Download Unit III A : Civil War 1861

Unit III A : Civil War 1861-1865 / Reconstruction
I. The Union Dissolves :
A. Many southerners equated the Republican Party with attempts to end slavery even
though the Republican position of _____________________ would have left slavery
where it existed in the South. Also, the _______________________________ decision
by the Supreme Court protected slavery.
B. The election of ____________________________ in 1860 led to the secession of seven
southern states.
C. The _________________________ Compromise would have reinstated the Missouri
Compromise line for slavery but this was rejected by the Republicans.
D. The states that had seceded established the ___________________________________ aka.
“the Confederacy “ which emphasized the power of the _________________________.
____________________________ was chosen as its president.
E. Pres. Lincoln decided to resupply Fort _____________________ in Charleston, SC. harbor
rather than let it fall into southern hands. S.C. bombarded the fort and forced its surrender.
F. Pres. Lincoln called for men to enlist in the army to put down the rebellion. This forced the
remaining southern states to choose whether to secede. The states of __________________,
__________________, __________________, and __________________ then seceded.
G. To prevent slave states bordering the North ( border states ) from seceding, Pres. Lincoln
took action. He ordered _____________________ law ( military law ) in Maryland where
mobs had attacked federal troops. Secessionist leaders were arrested and held without trial.
II. Advantages / Disadvantages :
A. Advantages
Population ( for soldiers and workers ) ______
Navy
______
More Factories
______
Railroads /transportation
______
Better Finances
_____
Better military leaders _____
Strong executive / gov’t. _____
Defensive War
_____
B. Both sides raised taxes and sold __________________ ( certificates promising repayment
with interest ) raised money. The North began the first ________________ tax ( later
ruled unconstitutional until the 16th amendment allowed it.) The North also began to issue a
national currency “__________________________” not backed by specie.
C. Government Ability to Fight the War :
1. The _________________ had a stronger national government which allowed its
president more power in carrying out the war.
a. Pres. Lincoln suspended the writ of __________________________ that
normally protects citizens from imprisonment without charges and a trial.
b. Lincoln sent troops to stop riots by Irish immigrants who protested
__________________________ ( draft )
2. The _________________ emphasized states rights so its president Jefferson Davis
could not exercise the same powers as Lincoln in conducting the war effort.
III. Party Politics in the North :
1. Democrats : The minority party in the North was divided on the war
a. ________________ Democrats : Supported the war. Opposed ending slavery.
b. ________________ Democrats ( “ _______________________” ) : Opposed
the war. Wanted to negotiate a peaceful conclusion.
2. Republicans : The majority party in the North.
a. ____________________ Republicans : A small group of Republicans that
wanted the war to end slavery. They included __________________________
and ____________________________.
IV. Wartime Diplomacy :
A. The North wanted Europe to stay out of the war.
B. The South wanted help from Europe. It believed the British navy could
break the Union blockade of southern ports. It thought Britain must help in
order to continue to receive cotton for its textile mills ( “________________________”)
C. In the ________________Affair, a Union ship boarded a British ship and captured two
Confederate diplomats. They were released to avoid war with Britain.
D. The Union protested Britain building ships for the Confederacy that attacked U.S.
merchant ships.
V. Wartime Strategy :
A. The North sought to divide and conquer the South with the _____________________
Plan ( see map )
B. The South fought a defensive war, hoping the North would sue for peace.
VI. Role of Women and Minorities :
A. Women served as nurses and took over the jobs left by men who enlisted in the
army. A few served as spies or disguised themselves as men in order to fight.
1. _____________________________, the first female physician in the U.S.
trained nurses and organized the U.S. Sanitary Commission to provide
medical assistance
2. __________________________, a nurse, later founded the American Red Cross
B. African-Americans were not allowed to enlist in the Union army until after the
Emancipation Proclamation. 200,000 served. The most famous was the
Massachusetts __________th Regiment. Black soldiers served in segregated units and were
led by white officers.
Key Battles / Campaigns of the Civil War :
A. ___________________________ ( April, 1861 ) - Start of the war
B. ___________________________ ( Feb., 1862 ) – Union captured New Orleans. Attack led
by Admiral _______________________. “Damn the torpedoes. Full speed ahead.”
C. ___________________________ ( April, 1862 ) - First battle between N & S armies.
Southern victory. Demonstrated that the war would not be over quickly.
D. ___________________________ ( June, 1862 ) Southern victory at Seven days Battle after
over cautious campaign by Union Gen. McClellan on the Yorktown, VA. Peninsula.
E. ___________________________ ( Sept., 1862 ) – Bloodiest one day battle of the war. First
Union victory. Afterwards, Pres. Lincoln issued the ______________________________
which ordered that slaves in Confederate territory be freed. ( did not apply to border states )
This changed the purpose of the war to include ending slavery.
F. ___________________________ ( June, 1863 ) – Union victory. Turning point in the war
due to the number of Confederate casualties after “_____________________________”.
G. ___________________________ ( July, 1863 ) –Union capture finalized control of the
Mississippi River.
H. ___________________________ ( Summer 1864 ) – Capture of Tennessee was start of
“Sherman’s March to the Sea”.
I. ___________________________ ( Sept., 1864 ) – Capture helped Pres. Lincoln to win
reelection over Democrat candidate George McClellan.
J. ___________________________ ( April, 1865 ) – Gen. Lee surrendered and the war ended.
Major Military Personalities of the War :
___________________________ - Cautious Union General replaced with Grant. Ran against
Pres. Lincoln in 1864.
___________________________ - Union General who led the Union army to victory.
___________________________ - Union General who waged “total war” in his “March to the
Sea”.
___________________________ - Commander of the Confederate armies.
___________________________ - Confederate General who earned the nickname “Stonewall”
at the first Battle of Bull Run.