the experimenter and tested? ______________________________________
43. Write an if –then hypothesis.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
44. List two examples of qualitative data. _____________________________ and ___________________________
45. When graphing information _________________________________data is used.
Qualitative or Quantitative
46. Draw a Bohr model for Neon (Ne)
47. Draw the lewis dot structure for Silicon (Si). __________________________
48. What are the atoms outermost electrons called? ______________________________
49. What is the charge of protons? ______________Charge of electrons? _______________ Charge of neutrons? ______________
50. Where are protons and neutrons located? _________________________Where are electrons located? _______________________