Download EX NO: 01

Lab Manual
BA1658 – Business Application Software
Ex No.: 09
Date:
FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS USED IN MS –EXCEL
AIM:
To have an overview about the formulas and functions used in MSExcel.
PROCEDURE:
 Go to insert menu.
 Click function options. The
following dialogue box will be
opened.
 In that you can select the
required functions to be
performed.
 You can select any of the
following categories for
performing the function you
need.
 String Functions
 Numeric /
Mathematical
Functions
 Statistical Functions
 Logical Functions
 Informations Functions

 Date & Time Functions
 Database Functions
 Lookup/ Reference
Functions
 Data type conversion
Functions
 Financial function
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1. String Functions
There are many string functions available in Microsoft Excel. In that,
following are the most common string functions. Each string function is followed
with an example.
 Find: In Excel, the Find function returns the location of a substring in a
string. The search is case-sensitive. The syntax for the Find function is:
“=Find (text1, text2, start_position)”
 text1 is the substring to search for in text2.
 text2 is the string to search.
 start_position is the position in text2 where the search will start.
The first position is 1.
 Mid: In Excel, the Mid function extracts a substring from a string (starting
at any position). The syntax for the Mid function is:
“=Mid (text, start_position, number_of_characters)”
 text is the string that you wish to extract from.
 start_position indicates the position in the string that you will
begin extracting from. The first position in the string is 1.
 number_of_characters indicates the number of characters that you
wish to extract.
 Substitute: In Excel, the Substitute function replaces a set of characters
with another. The syntax for the Substitute function is:
“=Substitute (text, old_text, new_text, nth_appearance)”
 text is the original string to use to perform the substitution.
 old_text is the existing characters to replace.
 new_text is the new characters to replace old_text with.
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 nth_appearance is optional. It is the nth appearance of old_text that
you wish to replace. I f this parameter is omitted, and then every
occurrence of old_text will be replaced with new_text.
 Proper: In Excel, the Proper function sets the first character in each word
to uppercase and the rest to lowercase. The syntax for the Proper function
is:
“=Proper (text)”
 text is the string argument whose first character in each word will
be converted to uppercase and all remaining characters converted
to lowercase.
 Replace: In Excel, the Replace function replaces a sequence of characters
in a string with another set of characters. The syntax for the Replace
function is:
“=Replace (old_text, start, number_of_chars, new_text)”




old_text is the original string value.
start is the position in old_text to begin replacing characters.
number_of_chars is the number of characters to replace in old_text.
new_text is the replacement set of characters
 Rept: In Excel, the Rept function returns a repeated text value a specified
number of times. The syntax for the Rept function is:
“=Rept (text, number)”
 text is the text value to repeat.
 number is the number of times to repeat the text value.
 Right: In Excel, the Right function extracts a substring from a string
starting from the right-most character. The syntax for the Right function
is:
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“=Right (text, number_of_characters)”
 text is the string that you wish to extract from.
 number_of_characters indicates the number of characters that you
wish to extract starting from the right-most character.
 Concatenate: In Excel, the Concatenate function allows you to join 2 or
more strings together. The syntax for the Concatenate function is:
“=Concatenate (text1, text2, ... text_n)”
There can be up to 30 strings that are joined together.
The following are the other string functions:
T
Text
Clean
Trim
Code
Upper
Concatenate with &
Left
Search
Value
Len
Dollar
Lower
Exact
Char
Fixed
2. Numeric / Mathematical Functions
Mathematical Formulas in Excel are used to perform various arithmetic
operations like adding the values in a range of cells, finding average of selected
cells etc. Here is a list of most frequently used mathematical formulas in excel.
 Abs: In Excel, the Abs function returns the absolute value of a number.
The syntax for the Abs function is:
“=Abs (number)”
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 number is a numeric value.
 CountIf: In Excel, the CountIf function counts the number of cells in a
range, that meets a given criteria. The syntax for the CountIf function is:
“=CountIf (range, criteria)”
 range is the range of cells that you want to count based on the
criteria.
 criteria is used to determine which cells to count.
 Sqrt: In Excel, the Sqrt function returns the square root of a number. The
syntax for the Sqrt function is:
“=Sqrt (number)”
 number is a positive number that you wish to return the square root
for.
 Sum: In Excel, the Sum function adds all numbers in a range of cells and
returns the result. The syntax for the Sum function is:
“=Sum (number1, number2, ... number_n)”
or
“=Sum (cell1:cell2)”
 SumIf: In Excel, the SumIf function adds all numbers in a range of cells,
based on a given criteria. The syntax for the SumIf function is:
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“=SumIf( range, criteria, sum_range )”
 range is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against.
 criteria is used to determine which cells to add.
 sum_range are the cells to sum.
 Average: In Excel, the Average function returns the average (arithmetic
mean) of the numbers provided. The syntax for the Average function is:
“=Average( number1, number2, ... number_n )”
 number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be
numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There
can be up to 30 values entered.
 Round: In Excel, the Round function returns a number rounded to a
specified number of digits. The syntax for the Round function is:
“=Round( number, digits )”
 number is the number to round.
 digits is the number of digits to round the number to.
 Max: In Excel, the Max function returns the largest value from the
numbers provided. The syntax for the Max function is:
“=Max (number1, number2, ... number_n)”
 number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be
numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There
can be up to 30 values entered.
