Download 1 - Mrs. Best

United States History EOC Review Test
GOAL ONE:
1. During George Washington’s presidency, what was the major reason for conflict between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander
Hamilton?
A. Washington’s decision not to seek a third term
B. the distribution of power between the judicial branch and the legislative branch
C. the U.S. government’s decision to remain neutral in the war between France and Britain
D. Hamilton’s objection to Jefferson’s strict interpretation of the Constitution
2. Which best describes George Washington’s response to the Whisky Rebellion of 1794?
A. He gave in to the demands of the rebels.
C. He ordered the rebels executed.
B. He sent federal troops to put down the rebellion.
D. He negotiated a peace treaty with the rebels.
3. In an effort to gain support for his national debt plan (assumption), who suggested that the nation’s capital be moved from
New York City to a new city in the South?
A. George Washington
C. John Jay
B. Alexander Hamilton
D. Thomas Jefferson
4. Which statement best explains the lack of political participation by American Indians in the United States during the
Federalist period?
A. American Indians did not believe they were affected by U.S. government decisions
B. American Indians were denied U.S. citizenship.
C. American Indians refused to vote because of different views on land ownership.
D. American Indians did not support the United States’ desire to expand west of the Mississippi River.
5. Despite the pleas from women like Abigail Adams who reminded her husband to “remember the ladies”, which statement
best describes the civil rights offered to women during the Federalist period?
A. Most women only briefly gained the right to vote and hold political office during the Federalist era.
B. Women made significant political gains during this period such as earning the right to vote but they could not sit on
juries.
C. Women were treated as equals in almost every way with the exception of being able to hold the office of President
of the United States.
D. Social equality applied mainly to white landholding males and basically ignored women’s rights.
6. Which best explains the impact of Eli Whitney’s cotton gin on slavery?
A. It made harvesting cotton easier; so many slaves were set free.
B. Many slaves were trained to operate the new invention.
C. Many slaves were killed or injured working with the cotton gin.
D. It created a cotton boom and increased the need for slaves.
7. Who secured a treaty with Spain giving the United States shipping rights on the Mississippi River?
A. Edmond Genet
C. William Henry Harrison
B. Thomas Pinckney
D. John Adams
8. If America was forced to choose sides, why did Alexander Hamilton sustain the belief that the U.S. should support Great
Britain in their war against France?
A. He argued that an English victory would help the U.S. forge a better relationship with important trade partners in
the East Indies.
B. England was America’s greatest trade partner and Hamilton argued that an Anglo-American alliance was in the
best fiscal interest of the country.
C. He wanted to repair the damage that had been done by what he saw as an unfortunate an ill-conceived break with
the Great Britain.
D. Helping the British would lessen the threat of French intervention in the areas just east of the Appalachian
Mountain range.
GOAL TWO:
9. Which is an example of the concept of Manifest Destiny in action?
A. the Missouri Compromise
C. the Transatlantic Slave Trade
B. the annexation of Mexican territory
D. the Compromise of 1850
10. Why were James Fenimore Cooper’s novels The Last of the Mohicans and The Pathfinder considered the first “American”
novels?
A. Cooper focused on themes of the frontier that were prominent in American culture.
B. Cooper imitated the formal style of European essays.
C. Cooper wrote on the current political themes of abolition and temperance.
D. Cooper used European attitudes and values to form his American themes.
11. How did the artists of the Hudson River school contributed to American nationalism?
A. By painting scenes of American soldiers in battle.
B. By sculpting statues of Americans hard at work in the new factories of the Northeast.
C. By creating impressionistic paintings of American frontier life.
D. By painting scenes depicting the natural beauty found in America.
12. Which Americans benefited most from the Tariff of 1816?
A. Farmers
B. Consumers
C. Manufacturers
D. Shipping companies
13. How did the Erie Canal impact the economy of New York and the Northeast?
A. It opened waterways to greater trade, thereby making New York more dependant on foreign products.
B. It enhanced western settlements by making it easier for people to move west.
C. It broadened markets by making it easier to ship products to other parts of the country.
D. It devastated the New York economy as people and industries left the city to migrate west.
14. Which statement best exemplifies America’s movement towards sectionalism during the early 1800s?
A. The passage of the 1828 Tariff of Abomination angered many Southerners who saw it as a Northern attempt to gain
wealth at the expense of the South.
