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Transcript
AP US History Chapter 29 Questions 1) What is meant by “cold war?” What was the Cold War? To what extent was it cold, to what extent was it hot? The Cold War referred to the struggle between communism and pro-western that occurred during the post-WWII era but did not involve much military action. Overall, the war was mainly between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in their desires to overcome one another. Despite being a “cold war”, there were a few major wars that occurred such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War. In the Korean War, the U.S. did somewhat intervene militarily through their commitment to the United Nations and efforts of containment. On the other hand, much of the Cold War was focused on the technological competition between the two nations. As the space program demonstrated, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union were struggling to overpower the other through technological means. The point of the struggle was to prevent the other nation from becoming a powerful force and increasing influence around the world. In general, the Cold War was indeed a war focused mainly on nonmilitary actions as opposed to a hot war, which would involve actual military battles. 2) In what ways was the Cold War an outgrowth of WWII? What were the ideological differences between the U.S and the Soviet Union? How did the two sides compromise in the aftermath of WWII concerning land/government control? The Cold War had emerged almost directly following WWII because of the differences in opinion over of the role of the government. After WWII, the U.S. and the Soviet Union had proved to be two of the most powerful nations of the world, each wanting to spread their ideas throughout the rest of the world. The main issue between the two nations was the difference in opinions; the U.S. supported a mixed capitalist approach where the government simply regulated the economy whereas the Soviet Union supported the idea of communism, in which the their would be essentially a class-less society and where the government had extreme control. After WWII, there were several meetings between the leading nations of the world: Soviet Union, U.S., England, and France. Many major issues remained unsolved at the time such as the Poland dispute and the reunion of Germany. First of all, in Poland, there was some communist forces in addition with pro-Western ones. Stalin was allowed to annex some of Poland under a communist government but the rest of the nation would have to vote between the two types of government in an undetermined date. Likewise, in Germany, there was a split between all four nations of Germany’s territory. Germany was supposed to be reunited but the date had been undetermined also. As a result of the misconceptions in the post-WWII meetings between the nations, there was extreme tensions, especially between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. 3) What was the doctrine of containment and what was done to implement it? USE KEY TERMS! Containment was a term used to describe the attempt to prevent communism from spreading which was put into action through the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan. The idea of containment first originated from George Kennan who concluded that the best approach towards dealing with the Soviet Union was through containing the spread of communism. As a result, Truman was influenced to used $400 million to economically assist Turkey and Greece, along with their armed forces. In addition, the Marshall Plan was put into effect to provide economic assistance to Europe as a whole, helping build confidence in their existing noncommunist governments. Both policies of containment showed that much of the rising communism was a result of economic concerns in Europe. 4) What was the Fair Deal and what were its successes and failures? The Fair Deal was an economic plan formed by President Truman in an effort to push towards liberal reform within the United States. At first, under the Republican controlled Congress, most of Truman’s ideas were rejected. He had proposed to expand Social Security benefits, raise the minimum wage, increase federal spending for full employment programs, environmental/public works planning, and a national health insurance. After the election of 1948, Democrats once again gained control of Congress, allowing many of Truman’s Fair Deal proposals to be passed. Among them, the increase in minimum wage, expansion of SS benefits, and the construction of low-income housing were passed. On the other hand, a national health insurance was not passed in addition to Truman’s proposals for several civil rights acts. 5) What was the significance of China’s communist revolution and how did it change relations between China and the U.S? China’s communist revolution created a negative impact on its previous relationship with the United States. After China became a communist nation, the United States was determined to switch its policies of containment to a more offensive method. In the Korean War, the United States decided to take the offensive and attack North Korea which proved to be quite successful in the beginning. As the United Nations pushed deeper into the northern territory, China felt threatened and as a result, joined the communist forces, pushing into the South Korean territory. As a result, much of the tensions that had relaxed during WWII had been restored with the new Chinese government. 6) How was McCarthyism a reflection of the times? Describe McCarthyism, the Red Scare, and the extent to which Americans’ rights were being abused. McCarthyism was a reflection of the anti-communist fear that the American population was feeling during the beginnings of the Cold War. Joseph McCarthy was considered a bold figure during the early 1950s due to his accusation of 205 known communist government officials. As a result, the public was appalled over the idea that there was subversion within their own government and increasing fear emerged as more accusations were placed, creating the Red Scare. In a way, Americans’ rights were being abused through McCarthy’s accusations because of the constant attacks towards government officials. Such attacks were detrimental to their careers and resulted in unnecessary searches in people’s lives because of the obviously insufficient evidence that was produced. As time passed, the public would soon realize that McCarthy’s supposedly “bold” accusations were simply ludicrous and unbelievable.