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 Count: In Excel, the Count function counts the number of cells that
contain numbers as well as the number of arguments that contain
numbers. The syntax for the Count function is:
“=Count( argument1, argument2, ... argument_n )”
 argument1, argument2, ... argument_n are either ranges of cells
or values. There can be up to 30 arguments.
 Min: In Excel, the Min function returns the smallest value from the
numbers provided. The syntax for the Min function is:
“=Min( number1, number2, ... number_n )”
 number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be
numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There
can be up to 30 values entered.
The following are the other Numeric/Mathematic functions:
Sin
ASin
SumX2mY2
VarP
Exp
Int
CountBlank
Odd
Rand
MinA
ASinh
SumX2pY2
Sinh
Fact
Large
VarPA
Pi
SumXmY2
Minverse
ATan
AverageA
Small
Power
Ln
ACos
SumProduct
Roman
Degrees
ATan2
Tan
Mmult
Floor
Ceiling
ACosh
Product
Log
Even
SumSq
Tanh
Mod
ATanh
Combin
Subtotal
Radians
Log10
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RoundDown
Trunc
Cos
RoundUp
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Cosh
MaxA
Var
Mdeterm
Sign
VarA
CountA
3. Statistical Functions
Statistical Functions in Excel are used to perform various statistical
operations like ranking the values in a range of cells, finding average of selected
cells etc. Here is a list of most frequently used statistical functions in excel.
 AverageA: In Excel, the AverageA function returns the average
(arithmetic mean) of the numbers provided. The AverageA function is
different from the Average function in that it treats TRUE as a value of 1
and FALSE as a value of 0. The syntax for the AverageA function is:
“=AverageA( number1, number2, ... number_n )”
 number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be
numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There
can be up to 30 values entered.
 Large: In Excel, the Large function returns the nth largest value from a set
of values. The syntax for the Large function is:
“=Large( array, nth_position )”
 array is a range or array from which you want to return the nth
largest value.
 nth_position is the position from the largest to return.
 Max: In Excel, the Max function returns the largest value from the
numbers provided. The syntax for the Max function is:
“=Max( number1, number2, ... number_n )”
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 number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be
numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There
can be up to 30 values entered.
 Rank: In Excel, the Rank function returns the rank of a number within a
set of numbers. The syntax for the Rank function is:
“=Rank( number, array, order )”
 number is the number to find the rank for.
 array is a range or array of numbers to use for ranking
purposes.
 order is optional. It specifies how to rank the numbers.
If order is 0, it ranks numbers in descending order.
If order is not 0, it ranks numbers in ascending order.
If the order parameter is omitted, the Rank function assumes order is 0
(descending order).
 Median: In Excel, the Median function returns the median of the numbers
provided. The syntax for the Median function is:
“=Median( number1, number2, ... number_n )”
 number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be
numbers, named ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There
can be up to 30 values entered.
 Forecast: In Excel, the Forecast function returns a prediction of a future
value based on existing values provided. The syntax for the Forecast
function is:
“=Forecast( x-value, known_y_values, known_x_values )”
 x-value is the x-value used to predict the y-value.
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 known_y_values is the known y-values used to predict the yvalue.
 known_x_values is the known x-values used to predict the yvalue.
The following are the other statistical function.
MinA
StDevA
AveDev
Growth
Percentile
StDevP
Average
Intercept
PercentRank
StDevPA
Permut
Var
BetaDist
Quartile
VarA
BetaInv
MaxA
VarP
BinomDist
Small
VarPA
Covar
Min
StDev
4. Logical Functions
Logical functions are functions that assist with determining values. In this case,
functions like IF, AND, OR, NOT, TRUE and FALSE.
 And: In Excel, the And function returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE.
It returns FALSE if any of the conditions are FALSE. The syntax for the
And function is:
“=And (condition1, condition2, ...)”
 condition is something that you want to test that can either be
TRUE or FALSE. There can be up to 30 conditions.
 If: In Excel, the If function returns one value if a specified condition
evaluates to TRUE, or another value if it evaluates to FALSE. The syntax
for the If function is:
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“=If( condition, value_if_true, value_if_false )”
 condition is the value that you want to test.
 value_if_true is the value that is returned if condition evaluates
to TRUE.
 value_if_false is the value that is return if condition evaluates to
FALSE.
 True: In Excel, the True function returns a logical value of TRUE. The
syntax for the True function is:
“=True( )”
 Not: In Excel, the Not function returns the reversed logical value. The
syntax for the Not function is:
“=Not( logical_value )”
 logical_value is an expression that either evaluates to TRUE or
FALSE. If the Not function is used with an expression of TRUE,
then FALSE is returned. If the Not function is used with an
expression of FALSE, then TRUE is returned.
 False: In Excel, the False function returns a logical value of FALSE. The
syntax for the False function is:
“=False( )”
 Or: In Excel, the Or function returns TRUE if any of the conditions are
TRUE. Otherwise, it returns FALSE. The syntax for the Or function is:
“=Or( condition1, condition2, ... )”
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 condition is something that you want to test that can either be
TRUE or FALSE. There can be up to 30 conditions.
5. Informations Functions
Excel's Information functions give you information about the data in a cell
or range of cells. This information includes whether the data is a number, the
formatting applied to the cell, or even if the cell is empty.
6. Date & Time Functions
Excel's Date Functions can be used to add such things as the current date,
the current time, or the day of the week to a spreadsheet.
7. Database Functions
Along with spreadsheet functionality, Excel can also keep track of
information in lists or databases. Some examples of things you might track in a
list include telephone numbers, clients, and employee rosters. Once you create a
list in Excel, you can easily find, organize, and analyze its information with
Excel’s rich set of list-management features. In this short course, you will learn
how to create a list, and then add, modify, delete, and find information in it.