B. The Passage of the Compromise of 1840, which gave slaves virtual freedom while in free states, infuriated
Southerners who felt their constitutional rights had been violated.
C. Passage of the Wilmot Proviso was seen as a blatant sectional attempt at Northern Congressional dominance at the
expense of the South.
D. Passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was a Southern attempt at spreading slavery to the North in an effort to gain
more congressional seats.
15. How did Henry Clay help foster nationalism during the Madison administration?
A. He and other War Hawks began to promote the so called “American Party” which called for the ouster of the
Portuguese from American held territory.
B. As President Pro Tempore, he began promoting the “American System” and successfully ended the sectional debate
over tariffs.
C. He used his status as Speaker of the House to promote the “American system” which helped create a more unified
economy and promoted American self-reliance.
D. He was commissioned as U.S. Army colonel in 1816 and led his men into battle against the British under the
rallying cry, “on to Canada!”
16. Which issue discussed at the Seneca Falls Convention (1848) was most important to the people in attendance?
A. Temperance
C. Indian treaties
B. The Second Bank of the United States
D. Women’s rights
17. How did the Second Great Awakening spur increased involvement in 19th century reform movements?
A. It sparked a revival of religion in the United States that led many to be active reformers based on moral conviction.
B. It alarmed social activists to the point that they felt compelled to take action to combat its effects.
C. It caused many in US society to see social causes to be of far greater importance than any religious belief.
D. It took attention away from the issue of slavery as reformers of the mid 1800s focused on temperance, education,
and women’s issues.
GOAL THREE:
18. Why did Henry Clay propose what came to be known as the Compromise of 1850?
A. to avoid a civil war over the issue of slavery
B. to eliminate the practice of popular sovereignty
C. to provide stricter penalties for those who harbored fugitive slaves
D. to ensure that New Mexico and Utah would enter the Union as free states
19. What principle of states’ rights was upheld by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?
A. Tax exemption for farmers
C. Open land assessment
B. Popular sovereignty
D. Interstate commerce
20. Southern secession was most likely caused by what?
A. Northern leadership was angered over consistent Southern refusal to comply with tariff legislation and threatened
military action.
B. The Republican Party openly advocated for the immediate emancipation of all slaves in the Southeast which would
have caused financial disaster in the South.
C. The inability of James Crittenden to broker a comprise between the Northern and Southern leadership factions.
D. Southerners were outraged over Lincoln’s 1860 presidential victory which had happened without a single
Republican electoral vote coming from the South.
21. Which statement most accurately explains why Lincoln decided to only send “food for hungry men” to Fort Sumter as
opposed to reinforcing it militarily?
A. He wanted the Union to fire the first shots in the war.
B. He wished to treat the Confederacy as a legitimate nation.
C. He did not want to anger Republicans and slave states still in the Union.
D. He had decided to abandon Fort Sumter.
22. How did Sherman’s taking Atlanta greatly impact the 1864 election?
A. It allowed Lincoln to suspend the writ of habeas corpus in Georgia, thereby assuring that only Lincoln’s supporters
went to the polls.
B. It inspired faith in military generals, thereby leading to General McClellan being nominated for the presidency.
C. It assured Northerners that victory was in sight, thereby increasing the popularity of Lincoln and allowing him to
secure a second term.
D. It led to Lincoln’s defeat because he lost the support of southerners whom Sherman had abused.
23. Which action best illustrates President Johnson’s lack of commitment towards extending civil rights to the Freedmen?
A. He allowed many high-ranking Confederates to vote without swearing allegiance to the United States.
B. He vetoed the Freedmen’s Bureau Act and the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
C. He fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.
D. He supported a Reconstruction plan similar to President Lincoln’s plan.
24. Which statement best explains why Reconstruction ended?
A. Reconstruction policies were no longer needed when the Southern states rejoined the Union.
B. African Americans prospered financially.
C. Reconstruction was intended to be a short event that would end in 10 years.
D. Enforcement of Reconstruction Acts decreased because of political compromise.
25. What was significant about the Supreme Court’s decision in Texas v. White?
A. It established the right of African-Americans to be considered U.S. Citizens
B. It established the authority of the federal government over that of the states.
C. It overruled Congress’ decision to impeach Andrew Johnson.
D. It effectively ended Reconstruction.
GOAL FOUR:
26. Which best explains how Great Plains settlers adapted their building techniques in order to construct homes in an area
largely barren of trees?
