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PHOTOSYNTHESIS . . . MAKING FOOD Almost all life on Earth depends on food made by organisms that can perform photosynthesis. Green leaves are food factories. Along with energy from sunlight, they take in raw materials from the air and soil and use those materials to make food. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, diatoms, and certain forms of bacteria make carbohydrates (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water, using energy captured from sunlight by chlorophyll, and releasing excess oxygen as a byproduct. In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts - - the organelles that give leaves their color. The food then travels throughout the plant. Chloroplasts are the food producers of the cell. They are only found in plant cells; Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. Every green plant you see is working to convert the energy of the sun into sugars. Plants are the basis of all life on Earth. They create sugars, and the byproduct of that process is the oxygen that we breathe. That process happens in the chloroplast. Mitochondria work in the opposite direction and break down the sugars and nutrients that the cell receives. The purpose of the chloroplast is to make sugars and starches. They use a process called photosynthesis to get the job done. Photosynthesis is the process of a plant taking energy from the Sun and creating sugars. When the energy from the Sun hits a chloroplast, chlorophyll uses that energy to combine carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). The molecular reactions create sugar and oxygen (O2). Plants and animals then use the sugars (glucose) for food and energy. Animals also use the oxygen to breathe.