You’ll also learn how you can use Excel’s filter commands to display specific
information. And finally, we'll see how easy it is to use information stored in
Excel as a list of database when performing a Word mail merge.
8. Lookup/ Reference Functions
Excel's Lookup and Reference Functions can be used to simplify finding
specific entries in a data table.
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9. Financial functions
Excel's Financial Functions can be used to help you determine changes in
dollar value of investments and loans.
RESULT:
Thus the functions and formulas in MS – Excel is executed successfully.
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Ex No.: 12
Date:
PAYROLL USING MS – EXCEL
AIM:
To prepare pay roll for the specified period using MS – EXCEL.
PROCEDURE:
1. Open a new worksheet
2. Enter the data
3. Format the data entered
4. Save the file content
CONDITIONS:
Dearness allowance
City compensatory allowance
House rent allowance
Gross pay
Provident fund
Tax is fixed at Rs 2500
Net Pay
FORMULA USED:
Dearness allowance
=
=
=
=
=
50% of basic salary
10% of salary (basic + DA)
20% of salary (basic + DA)
sum of basic, DA, CCA, HRA
12% of (sum of basic, DA, CCA, HRA)
= gross pay – provident fund – tax
= A4*50%
City compensatory allowance = (A4+B4)*10%
HRA
= (A4+B4)*20%
Gross Pay
= SUM (A4:D4)
Provident Fund
= SUM (A4:B4)*12%
Tax
= Rs 2500
Net Pay
= E4-F4-G4
RESULT:
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Thus the pay roll is created using MS – EXCEL.
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Ex No.: 13
Date:
MS-EXCEL CHART
AIM:
To insert Charts for the electricity bill.
PROCEDURE:
1. Create an electricity bill.
2. To insert bar chart
a. Insert  Chart  Pie Chart
b. Insert  Chart  Column Chart
c. Insert  Chart  Bar Chart
d. Insert  Chart  Line Chart
e. Insert  Chart  Area Chart
Click next. The following dialogue box will appear asking for the cells to be
contained in the pie chart.
3. After selecting the cell click finish.
RESULT:
Thus various charts are inserted.
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Ex No.: 14
Date:
WORKING WITH POWERPOINT
AIM:
To start PowerPoint, Work with layouts, text, slides, templates,
images and drawing tools and to use different views and printing options.
PROCEDURE:
1.
Important terms in Power Point:
Presentation: The primary type of file PowerPoint is used to create.
I.
Presentations typically have the file extension .ppt; however, you can
also save PowerPoint presentations as Adobe Acrobat documents with
the file extension .pdf. Finally, you can save your presentation as a web
page, with the file extension .html or .htm.
Slides: Individual parts of a presentation. Slides are similar to the
II.
individual pages in a print document, and can contain text, graphics,
and animation.
Layout: The specific arrangement
III.
of text and images on a slide.
Layouts can be very simple,
consisting of simple titles and text,
or they can be more complex and
include elaborate colors and
images. You can also include
animation, sounds, and other
multimedia objects in your layout.
View: Microsoft PowerPoint has three main views: normal view, slide
IV.
sorter view, and slide show view. Normal view is the main editing
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view. Slide sorter view is an exclusive view of your slides in thumbnail
form, helpful for rearranging the order of your slides. Slide show view
takes up the full computer screen, like an actual slide show
presentation. In this full-screen view, you see your presentation the
way your audience will.
Design Template: The specific “look” of a slide or group of slides. A
V.
design template can be very basic - with black text on a white
background - or it can be very colorful and complex. Typically,
PowerPoint presentations have the same design template for all slides,
although it is possible to select a different design template for each
slide. Later, I’ll show you how to select different design templates.
Slide Show: The way a presentation appears when you are presenting
VI.
it. When you display your slides in a slide show, the slides typically
take up the whole screen, and they appear in sequence.
Placeholder: Boxes with dotted or hatch-marked outlines that appear
VII.
when you create a new slide. These boxes act as "placeholders" for
objects such as the slide title, text, clip art, charts, and tables.
Placeholders are sometimes called “text boxes.”
Sizing handles: Small circles that appear along the edges of the
VIII.
selection rectangle around an object on your slide. You drag a sizing
handle to change the shape or size of an object. To maintain the
proportions of an object while resizing, simply drag a corner handle.
2. Creating a Presentation
You can create a slide show or presentation
in a variety of ways. You can use the AutoContent
wizard, a blank presentation, a presentation design
template, or a presentation template. When you
start PowerPoint, the New Presentation panel that is
displayed on the right offers the following options:
Blank Presentation: This option creates a
I.
presentation with no predefined design.
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New slides will have black text on a white background. This is a good
choice if you want to define your own colors, fonts, and background
images from scratch.
II.
From Design Template: This method uses one of a variety of design
templates to create a new slide show. These templates, if used,
determine “look” of the presentation – that is, the colors, fonts,
backgrounds, bullets and/or numbering, and so on that are used in the
presentation.
III.
From AutoContent wizard: This wizard asks a series of questions
and builds a set of slides based on the responses.
IV.
From existing presentation: Use this method to base a new
presentation on a previously created slide show.
V.
Photo album: For presentations that are largely image-based; this
option allows you to select a number of photos on which to base a new
presentation.