A. They constructed homes out of buffalo hides.
C. They made houses from adobe bricks.
B. They dug into hillsides to make cave-like cabins.
D. They used sod, soil matted with grass roots.
27. Who were the exodusters?
A. European immigrants who settled on the Great Plains
B. Plains Indians forced onto reservations in the 1800s
C. Former slaves from the South who settled on the Great Plains
D. Cowboys who worked long drives in the summer and odd jobs in the winter
28. Which Statement best describes how western expansion in the early-to mid-1800s impacted Native Americans living in
the Southeast?
A. Many tribes chose to leave their homeland for the freedom of the western territories.
B. Most Native Americans were no longer crowded from their land by white settlers.
C. Native Americans were offered land of their own if they would help to settle the West.
D. Most Native Americans were removed from their homelands and relocated in what is now Oklahoma.
29. Which selection expresses the main idea of the Dawes Act?
A. It removed Indians from lands in Oklahoma to make room for white settlers.
B. It allowed Indians to return to their hunting grounds in the northern Great Plains.
C. It granted Indians self-government on the reservations.
D. It encouraged Indians to give up tribal membership and become American citizens.
30. Why did the Populist Party fail to unite poor Southern whites and African Americans against the wealthy elite?
A. The Populist Party was dominated by carpetbaggers.
B. The Populist Party never gained enough strength to attract large numbers of African-American voters.
C. The Populists could not overcome white fear of African-Americans power.
D. Whites’ were apathetic toward Populist campaigns.
31. “You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of
gold.”
—William Jennings Bryan, 1896
According to this excerpt, which idea did William Jennings Bryan promote?
A. Granger laws
C. socialism
B. diamond standard
D. bimetallism
32. Which innovation had the greatest impact on westward migration immediately after the Civil War?
A. telegraph
C. steam-powered boats
B. electricity
D. transcontinental railroad
GOAL FIVE
33. Which statement is best represented by the term “melting pot?”
A. Immigrants keeping their culture and customs.
B. Restriction of specific immigrant groups
C. Immigrants giving up their ethnic identities to create an American identity
D. Government placement of immigrants in established neighborhoods.
34. Why did many U.S. citizens resent immigrants and want to restrict immigration?
A. They feared that immigrants would not be willing to work hard and contribute to unemployment.
B. They believed that most immigrants migrated to the South and would contribute to the persecution of AfricanAmericans
C. They believed immigrants would take their jobs and did not trust their strange customs.
D. Most U.S. citizens were Catholics and were suspicious of the Protestant beliefs immigrants brought with them.
35. Which philosophy did captains of industry, such as Carnegie and Rockefeller, tend to support?
A. Extensive government regulation of business.
C. The unionization of workers.
B. The “Survival of the fittest” business model.
D. Strict conservation of the nation’s natural resources.
36. How did industrial leaders accumulate wealth during the late 1800s?
A. by collective bargaining and forming unions
B. by creating monopolies and establishing trusts
C. by developing new farming techniques
D. by selling stock to employees
37. Which statement is most associated with the Haymarket Affair?
A. The Homestead Strike caused tempers to flare and resulted in violence.
B. The Boston Police Strike made it impossible to patrol the city which led to violence.
C. Events linked to striking McCormick Harvester plant employees led to violence.
D. Events associated with the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 led to violence.
38.
?
Mediation
Negotiation
Labor Dispute
Mediation
Negotiation
Labor Dispute
Labor
Which best completes the above diagram?
