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The Nature of History: Terms/ Concepts AD/ BC/ BCE/ CE/ BP Archaeology Artifact dendrochronology Excavation/ dig fossil history human geography inorganic remains Organic remains Palaeontology Physical geography Pre-history radio-carbon/ carbon- 14 strata Stratigraphy thermolominescence Primary and secondary sources What methods does an archaeologist use and when? What is the role of archaeology in the study of history? Human Development: Terms/ Concepts “Origin of Species” evolution adaptation heredity Ardipithecus Ramidus Hominid Australopethicus Afarensis Homo erectus Bipedalism Homo habilis Chance mutation Homo Neanderthalensis Charles Darwin Homo sapiens sapiens creation story Laetoli Beds Cro-magnon Lithos Cultural epoch Mary Leaky Donald Johansson Mesolithic What factors are common in many creation stories? Why is historical context important to consider when examining creation stories? Explain in detail Darwin’s theory of evolution. How did he influence our perception of the past? What are the 2 theories that explain the development of tools? Why is bipedalism so important in human development? Explain the concept that human evolution happened from the ground up. Why was the discovery/ control of fire significant? How did it impact human development? Compare Neanderthals and Humans in terms of physical features and technology. What are the theories about the disappearance of Neanderthals? Explain the characteristics of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic ages. Using at 3 hominid species, explain the development of tools. What are the three metal ages? Why are they significant? Early River Civilizations: Terms/ Concepts Age of Metals Epic of Gilgamesh Agricultural Revolution Euphrates Akkad/ Akkadians Fertile Crescent Assyria Hammurabi Babylonia Hittites Catal Huyuk Irrigation Chaldeans Jericho City-state Jordan “Cradle of Civilization” “Land Between the Rivers” Cubit Levee Cuneiform Mesopotamia Divination Neolithic Revolution Edubba Nomadic/ sedentary monotheism natural law natural pressure natural selection Neolithic Paleolithic polytheism Scopes Trial survival of the fittest Pictogram Polytheistic Sargon I Scribe Seed plow Shaduf Stylus Sumer The Epic of Gilgamesh Standard of Ur Tigris Ziggurat The Great Leap Forward- What does this mean? Why was there a shift from hunting and gathering to farming? Map work- see map of Ancient Mesopotamia in your binder The impact of geography upon the Mesopotamians Reasons why early farmers settled in river valleys Fertile Crescent/ Cradle of Civilization Pros and cons of the Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution) refer to article “The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race?” Explain the 3 levels of industry as applied to the development of villages, towns and cities. Feature of a civilization (7) Examples of first cities (ie: Jordan, Jericho, Catal Huyuk) Sumerian accomplishments Explain the social structure/ hierarchy in Mesopotamian civilizations Explain the role and significance of scribes in Mesopotamia Timeline of various rulers/dominant groups in Mesopotamia Hammurabi’s laws/ Analysis of laws Babylonian Society and Accomplishments Ancient Egypt: Terms/ Concepts Akhenaton Ankh Anthropomorphic Ba Djoser Hatshepsut Hieratic/ demotic script Imhotep Jean Francois Champollion Ka Scribe Sneferu The Empire Age The Hyksos The pyramid age The Rosetta Stone The Sphinx Thutmose II Thutmose III Tutankhamen The Gift of the Nile- explain this concept clearly with good examples The importance of geography Map work- see map of Ancient Egypt in your binder The three seasons in Ancient Egypt based upon the Nile The Ages of Egyptian history Significant Pharaohs and their most notable accomplishment (s) Egyptian social structure: pyramid 3 powers of governing/ structure of government Pyramids- all types we covered and who built them How was a pyramid built? Daily life in Egypt (Status of women, Children, Marriage, Soldier, Scribe) General beliefs about gods The importance of the afterlife Role of priests Process of mummification Funeral practices: Opening of the Mouth and Weighing of the Heart ceremonies Hieroglyphics: 4 stages of writing Art: conventions Science :Math, Medicine, Astronomy, Time Ancient Greece: Terms /Concepts Acropolis Agamemnon Asia Minor Athens Attica Bronze Age Colonization Dark Ages Darius Delphi Democracy Dorians Fresco Heinrich Schliemann Khufu Ma’at Mastaba Menes/ Narmer Middle Kingdom monotheism New Kingdom Old Kingdom Pharaoh Ramses II Homer Hoplite King Minos Knossos Linear A & B Marathon Militarism Minoan Minotaur Monarchy Mycenae Oligarchy Oracle Ostracism Peloponnesus Persians Polis/ city states Sparta Thera Trireme Trojan horse Trojan War Tyranny Xerxes Zeus Geography and its impact on the Greeks- Map work!! Minoans (geography, origins, trade, mythology, palaces, writing, art, activities, invasion) Mycenaeans (Troy, culture, origins, demise) Dark Ages (migration, Dorian invasion, loss of writing etc.) Homer (Iliad, Odyssey, Homeric Age, heroes and history) Factors that contributed to Greek unity (language, shared history, shared religion, Olympics) Life in Athens/ Sparta (education, government, trade, slavery, childhood, status of women. Citizenship) Persian Wars (causes and effects) Peloponnesian War(causes and effects)