3. Choosing and Applying a Template
Templates are design tools that you can use to add color and style to your
presentations. If you create a new presentation using a template, all of the slides
in the presentation will have the same “look” as the template you chose – the
same fonts, colors, background images, bullets, and so on. Any template, or
presentation made from a template, can be edited if you don’t like the entire
design (the color or font choices, for instance). To view a template, click the
template icon or name in the task pane; the template will be applied to the
current presentation. When you’ve chosen the template you want to use for this
presentation, click OK to apply it to your presentation.
4. The Outlining Toolbar
The Outlining toolbar lets you work in the outline to make changes to text.
You can create new slides, move text (and even full slides) up or down, hide the
information in any or all of the slides, and move text to a higher (or lower level)
of bullet.
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The following table shows the different buttons in the Outlining toolbar.
SHOW
FORMATTING
This can turn on and off the fonts and attributes in the outline.
Useful to leave it off if outline is long.
SUMMARY
SLIDE
This can create an extra slide with a bulleted list from the titles
of the other slides.
EXPAND ALL
Shows all levels of the outline
COLLAPSE
ALL
Shows only the title level in the outline. Dotted underline below
a title indicates subtext
EXPAND
Shows all levels in a single slide
COLLAPSE
Shows only the title level in a single slide. Dotted underline
below a title indicates subtext
MOVE DOWN
Takes selected text or line where insertion point is located and
moves it down one line.
MOVE UP
Takes selected text or line where insertion point is located and
moves it up one line.
DEMOTE
Takes selected text or line where insertion point is at and moves
it one level to the right
PROMOTE
Takes selected text or line where insertion point is at and moves
it one level to the left
RESULT:
Thus starting PowerPoint, Work with layouts, text, slides,
templates, images and drawing tools and to use different views and
printing options had been executed successfully.
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Ex No.: 15
Date:
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ABOUT THE
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
AIM:
To prepare a presentation about the department of management studies
using MS PowerPoint.
PROCEDURE:
1. Open Microsoft PowerPoint and we will get a new slide.
2. Add a title or a sub title. To make the title more attractive, we can use
WordArt.
3. Then the required data is entered in the presentation by clicking sub title.
4. Apply transition to every slide in the presentation.
5. Save the presentation.
RESULT:
The presentation is thus prepared and ready to present.
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Ex No.: 16
Date:
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ABOUT TIME MANAGEMENT
AIM:
To prepare a presentation about “TIME MANAGEMENT” using
animation options in MS PowerPoint.
PROCEDURE:
1. Open Microsoft PowerPoint and we will get a new slide.
2. If we want to insert photos into the slide for making our presentation
attractive then right click choose background from optionsadd just
plain color to or add a picture to the slide.
3. To add a picture click fill effectsselect picture of our choice and use it as
background.
4. Now on the background; we can add a title or a sub title. To make the
title more attractive, we can use WordArt.
5. Then the required data is entered in the presentation by clicking sub title.
6. If we want to animate or add graphics to our presentation, right click on
the source and click on custom animation and effects as per your
preferences.
7. Apply transition to every slide in the presentation.
8. Save the presentation.
RESULT:
The presentation is thus prepared and ready to present.
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Ex No.: 17
Date:
PRESENTATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
USING POWERPOINT
AIM:
To prepare an organizational chart using PowerPoint.
PROCEDURE:
1. Open a new slide in PowerPoint.
2. Open an organizational chart tool bar and select the standard layout.
3. Depending upon the relationship (coworker, assistant or subordinate)
create the chart.
4. Fill the chart with the designations as per the organizational structure.
RESULT:
Thus organizational chart is created.
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Ex No.: 18
Date:
INTRODUCTION TO MS- ACCESS
AIM:
To launch Access and identify the parts of the screen and to define fields
and field properties constructing table structures.
PROCEDURE:
1. MS Access:
Microsoft Access is a relational database management system (DBMS). At
the most basic level, a DBMS is a program that facilitates the storage and
retrieval of structured information on a computer’s hard drive. Although the
term “database” typically refers to a collection of related data tables, an Access
database includes more than just data. In addition to tables, an Access database
file contains several different types of database objects:
 Saved queries for organizing data,
 Forms for interacting with the data on screen,
 Reports for printing results,
 Macros and Visual Basic programs for extending the functionality
of database applications.
All these database objects are stored in a single file named
<filename>.mdb. When you are running Access, a temporary “locking” file
named <filename>.ldb is also created. You can safely ignore the *.ldb file;
everything of value is in the *.mdb file.
2. Definitions:
These words are used often in Access so you will want to become familiar
with them before using the program and this tutorial.
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Relational Database: in relational databases such as Access, data is stored in
tables made up of one or more fields (Access calls a column a field). The data
stored in each column must be of a single data type such as Character, Number or
Date. A collection of values from each column of a table is called a record or a row
in the table. Different tables can have the same column in common. This feature
is used to explicitly specify a relationship between two tables. Values appearing
in column an in one table are shared with another table.
Table: tables are the main units of data storage in a database. A table is a
collection of data about a specific topic; it is made up of one of more fields.
Field: a field is a column in a table and defines a data type for a set of values in a
table. For example, a mailing list table might include fields for first name, last
name, address, city, state, zip code, and telephone number.
Record: a record in a row in a table and is a set of values defined by fields. In a
mailing list table, each record would contain the data for one person as specified
by the intersecting fields.
Data type: data types are the properties of each field. A field only has one data
type, such as Character, Number or Date.
Primary Key: a primary key is a value that can be used to identify a unique
record in a table.