A. Arbitration
B. Litigation
Management
C. Strike breaking
D. Court injunction
39. Which effect resulted from the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?
A. Hundreds of big businesses were broken into smaller ones.
B. Railroad rebates were made illegal.
C. Organization of labor unions became more difficult following the Civil War.
D. The Populist Party was broken up by the courts.
40. What impact did U.S. governmental policies have on business and industry during the late 1800s?
A. The U.S. government tried to control public and private utilities and transportation.
B. The U.S. government tried to limit and regulate industrial and business growth.
C. The U.S. government began to regulate some aspects of industry for the public good.
D. The U.S. government had little or no influence on business and industry.
GOAL SIX:
41. What is the best Social-Darwinist defense for U.S. imperialism?
A. Robber Barons deserved new markets to sell their goods and expand their businesses.
B. The United States needed to compete with European nations to prove that the United States was superior.
C. It was natural for Superior nations to economically and politically dominate less-advanced nations.
D. The United States needed to test its military strength to make any necessary improvements.
42. What was the most important motive for late nineteenth century United States imperialism?
A. to test the strength of the United States Navy
C. to find new sources of cheap labor
B. to limit the power of Great Britain and France
D. to open new markets for American-made goods
43. What was Frederick Jackson Turner’s main reason for encouraging imperialism?
A. He believed in mercantilism.
B. He believed it was essential to maintain the national spirit and keep the US strong.
C. He believed that the US had to have a strong navy.
D. He believed it was the “white man’s burden.”
44. In addition to Puerto Rico, which territories were acquired by the United States as part of the peace treaty that ended the
Spanish-American War?
A. Cuba and the Philippines
C. the Philippines and Guam
B. Cuba and Guam
D. the Philippines and Hawaii
45. The terms “Big Stick” and “Good Neighbor” are generally used when discussing U.S. connection with which area of the
world?
A. Latin America
C. Eastern Europe
B. the Middle East
D. Africa
46. Which 1904 policy was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine and stated that the U.S. would police the Western hemisphere?
A. The Taft Dollar Diplomacy Decree
C. The Roosevelt Corollary
B. The Wilson Missionary Consequence
D. The McKinley Addendum
47. What did Woodrow Wilson hope to see flourish as a result of his “missionary diplomacy”?
A. U.S. business interests in Haiti
C. democracy in the Western Hemisphere
B. federal protection of citizens in New Mexico
D. U.S. investments in Latin America
GOAL SEVEN:
48. What was the main reason for the 19th century Social Gospel movement?
A. It was a fundamentalist religious movement that focused on the conversion of resent immigrants who came from
faiths other than Christianity.
B. It was a Protestant movement that stressed social reform but was rooted in the Social Darwinist tradition of “survival
of the fittest.”
C. It was a missionary movement aimed at converting non-believers to Christianity and promoting self reliance rather
than direct charity for the poor.
D. It was a movement based on the belief that Christians had a responsibility to help improve working conditions and
alleviate poverty.
49. Which statement best describes the term “muckraking” journalism?
A. A style of journalism popularized by Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst that relied heavily on
sensationalized and exaggerated reporting.
B. A style of political campaigning popularized by Theodore Roosevelt which utilized a tactic known as holding the “Bully
Pulpit” or manipulating the press.
C. A style of journalism popularized by individuals such as Lincoln Steffens and Ida Tarbell who used journalism to
expose the corruption present in business and politics.
D. A genre of fiction popularized by Upton Sinclair and Theodore Dreiser the focused on greatly exaggerated tales of
wealth and propagated the “rages to riches” mentality.
50. What impact did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) have on unions?
A. It helped unions because anti-trust laws could no longer be used to break up monopolies.
B. It hurt unions because anti-trust laws could no longer be used to fire workers without fair warning.
C. It helped unions because anti-trust laws could no longer be used to prevent the 40 hour work week.
D. It helped unions because anti-trust laws could no longer be used to defeat or break up labor unions.
51. Which action most profoundly changed national election politics?
A. The Hepburn Act
B. The Elkins Act
C. The Eighteenth Amendment
D. The Nineteenth Amendment
52. “As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, in nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and
fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by
you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defense of yours, interlacing our
industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one. In all things
that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.” –
Booker T. Washington, 1895
Which choice best explains the meaning of this statement?
