Download Unit 5. Day 7. Macromolecule Build CW

Macro.
CW
Macro.
Name: ________________________ Date: _______________ Period: _______
Macromolecule Build
5.7
Instructions: Today in class you will be constructing models of the four
macromolecules we have studied in class. Make sure to answer the questions as you proceed.
What are we studying? For the past few weeks, we have been studying the molecules needed for healthy living. These
compounds are present in varying quantities in the foods that we eat.
Objective: To review the monomers that repeat to form macromolecules.
Materials:
•
Scissors
•
Tape/Glue
•
Monomer Print-outs
•
Amino Acid structure chart
Procedure:
1. Answer the following pre-lab questions before beginning.
a. QUESTION: What are the four macromolecules?
b. QUESTION: For each of the four macromolecules you listed above, what is the monomer (building block)?
1. Before beginning, each person in your group needs to select a role for the lab. Your group should have:
 MATERIALS MANAGER: This scientist is responsible for gathering/returning all of the materials to/from the
front of the room. Also responsible for throwing away any and all trash.
 SCISSORS MANAGER: This scientist will be responsible for the cutting of monomer pages. Also responsible
for taping/gluing.
 GROUP MANAGER: This scientist will keep time (for experiments and clean-up) and make sure their fellow
scientists are kept on track. Also responsible for making sure group members record answers to questions.
2. Take a look at your materials. Make sure that you have the correct print-outs for each of the four macromolecules.
3. First, you will be constructing carbohydrates. In order to do this, you should:
a. Find your papers containing glucose molecules.
b. In order to connect two glucose molecules to one another, you must remove an -H from one glucose and an -OH
from another. To do this, your Scissors Manager should cut the two glucose molecules on the dotted lines (-H
from one, -OH from other).
c. After cutting on the dotted lines, secure the two glucose molecules by taping/gluing them together.
d. QUESTION: When you connect the two glucose molecules to one another, you remove an -H from one and an OH from the other. Taken together, what molecule have you removed?
e. QUESTION: When two glucose molecules (monosaccharides) are linked together, what is the name for the
resulting molecule?
Name: ________________________ Date: _______________ Period: _______
Macromolecule Build
f.
QUESTION: What elements are found in a glucose molecule?
g. QUESTION: Looking at one of the glucose molecules, what is the general shape of glucose?
h. Continue on, cutting and pasting the glucose molecules until you have created a polysaccharide.
i. Sugars are named ending with the letters -ose. Create a name for your polysaccharide and record it on your
polysaccharide AND in the space below.
Name of Polysaccharide: _____________________________________________
4. Next, you will move on to construct two lipids, a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat. In order to this, you will:
a. Find your glycerol molecules and your fatty acid chains.
b. QUESTION: Compare the saturated fatty acid chain and the unsaturated fatty acid chain. How do they differ?
c. To connect a fatty acid to the glycerol molecule, you must remove an -H from the glycerol molecule and an -OH
from the fatty acid chain. Take three saturated chains and build a saturated fat by cutting on the dotted lines and
taping/gluing the fatty acid chains to the glycerol backbone.
d. To create an unsaturated fat molecule, you will follow step c, except you will connect two saturated fatty acid
chains and one unsaturated fatty acid chain.
e. QUESTION: Lipids are unique from the other macromolecules in that they are not considered polymers. Given
that polymers are large molecules made of repeating units, why would a lipid not be considered a polymer?
f.
QUESTION: Lipids are also unique in that they are hydrophobic. Based on the structure of the word
hydrophobic, what do you think this word means (hint: hydro- means what and -phobic means what)? Why might
this be important in the human body?
5. Next you will construct a polypeptide chain. In order to do so, you will need your amino acid supply as well as your
assigned amino acid sequence and you will do the following:
a. Make sure your amino acid structure chart is handy.
b. Using your structure chart, work through your amino acids to identify and name (by writing the name on the piece
of paper) each one.
c. From your amino acids, pull out and create a chain on your table of the amino acids that appear in your sequence.
d. To attach two amino acids, you will need to remove an -H from one amino acid and an -OH from another. Then,
you will connect them with tape/glue. Be careful as you build to keep the correct order, as the sequence of amino
acids is critical to a polypeptide’s ability to function.
e. QUESTION: How many amino acids are there in total?
f.
QUESTION: Do the amino acids resemble one another? What is similar about all amino acids? What is
different?
Name: ________________________ Date: _______________ Period: _______
Macromolecule Build
6. The last macromolecule you will be building is DNA, which is a nucleic acid. In order to this, you will:
a. Locate your DNA molecules. Take out your DNA backbone first.
b. Cut apart your DNA backbone and tape/glue the two halves together end to end (you should end up with one long
strip, not with a finished ladder).
c. QUESTION: In DNA, what are the four bases (letters) used? Which bases pair?
d. Beginning with the first nucleotide on your DNA backbone, determine the correct base that should be paired to
create the other half of the ladder (for example, if you have a C, you will cut out a G to go opposite).
e. Then, cut out the correct nucleotide from your nucleotide page and tape/glue it to the other side so that the two
letters face inward.
f. Continue until you have created the entire second strand.
g. QUESTION: What do you notice about the structure of the DNA molecule? Do the two strands run in the same
direction?
7. Take a moment to collect any discarded trash and have your Materials Manager dispose of it in the trash can.
8. Place your four finished macromolecules on your table and consult them to answer the following post-lab questions.
a. QUESTION: Of the four macromolecules, which one seemed the most different to construct? Why?
b. QUESTION: Explain the terms listed below or on the back if necessary.
•
Polymer
•
Monomer
•
Nucleotide
•
Monosaccharide
•
Macromolecule