Design View: it provides the tools for creating fields in a table.
Datasheet View: it allows you to update, edit, and delete in formation from a
table.
3. Access vs. Excel
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Access databases and Excel spreadsheets although originally very
different, have evolved to have similar functions. Although either type of
program can do many, but not all, of the things that the other one does, there are
some things which are easier in one program than the other.
Excel is not database management systems. Excel spreadsheets store data
in rows and columns called worksheets. The areas within the worksheet where
the rows and columns intersect are called cells. The most common use of
spreadsheets is to manage basic information such as telephone numbers,
employee names, financial data, calculations, etc. Access stores data in tables that
look similar to worksheets but function quite differently. Tables, the foundation
of all relational databases function both independently and interdependently
with other tables to allow the database user to combine data from multiple
sources and analyze and/or report information in almost limitless ways.
4. Datebase Components:
An Access database consists of several different components. Each
component listed is called an object. Listed below are the names and descriptions
of the different objects you can use in Access. This tutorial will focus on the first
two objects: tables and queries.
Tables: Tables are where the actual data is defined and entered. Tables consist of
records (rows) and fields (columns).
Queries: Queries are basically questions about the data in a database. A query
consists of specifications indicating which fields, records, and summaries you
want to see from a database. Queries allow you to extract data based on the
criteria you define.
Forms: Forms are designed to ease the data entry process. For example, you can
create a data entry form that looks exactly like a paper form. People generally
prefer to enter data into a well-designed form, rather than a table.
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Reports: When you want to print records from your database, design a report.
Access even has a wizard to help produce mailing labels.
Pages: A data access page is a special type of Web page designed for viewing
and working with data from the Internet or an intranet. This data is stored in a
Microsoft Access database or a Microsoft SQL Server database.
Macros: A macro is a set of one or more actions that each performs a particular
operation, such as opening a form or printing a report. Macros can help you
automate common tasks. For example, you can run a macro that prints a report
when a user clicks a command button.
Modules: A module is a collection of Visual Basic for Applications declarations
and procedures that are stored together as a unit.
RESULT:
Thus launching Access and identifing the parts of the screen and defining
fields and field properties for constructing table structures had been executed
successfully.
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Ex No.: 19
Date:
TABLE AND QUERY CREATION USING MS- ACCESS
AIM:
To create a table and query for the students using design view in MSAccess
PROCEDURE TO CREATE TABLE:
1) Click database in table window and then click new
2) Click design view and open with field name, data type description
3) Enter the field name with roll number, name and marks, set primary key if
needed and save the table
4) Double click the saved table and enter the values of the fields
PROCEDURE TO CREATE QUERY:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Select query in the database and click new and then design view.
Select the table and click add.
The grid appears in the window with rows, table, field, sort and criteria.
Click and place the field from the table into the grid
Save the query and finally run the Query
The Query is displace with given details
RESULT:
The table and query is prepared using MS-Access
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Ex No.:20
Date:
FORM AND REPORT CREATION
AIM:
To create form and report with existing table using design view in MSAccess
PROCEDURE TO CREATE FORM:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Click the form in database window and select new
Click design view and select the table you want to display in the form
Table is appeared in the form of toolbar
Click on view and select field list and fields are appeared in the form of
design view
5) Click text box in the tool and place it in the design view
6) Right click the text box and property window is displayed
7) Select the database and control sources and then run the form
PROCEDURE TO CREATE REPORT:
1) In the database window click reports and new.
2) In the new report dialogue box click auto report table wizard
3) Click table or query that contain the data that we want to display in the
report and Click ok
4) Finally run the report
RESULT:
The Form and Report is prepared using MS-Access
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Ex No.: 21
Date:
INTRODUCTION TO SQL
AIM:
To have an introduction about the concept in SQL.
PROCEDURE:
1. RDBMS:
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. RDBMS is
the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems like MS SQL Server, IBM
DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access. The data in RDBMS is stored in
database objects called tables. A table is a collection of related data entries and it
consists of columns and rows.
2. SQL:
SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL lets you access and
manipulate databases. SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
standard. Although SQL is an ANSI standard, there are many different versions
of the SQL language. However, to be compliant with the ANSI standard, they all
support at least the major commands (such as SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE,
INSERT, WHERE) in a similar manner.
3. Use of SQL:
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SQL can execute queries against a database
SQL can retrieve data from a database
SQL can insert records in a database
SQL can update records in a database
SQL can delete records from a database
SQL can create new databases
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SQL can create new tables in a database
 SQL can create stored procedures in a database
 SQL can create views in a database
 SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views

RESULT:
Thus an introduction to SQL is understood.
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Ex No.: 22
Date:
DATA TYPES IN SQL
AIM:
To have an overview and use the various datatype in SQL.
PROCEDURE:
In MySQL there are three main types: text, number, and Date/Time types.
1. Test Types:
CHAR(size)
VARCHAR(size)
TINYTEXT
TEXT
BLOB
MEDIUMTEXT
MEDIUMBLOB
LONGTEXT
LONGBLOB
ENUM(x,y,z,etc.)

: Holds a fixed length string (can contain letters, numbers,
and special characters). The fixed size is specified in
parenthesis. Can store up to 255 characters
: Holds a variable length string (can contain letters,
numbers, and special characters). The maximum size is
specified in parenthesis. Can store up to 255 characters.