A. African-Americans will prosper when all occupations are respected.
B. African-Americans would never achieve full social and economic equality.
C. African Americans would never be able to trust their white neighbors.
D. African-American social equality must be compromised for economic integration.
53. How did the use of literacy tests impact the post-Civil War South?
A. They led to an increase in voter turnout by African Americans
B. They led to the election of more African American government officials in the South
C. They led to the disenfranchisement of a large number of African Americans.
D. They led to an increase in the power of the Republican Party in the South
54. Why was the Bessemer process an important technological innovation?
A. It allowed for the development of electrical power at a consumer friendly rate.
B. It allowed for the easier and more cost effective manufacture of steel.
C. It allowed for the harvesting of grain at a rate five times faster than the reaper.
D. It allowed for a more hygienic and sanitary form of meat processing.
55. How did Henry Ford revolutionize the auto industry?
A. He introduced the idea of assembling cars entirely by machine, targeted only the upper classes as customers, and
was the first to ship cars to Japan.
B. He invented the automobile and was the first to mass produce the product, and introduced the idea of offering
consumers the choice or more than one color.
C. He saw workers as potential customers, paid them the unheard of wage of $5 / day, and introduced a more efficient
assembly line for mass production.
D. He introduced the automatic transmission, was the first to add cruise control, and used plastic instead of metal for
the body.
GOAL EIGHT:
56. “Consciously or otherwise, but mostly consciously, we are asked to depart from it [neutrality] in behalf of one belligerent
whom our personal sympathies largely favor, and against another belligerent whom our personal feelings largely condemn. In
my opinion, this is the road that may lead us to war, and I will not voluntarily take it…”
-Senator Arthur Vandenberg
What philosophy did Senator Vandenberg most likely support?
A. totalitarianism
C. isolationism
B. expansionism
D. interventionism
57. What was the main purpose of the George Creel led Committee on Public Information during World War I?
A. to persuade United States citizens to support the war
B. to recruit young United States citizens for the armed forces
C. to raise money for the government by selling stocks and securities
D. to enlist the aid of women and children in producing more food
58. Which choice best represents the impact of unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram?
A. They led to eventual U.S. involvement in “Dollar Diplomacy.”
B. They are seen as immediate causes of World War I in Europe.
C. They helped spur America’s 1917 entry into World War I.
D. They facilitated the development of Wilson’s Fourteen points.
59. What impact did the arrival of the American Expeditionary Force (A.E.F) have on the outcome of the Great War?
A. The arrival of the “Doughboys” encouraged Russia not to pull out of the war as many expected they would have
done.
B. The arrival of American soldiers and resources encouraged Germany to ask for peace talks with the other Allied
powers.
C. The Americans were fresh and eager to engage the enemy in battle and their arrival marked a turning point in the
war.
D. General John. J. “Blackjack” Pershing’s arrival brought about a restructuring of the Allied High command and
resulted in American leadership on the Eastern front.
60. How did U.S. participation in World War I impact foreign policy in the decade following the war?
A. The United States became isolated in its diplomatic and political relations.
B. The United States used the military to acquire new territories
C. The United States joined the League of Nations.
D. The United States strengthened its alliance in Latin America
GOAL NINE:
61. How did the 1929 stock market crash negatively impact American banks?
A. It produced a ripple effect, forcing many banks to close.
B. It affected only small banks and not larger ones.
C. It caused a few banks closures but most reopened within days.
D. It had little impact on banking as compared to the impact on other industries.
62.
Access to easy
credit
?
Severe drought
in the Midwest
Onset of the Great
Depression in the United
States
Which statement best completes the diagram above?
A. Failure of the League of Nations
B. Buying stock on margin
63. Which choice best defines welfare capitalism?
A. the creation of business trade associations
B. the nationalization of all industry
C. High prices for farm commodities
D. Establishment of stricter banking regulation
C. public ownership of utilities and all means of
transportation
D. businesses offerings such as profit sharing and pension
plans
64. Which best describes the subjects of novelist John Steinbeck and photojournalist Dorothea Lange during the 1930s?
A. Migrant workers, sharecroppers, and the homeless
C. Bankers, stockbrokers, and real-estate dealers
B. Sailors, fishermen, and food packers
D. Police, firemen, and postal workers
65. Which choice best illustrates why Prohibition failed?
A. It became obvious that the “noble experiment” caused serious economic problems.
B. Americans were willing to break laws that interfered with their personal quest for pleasure.
C. Americans became disillusioned with Prohibition once they recognized that it was linked to organized crime.
D. It was completely outside the traditional American value system.
66. “It was a masterful move by a masterful politician; a perfect example of how a leader can use technological advancement to
his advantage. For the first time a president could speak to citizens as they sat in their own living rooms. He could encourage,
inspire, console, and inform them all at one time. And he could make sure that his take on things was the take they got.”
