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Genetic Crosses that Involve 2 Traits--Complex Problems In llamas, floppy ears are dominant to pointy ears.Ý Also in llamas, bowlegs are recessive. 1. Develop a "key"Ý showing the letters for the two traits. (Each trait should have a different letter). Show the phenotypes of your letters too. Ex: FF = floppy ears. LL = normal legs 2. A llama with floppy ears (Ff) and bowlegs is crossed with one that is heterozygous for both traits. Show the genotypes of these two parents 3. Draw a punnet square showing the resulting offspring 4. Show the ratios of the resulting phenotypes, use fractions. 5. A llama that has pointy ears and bowlegs is crossed with one that is homozygous dominant for both traits. Show the genotypes of the parents. 6. Draw a punnet square showing the resulting offspring 7. Show the ratios of the resulting phenotypes, use fractions 8. A llama that is heterozygous for both traits is crossed with another llama that is heterozygous for both traits. Show the genotypes of the two parents. 9. Draw a punnet square showing the resulting offspring. 10. Show the ratios of the resulting phenotypes, use fractions. Oompah Loompa Genetics Mendelian Genetics and Codominance SHOW ALL WORK and PUNNET SQUARES 1. Oompahs generally have blue faces which is caused by a dominant gene. The recessive condition results in an orange face. Develop a "key" to show the genotypes and phenotypes possible for Oompa Loompas. 2. Two heterozygous OOmpahs are crossed. What proportion of the offspring will have orange faces. 3. A blue faced Oompah (homozygous) is married to an orange faced Oompah. They have 8 children. How many children will have blue faces? 4. Otis Oompah has an orange face and is married to Ona Oompah who has a blue face. They have 60 children, 31 of them have orange faces. What are the genotypes of the parents. 5. Odie Oompah has a blue face. In fact, everyone in Odie's family has a blue face, and the family boasts that it is a "pure" line. Much to his family's horror, he married Ondi Oompah who "gasp" has an orange face. What are the gentoypes of their children. Is Odie's line still "pure"? 6. Ona Oompah (from#4) divorces Otis and marries Otto. Otto has an orange face. What is the probability that Ona and Otto's children will have orange faces? 7. Oompahs can have red, blue or purple hair. Purple hair results from the heterozygous condition. Make a "key" showing the genotypes and phenotypes for hair color. Is this an example of codominance or incomplete dominance? 8. Orville Oompah has purple hair and is married to Opal Oompah who brags that she has the bluest hair in the valley. How many of Opal's children will be able to brag about their blue hair also? 9. One of Opal's children is born with shocking red hair. Is Orville the father of this child (show the square to prove your answer)? But wait, Opal swears she has been faithful and claims that the hospital goofed and got her baby mixed with another. Is this a plausible explanation. Show the square to prove your answer. 10. Olga Oompah has red hair and marries Oliver Oompah who has blue hair. They have 32 children. What color is their children's hair? 11. Olivia Oompah is married to Odo Oompah and they both have purple hair. What color hair and in what proportion would you expect their children to have? 12. In the land of Oompah, blue hair is highly valued, blue haired Oompahs even get special benefits. Oscar Oompah has purple hair but he wants to find a wife that will give him blue haired children. What color hair should his wife have? What would be his second choice? Practice: Codominance and Incomplete Dominance 1. Practice setting up keys for the phenotypes listed in each set. Remember that the "medium" trait must always be heterozygous. a) Birds can be blue, white, or white with blue-tipped feathers. b) Flowers can be white, pink, or red. c) A Hoo can have curly hair, spiked hair, or a mix of both curly and spiked. d) A Sneech can be tall, medium, or short. e) A Bleexo can be spotted, black, or white. 2. Now, can you figure out in the above list, which of the letters represent codominant traits and which are incomplete. Codominant _____________ Incompletely Dominant ________________ 3. In Smileys, eye shape can be starred, circular, or a circle with a star. Write the genotypes for the pictured phenotypes 4. Show the cross between a star-eyed and a circle eyed. What are the phenotypes of the offspring? ____________ What are the genotypes? __________ 5. Show the cross between a circle-star eyed, and a circle eyed. How many of the offspring are circle-eyed? ____________ How many of the offspring are circle-star eyed? ____________ 6. Show the cross between two circle-star eyed. How many of the offspring are circle-eyed? ____________ How many of the offspring are circle-star eyed? ____________ How many are star eyed? ____________ Genetics: X Linked Genes In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red is dominant to white. 1. What are the sexes and eye colors of flies with the following genotypes: XRXr _________________ XRY _________________ XRXR _________________ XrY _________________ 2. What are the genotypes of these flies: white eyed, male ____________ red eyed female (heterozygous) ________ white eyed, female ___________ red eyed, male ___________ 3. Show the cross of a white eyed female X r X r with a red-eyed male X R Y 4. Show a cross between a pure red eyed female and a white eyed male. What are the genotypes of the parents: ___________& _______________ . How many are: white eyed, male___ white eyed, female ___ red eyed, male ____ red eyed, female ____ 5. Show the cross of a red eyed female (heterozygous) and a red eyed male. What are the genotypes of the parents? ___________ & ________________ How many are: white eyed, male___ white eyed, female ___ red eyed, male ____ red eyed, female ____ Math: What if in the above cross, 100 males were produced and 200 females. How many total red-eyed flies would there be? ____________ 6. In humans, hemophilia is a sex linked trait. Females can be normal, carriers, or have the disease. Males will either have the disease or not (but they won’t ever be carriers) = female, normal = male, normal = female, carrier = male, hemophiliac = female, hemophiliac Show the cross of a man who has hemophilia with a woman who is a carrier. What is the probability that their children will have the disease? __________ 7. A woman who is a carrier marries a normal man. Show the cross. What is the probability that their children will have hemophilia? What sex will a child in the family with hemophilia be? 8. A woman who has hemophilia marries a normal man. How many of their children will have hemophilia, and what is their sex? 9. In cats, the gene for calico (multicolored) cats is codominant. Females that receive a B and an R gene have black and oRange splotches on white coats. Males can only be black or orange, but never calico. B R Here’s what a calico female’s genotype would look like. X X Show the cross of a female calico cat with a black male? What percentage of the kittens will be black and male? _________ What percentage of the kittens will be calico and male? _________ What percentage of the kittens will be calico and female? _________ 10. Show the cross of a female black cat, with a male orange cat. What percentage of the kittens will be calico and female? _____ What color will all the male cats be? ______