Note: If you put a greater value than 255 it will be
converted to a TEXT type
: Holds a string with a maximum length of 255 characters
: Holds a string with a maximum length of 65,535
characters
: For BLOBs (Binary Large OBjects). Holds up to 65,535
bytes of data
: Holds a string with a maximum length of 16,777,215
characters
: For BLOBs (Binary Large OBjects). Holds up to
16,777,215 bytes of data
: Holds a string with a maximum length of 4,294,967,295
characters
: For BLOBs (Binary Large OBjects). Holds up to
4,294,967,295 bytes of data
: Let you enter a list of possible values. You can list up to
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65535 values in an ENUM list. If a value is inserted that is
not in the list, a blank value will be inserted.
Note: The values are sorted in the order you enter them.
You enter the possible values in this format:
ENUM('X','Y','Z')
: Similar to ENUM except that SET may contain up to 64
list items and can store more than one choice
SET
2. Number Types:
: -128 to 127 normal. 0 to 255 UNSIGNED*. The
maximum number of digits may be specified in
parenthesis
: -32768 to 32767 normal. 0 to 65535 UNSIGNED*. The
SMALLINT(size)
maximum number of digits may be specified in
parenthesis
MEDIUMINT(size) : -8388608 to 8388607 normal. 0 to 16777215
UNSIGNED*. The maximum number of digits may be
specified in parenthesis
: -2147483648 to 2147483647 normal. 0 to 4294967295
INT(size)
UNSIGNED*. The maximum number of digits may be
specified in parenthesis
: -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807 normal.
BIGINT(size)
0 to 18446744073709551615 UNSIGNED*. The
maximum number of digits may be specified in
parenthesis
: A small number with a floating decimal point. The
FLOAT(size,d)
maximum number of digits may be specified in the size
parameter. The maximum number of digits to the right
of the decimal point is specified in the d parameter
: A large number with a floating decimal point. The
DOUBLE(size,d)
maximum number of digits may be specified in the size
parameter. The maximum number of digits to the right
TINYINT(size)
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of the decimal point is specified in the d parameter
DECIMAL(size,d) : A DOUBLE stored as a string, allowing for a fixed
decimal point. The maximum number of digits may be
specified in the size parameter. The maximum number
of digits to the right of the decimal point is specified in
the d parameter
The integer types have an extra option called UNSIGNED. Normally, the
integer goes from a negative to positive value. Adding the UNSIGNED
attribute will move that range up so it starts at zero instead of a negative
number.
3. Date types:
DATE()
DATETIME()
: A date. Format: YYYY-MM-DD
Note: The supported range is from '1000-01-01' to '9999-1231'
: A date and time combination. Format: YYYY-MM-DD
HH:MM:SS
Note: The supported range is from '1000-01-01 00:00:00' to
'9999-12-31 23:59:59'
TIMESTAMP() : A timestamp. TIMESTAMP values are stored as the number
of seconds since the Unix epoch ('1970-01-01 00:00:00' UTC).
Format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
Note: The supported range is from '1970-01-01 00:00:01'
UTC to '2038-01-09 03:14:07' UTC
: A time. Format: HH:MM:SS
TIME()
Note: The supported range is from '-838:59:59' to '838:59:59'
: A year in two-digit or four-digit format.
YEAR()
Note: Values allowed in four-digit format: 1901 to 2155.
Values allowed in two-digit format: 70 to 69, representing
years from 1970 to 2069
Even if DATETIME and TIMESTAMP return the same format, they work
very differently. In an INSERT or UPDATE query, the TIMESTAMP
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automatically set itself to the current date and time. TIMESTAMP also accepts
various formats, like YYYYMMDDHHMMSS, YYMMDDHHMMSS,
YYYYMMDD, or YYMMDD.
RESULT:
Thus the various data types in SQL is executed successfully.
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Ex No.: 23
Date:
DDL, DML, DCL COMMANDS
AIM:
To execute DDL, DML, DCL commands
PROCEDURE:
Creation of table:
I.
Syntax:
Create
table<table
name>(column
name1
def1,……………column namen
column defn);
column
Alteration of table:
II.
Syntax:
Alter table<tablename> modify/add(column name column def);
Drop the table:
III.
Syntax:
Drop table<table name>;
Insertion of values:
IV.
Syntax:
Insert into <table name> values(&column1 value,…..&column value);
Selection of all values from table:
V.
Syntax:
Select * from <tablename>;
Updation of values:
VI.
Syntax:
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Update <tablename> set <colname>=<values> where <conditions>;
Deletion of records:
VII.
Syntax:
Delete from <tablename> where<condition>;
RESULT:
Thus the DDL, DCL, DML commands or executed properly.
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Ex No.: 24
Date:
OPERATORS IN SQL
AIM:
To execute the operators using SQL.
SYNTAX:
Equal to operator:
I.
select * from <table name>where = <condition>;
Less than operator:
II.
select * from <table name>where < <condition>;
Greater than operator:
III.
select * from <table name>where > <condition>;
Less than or Equal to operators:
IV.
select * from <table name>where <= <condition>;
Greater than or Equal to operators:
V.
select * from <table name>where >= <condition>;
Not equal to operator:
VI.
select * from <table name>where <> <condition>;
AND operator:
VII.
select * from <table name>where <condition> and <condition>;
OR operator:
VIII.