To what is this quote is most likely referring?
A. Woodrow Wilson’s “make the world safe for democracy” speech.
B. Harding’s inaugural address
C. Hoover’s appeal to U.S. citizens following the start of the Great Depression.
D. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s fireside chats
67. Why did modernists claim victory in the Scopes trial?
A. They believed the testimony in the trial proved fundamentalism to be illogical.
B. They believed that William Jennings Bryan’s eloquent defense of academic freedom led to greater acceptance of the
idea.
C. The U.S. Supreme Court subsequently overturned John T. Scopes’ conviction.
D. Within days of the verdict, Tennessee repealed the law that prohibited teachers from discussing evolution in the
classroom.
68. Which statement is true of many Harlem Renaissance writers?
A. They accepted the accommodationist approach of Booker T. Washington.
B. They expressed the same feelings as those expressed by the white “lost generation.”
C. They rejected their African heritage to better fix into mainstream literature.
D. They largely rejected white culture and exalted the “New Negro.”
69. Which statement concerning Dr. Francis E. Townsend and his role in the “New Deal” is true?
A. He called for freed food and shelter for families headed by unemployed males who would agree to enroll in a
government-financed job-training program.
B. He proposed the Agricultural Adjustment Act which would grant fifty-acres to poor farmers who would agree to
give 10 percent of their first-year profit to the government.
C. He advocated government payments of $200 per month to all citizens over age sixty and influenced the
establishment of the Social Security System.
D. He advanced the idea of a government-financed medical-insurance plan for all citizens over age sixty often called
Medicare.
70. Which statement best defines the true intent of F.D.R.’s “New Deal” legislation?
A. It was implemented in an effort to combat the social ills of racism and prejudice that had so negatively impacted
the American South.
B. It was implemented in an effort to help stimulate the economy and counter the effects of the Great Depression.
C. It was implemented to secure the Republican position in the Whitehouse and used as a campaign tool in the 1936
Presidential election.
D. It was implemented to encourage popular support for U.S. involvement in World War II in an effort to sell War
Bonds.
GOAL TEN:
71. Which statement best explains the rise of totalitarianism governments in Europe during the 1930s?
A. Many European nations were desperate for help in recovering from the depression and saw leaders like Hitler and
Mussolini as the answer to their problems.
B. There was no United Nations or League of Nations to prevent a Communist takeover and as a result Joseph Stalin and
his Soviet regime came to dominate the region.
C. The philosophy of fascism as espoused by Leon Trotsky was sure to spread across war-ravaged Europe due to the
heavy infusion of jingoism in the post Cold-War era.
D. The people such as Marcos and Tito demonized democracy because the United Stated was prospering in the 1930s
while every other country was languishing.
72. Why did many U.S. congressmen dislike Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Quarantine Speech (1937)?
A. They feared it would lead to United States involvement in World War II.
B. They feared it would interfere with U.S. trade relations with China
C. They feared it would cause the United States to become more isolationists.
D. They feared it would increase immigration problems.
73. What was the intension of Franklin Roosevelt’s Lend Lease proposal?
A. To give aid to German minorities stuck behind enemy lines without officially entering the war
B. To forgive the World War I debts of Great Britain, Russia, and France and help the allies without officially entering the
war
C. To allow United States companies the right to sell supplies to any Allied country without officially entering the war
D. To provide arms for the Allies to use against the Germans without officially entering the war
74. Which two World War II naval victories marked a positive turning point for U.S. forces in the Pacific?
A. Battle of Burma; Battle of Okinawa
C. Battle of Guadalcanal; Battle of Iwo Jima
B. Battle of Coral Sea; Battle of Midway
D. Battle of Aleutian Islands; Bombing of Hiroshima
75. Which best describes the goal of the Manhattan Project?
A. The U.S. government program intended to increase radar air defense for coastal cities.
B. The U.S. government program with the goal of constructing five new aircraft carriers for the Pacific theater
between 1942-1943.