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select * from <table name>where <condition> or <condition>;
NOT operator:
IX.
select * from <table name>where <condition> not <condition>;
Arithmetic Operator:
X.
select <fieldname> + <fieldname> <new field name> from <table
name>;
select <fieldname> - <fieldname> <new field name> from <table
name>;
select <fieldname> * <fieldname> <new field name> from <table
name>;
select <fieldname> / <fieldname> <new field name> from <table
name>;
Between Operator:
XI.
select * from <table name>where <condition> between
<condition> and <condition>;
Like Operator:
XII.
select * from <table name>where <fieldname> like <condition>%;
RESULT:
The operators in SQL are executed successfully.
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Date:
BUILT IN FUNCTIONS IN SQL
AIM:
To view and use various built-in functions in SQL.
SYNTAX:
SQL has many built-in functions for performing calculations on data.
1. SQL Aggregate Functions:
SQL aggregate functions return a single value, calculated from values in a
column. Following are some of the useful aggregate functions:
1. AVG () - Returns the average value
select avg<column_name> from table_name
2. COUNT() - Returns the number of rows
select count<column_name> from table_name
3. FIRST() - Returns the first value
select first<column_name> from table_name
4. LAST() - Returns the last value
select last<column_name> from table_name
5. MAX() - Returns the largest value
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select max<column_name> from table_name
6. MIN() - Returns the smallest value
select min<column_name> from table_name
7. SUM() - Returns the sum
select sum<column_name> from table_name
8. Group Clause: Aggregate functions often need an added GROUP BY
statement. The GROUP BY statement is used in conjunction with the
aggregate functions to group the result-set by one or more columns.
select column_name, aggregate_function<column_name>
from table_name
where column_name operator value
group by column_name
9. The HAVING Clause: The HAVING clause was added to SQL because
the WHERE keyword could not be used with aggregate functions.
select column_name, aggregate_function<column_name>
from table_name
where column_name operator value
group by column_name
having aggregate_function<column_name> operator value
2. SQL Scalar functions
SQL scalar functions return a single value, based on the input value. Following
are the useful scalar functions:
1. UCASE<> - Converts a field to upper case
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select ucase<column_name> from table_name
2. LCASE<> - Converts a field to lower case
select lcase<column_name> from table_name
3. MID<> - Extract characters from a text field
select mid<column_name,start[,length]> from table_name
4. LEN<> - Returns the length of a text field
select len<column_name> from table_name
5. ROUND<> - Rounds a numeric field to the number of decimals specified
select round<column_name,decimals> from table_name
6. NOW<> - Returns the current system date and time
select now<> from table_name
7. FORMAT<> - Formats how a field is to be displayed
select format<column_name,format> from table_name
RESULT:
Thus the SQL built-in functions are executed successfully.
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Ex No.: 26
Date:
INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL BASIC
AIM:
To understand the tools and techniques used in visual basic 6.0
PROCEDURE:
Visual basic 6.0 is an application development tool used in developing
client/server application. Visual basic has evolved from the original ‘BASIC
LANGUAGE’ and contains several hundred statements, function and key words.
Applications in visual basic are developed in be “INTEGRATED
DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT” (IDE).
1. Components of IDE:
I.
II.
Menu bar: contains the names of menus
Tool bar window: displays the ctrl’s. E.g.: label, text box
etc.
III.
From window: displays the form that holds the ctrls and is
useful for developing user interface.
IV.
Property window: List down the properties of all the ctrl’s
in the form.
V.
Project explore window: contains the list of all the forms
and modules.
VI.
Standard tool bar: Displays the frequently used commands
in the form of buttons.
VII.
Code editor window: The coding for the corresponding
ctrls is returned.
VIII.
Form layout window: Helps the user to visually position
the form at design time.
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IX.
Object browser: List down all the objects their methods and
properties.
X.
Context menus: A short cut menu with frequently perform
actions.
Visual basic 6.0 for windows requires at least windows 95/windows NT,
486 processor and a minimum of MB of RAM a complete installation of the most
powerful version of visual basic 6.0 enterprise edition requires more that 250 MB
of hard disk space.
RESULT:
Thus the tools and techniques of VB understand clearly.
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Ex No.: 27
Date:
DESIGNING MARKLIST FORM USING VISUAL BASIC.6
AIM:
To create a program to calculate student marklist using DAO data control
using VB.6.
PROCEDURE:
1. A standard EXE project is opened.
2. Three forms, twelve text box, twelve label boxes, seven command buttons
are dragged into the form.
3. The captions are changed.
4. Newly appeared icon is placed in the form
5. Links for text box are created
6. Coding are written in corresponding objects
7. F5 / Run command is used to execute the project
PROGRAM:
1. Private Sub CM_AN_Click()
T1.Recordset.AddNew
nam.SetFocus
End Sub
2. Private Sub CM_Cal_Click()
Tot = Val(M1) + Val(M2) + Val(M3) + Val(M4) + Val(M5) + Val(M6) +
Val(M7)
Avg = Round(Val(Tot) / 7, 2)
If Val(M1) > 49 And Val(M2) > 49 And Val(M3) > 49 And Val(M4) > 49
And Val(M5) > 49 And Val(M6) > 49 And Val(M7) > 49 Then
rslt = "Pass"
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Else
rslt = "Fail"
End If
End Sub
3. Private Sub CM_CLR_Click()
nam.Text = ""
rno.Text = ""
M1.Text = ""
M2.Text = ""
M3.Text = ""
M4.Text = ""
M5.Text = ""
M6.Text = "'"
M7.Text = ""
Tot.Text = ""
Avg.Text = ""
rslt.Text = ""
End Sub
4. Private Sub CM_DLT_Click()
T1.Recordset.Delete
End Sub
5. Private Sub CM_ED_Click()
T1.Recordset.Edit
End Sub
6. Private Sub CM_End_Click()
End
End Sub
7. Private Sub CM_SAV_Click()
T1.Recordset.Update
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MsgBox "THE MARK HAVE BEEN SAVED SUCCESSFULLY"
End Sub
RESULT:
Thus a program to calculate student marklist using DAO data control
using VB.6 is created successfully.