C. The U.S. government program intended to end World War II by stimulating anti-Nazi sentiment through controlling
the German press.
D. The U.S. government program focused on the development of an atomic bomb.
76. During the 1950s, school enrollments increased by 13 million. School districts struggled to build more facilities, and a new
school was built in California every seven days. What was responsible for this post-World War II growth rate?
A. the Supreme Court decision if Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
B. Norman Vincent Peale and The Power of Positive Thinking
C. The baby boom, which continued into the mid-1960s
D. Dr. Benjamin Spock’s book, Baby and Child Care
77. Which group suffered official discrimination during World War II?
A. German Americans
C. Japanese Americans
B. All females
D. White males
78. Although officially the Marshall Plan was directed “not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty,
desperation, and chaos” what was its underlying intent?
A. to prevent the spread of communism in Western
C. to prevent a communist takeover in Vietnam
Europe
D. to divide postwar Germany into four zones
B. to form an alliance with South American democracies
79. Which term best describes the foreign policy of both President Harry Truman and President Lyndon Johnson?
A. imperialism
C. containment
B. nationalism
D. appeasement
80. Which statement is true concerning powers of the United Nations?
A. It can send United Nations soldiers from member nations as “peacekeeping forces” around the world.
B. It can force warring member nations to submit their disagreements to the Security Council.
C. It includes the United States and Japan, but not Iran, Israel, or the Russia.
D. It uses most of its funds to bring nations to the International Court of Justice for prosecution.
81. Which best describes the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) which was created in 1954?
A. It was alliance aimed at spurring economic progress Southeast Asia.
B. It was a postwar plan of aid to Southeast Asian countries.
C. It was a postwar diplomatic recognition of the independent state of Vietnam.
D. It was primarily created to block further communist gains in Southeast Asia.
GOAL ELEVEN:
82. How did the Soviet launch of Sputnik (1957) impact American society?
A. It proved that the Soviet Union could merely duplicate American accomplishments which cased a great degree of
national pride.
B. It caused a demand for more emphasis on math and science in American schools because the Russians had bested
American ingenuity.
C. It resulted in a better relationship and scientific sharing between the Soviet Union and the United States.
D. It resulted in the federal government cutting back on spending for education in an effort to increasing defense
spending.
83. Which statement concerning the Rosenbergs trial is correct?
A. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg confessed to spying for the Soviet Union.
B. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of selling war secrets to Nazi Germany.
C. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of espionage, condemned, and then executed.
D. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of espionage, but later pardoned by the president.
84. Which mid 1950s event is often regarded as the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement?
A. The assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
B. The bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama.
C. The arrival of the Freedom Riders in the South.
D. The decision of the Supreme Court in Swan v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education.
85. Which action taken by President Harry S Truman represents an attempt to respond to civil rights concerns?
A. desegregating schools
C. outlawing segregation in federal buildings
B. desegregating the military
D. outlawing segregation in public transportation
86. Which best describes the social change that took place in the U.S. from the 1950s to the 1960s?
A. From conformity to rebellion.
C. From alienation to conformity.
B. From ignorance to despair
D. From innocence to realism.
87. Who was most responsible for championing the rights of poor migrant workers during the 1960s?
A. Dennis Banks
C. Malcolm X
B. Stokely Carmichael
D. Cesar Chavez
88. How did the domino theory influence the United States’ role in the Vietnam War?
A. The United States adopted a position of neutrality
B. Vietnamization became the new U.S. foreign policy.
C. It convinced the United States to become involved in the war.
D. It forced the United States to support the Vietcong.
89. Which statement about U.S. involvement in Vietnam is true?
A. Congress authorized the escalation of United States military activity in Vietnam after communist forces allegedly
attacked United States naval vessels.
B. United States involvement in the war did not occur until after Diem’s assassination in 1963.
C. Nixon’s expansion of the war into Cambodia drew strong support at home particularly from those on college
campuses.
D. The Tet Offensive proved the success of the containment doctrine and effectively ended the war.
90. Which quote best reflects the importance of the 1960 presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon?
A. “That night is a night that will live in the heats and minds of Americans forever; it is the night the innocence died.” –
J. Rendell Crenshaw
B. “That night all of American tuned in to see who would really take a stand against the war in Vietnam; they got
nothing but Machiavellian politics.” –Andrew McCaunalty
C. “That night, image replaced the printed word as the natural language of
politics.” –Russell Baker
D. “That night the Soviet Union was forced to realize that Americans were politically divided internally but united
against the threat of Communism.” –Gordon Flensburg
91. How did the invention of the atomic bomb affect the postwar world?
A. European nations were afraid to stand up to United States aggression.
B. The United Nations became merely a symbolic organization with no real power.
C. The Japanese people continued to defy the United States, even with the prospect of total annihilation.
D. A nuclear arms race developed between the United States and the Soviet Union.
92. What event would John F. Kennedy and many others have considered the most dangerous Cold War confrontation during
his presidency and perhaps the entire era?
A. The space race
C. The SALT II talks
B. The Cuban missile crisis
D. The Berlin Wall Crisis
GOAL TWELVE:
93. Which statement best defines the policy known as détente?
A. Eisenhower’s efforts to prevent the spread of communism in the Far East by creating S.E.A.T.O.
B. Kennedy’s attack on French and Vietnamese imperialists after he had encouraged international self-determination.
C. Nixon’s effort to ease tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union by negotiating the Strategic Arms
Limitation Treaty.
D. Reagan’s commitment to negotiate with worldwide Communist organizations to end “wars of liberation.”
94. Who benefited most from the Camp David Accords?
A. Israel and the Palestinians
B. Israel and Egypt
C. Iran and Iraq
D. Israel and Syria
95. Which occurrence is largely responsible for the great upsurge in female sports teams on college campuses over the past
thirty years?
A. Studies by medical researchers showing a direct correlation between women’s participation in sports and good
mental health.
B. Title IX of the higher Education Act of 1972.
C. The popularity and influence of the book Our Body Ourselves which led to an upsurge in physical fitness.
D. The sex discrimination provision of the 1964 Civil Right s Act.
96. What do Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) and the Equal Access Act (1984) have in common?
A. They both involve issues concerning freedom of
C. They both involve issues concerning freedom of
the press.
religion.
B. They both involve issues concerning freedom of
D. They both involve issues concerning freedom of
speech.
petition.
97. Which factor was a major cause of the stagnant economy in the United States during the early 1970s?
A. the dependency on imported food
B. the increased prices for gasoline
C. the decline in service sector jobs
D. the increased production of automobiles
98. Why did some believe that Ronald Reagan had a “turn-back-the-clock” mentality in regards to foreign, economic, and
domestic policies?
A. Because of Reagan’s isolationism in foreign policy and governmental intervention in business and the economy.
B. Due to Reagan’s confrontational foreign policy concerning Communist aggression and his reduction of governmental
regulation in business and industry.
C. As a result of Reagan’s philosophy of détente in foreign policy and increasing governmental intrusion in business and
the national economy.
D. By recognizing that Reagan’s philosophy of interventionism in foreign policy was directly tied to his plan to increase
the growth of the welfare state.
99. Which U.S. Supreme Court decision made it illegal to achieve diversity through the use of racial quotas?
A. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)
B. Swann v. Board of Education of Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina (1971)
C. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
D. Texas v. Johnson (1989)
100. What policy was followed when American forces decided to attack Iraq before Saddam Hussein could further develop
weapons of mass destruction?
A. Retaliation
B. Pre-emptive action
C. Covert operations
D. Brinksmanship
ANSWERS
1. D
11.
2. B
12.
3. B
13.
4. B
14.
5. D
15.
6. D
16.
7. B
17.
8. B
18.
9. B
19.
10. A 20.
D
C
C
A
C
D
A
A
B
D
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
A
C
B
D
B
D
C
D
D
C
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
D
D
C
C
B
B
C
A
B
C
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
C
D
B
C
A
C
C
D
C
D
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
D
D
C
B
C
C
A
C
C
A
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
A
B
D
A
B
D
A
D
C
B
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
A
A
D
B
D
C
C
A
C
A
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
D
B
C
B
B
A
D
C
A
C
91. D
92. B
93. C
94. B
95. B
96. C
97. B
98. B
99. C
100.B