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Ex No.: 28
Date:
DESIGNING ELECTRICITY BILL FORM USING VISUAL
BASIC.6
AIM:
To create a program to calculate electricity bill using DAO data control
using VB.6.
PROCEDURE:
1. A standard EXE project is opened.
2. Four forms, seven text box, six label boxes, three option buttons, seven
command buttons are dragged into the form.
3. The captions are changed.
4. Newly appeared icon is placed in the form
5. Links for text box are created
6. Coding are written in corresponding objects
7. F5 / Run command is used to execute the project
PROGRAM:
1. Private Sub CM_AN_Click()
eb.Recordset.AddNew
End Sub
2. Private Sub CM_CAL_Click()
If h = True Then
Typ = "HOME"
ElseIf s = True Then
Typ = "SHOP"
ElseIf f = True Then
Typ = "FIRM"
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End If
unit = Val(cr) - Val(pr)
Select Case (Typ.Text)
Case "HOME":
If Val(unit) < 100 Then
amt = 10 + Val(unit) * 1
ElseIf Val(unit) > 99.99 And Val(unit) < 200 Then
amt = 10 + (100 * 1) + ((Val(unit) - 100) * 1.5)
ElseIf Val(unit) > 199.99 And Val(unit) < 450 Then
amt = 10 + (100 * 1) + (100 * 1.5) + ((Val(unit) - 200) * 2.5)
ElseIf Val(unit) > 449.99 And Val(unit) < 600 Then
amt = 10 + (100 * 1) + (100 * 1.5) + (250 * 2.5) + ((Val(unit) - 450) * 3.5)
ElseIf Val(unit) > 599.99 Then
amt = 10 + (100 * 1) + (100 * 1.5) + (250 * 2.5) + (150 * 3.5) + ((Val(unit) 600) * 5)
End If
Case "SHOP":
If Val(unit) < 100 Then
amt = 100 + Val(unit) * 2
ElseIf Val(unit) > 99.99 And Val(unit) < 200 Then
amt = 100 + (100 * 2) + ((Val(unit) - 100) * 2.5)
ElseIf Val(unit) > 199.99 And Val(unit) < 450 Then
amt = 100 + (100 * 2) + (100 * 2.5) + ((Val(unit) - 200) * 3.5)
ElseIf Val(unit) > 449.99 And Val(unit) < 600 Then
amt = 100 + (100 * 2) + (100 * 2.5) + (250 * 3.5) + ((Val(unit) - 450) * 4.5)
ElseIf Val(unit) > 599.99 Then
amt = 100 + (100 * 2) + (100 * 2.5) + (250 * 3.5) + (150 * 4.5) + ((Val(unit)
- 600) * 7)
End If
Case "FIRM":
If Val(unit) < 100 Then
amt = 150 + Val(unit) * 3
ElseIf Val(unit) > 99.99 And Val(unit) < 200 Then
amt = 150 + (100 * 3) + ((Val(unit) - 100) * 3.5)
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ElseIf Val(unit) > 199.99 And Val(unit) < 450 Then
amt = 150 + (100 * 3) + (100 * 3.5) + ((Val(unit) - 200) * 4.5)
ElseIf Val(unit) > 449.99 And Val(unit) < 600 Then
amt = 150 + (100 * 3) + (100 * 3.5) + (250 * 4.5) + ((Val(unit) - 450) * 5.5)
ElseIf Val(unit) > 599.99 Then
amt = 150 + (100 * 3) + (100 * 3.5) + (250 * 4.5) + (150 * 5.5) + ((Val(unit)
- 600) * 9)
End If
End Select
End Sub
`
3. Private Sub CM_CLR_Click()
en.Text = ""
nm.Text = ""
pr.Text = ""
cr.Text = ""
unit.Text = ""
amt.Text = ""
Typ.Text = ""
End Sub
4. Private Sub CM_DLT_Click()
eb.Recordset.Delete
End Sub
5. Private Sub CM_ED_Click()
eb.Recordset.Edit
End Sub
6. Private Sub CM_END_Click()
End
End Sub
7. Private Sub CM_SAV_Click()
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eb.Recordset.Update
MsgBox "THE ELECTRICITY BILL VALUE HAS BEEN SAVED
SUCCESSFULLY"
End Sub
RESULT:
Thus a program to electricity bill using DAO data control using
VB.6 is created successfully.
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Ex No.: 29
Date:
DESIGNING SALARY CALCULATION FORM USING VISUAL
BASIC.6
AIM:
To create a program to calculate salary calaculation form using DAO data
control using VB.6.
PROCEDURE:
1. A standard EXE project is opened.
2. Four forms, ten text box, teb label boxes, seven command buttons are
dragged into the form.
3. The captions are changed.
4. Newly appeared icon is placed in the form
5. Links for text box are created
6. Coding are written in corresponding objects
7. F5 / Run command is used to execute the project
PROGRAM:
1. Private Sub CM_AN_Click()
ED.Recordset.AddNew
End Sub
2. Private Sub CM_CAL_Click()
da = (Val(bp) * 50) / 100
hra = 1500
cca = (Val(bp) * 10) / 100
gp = Val(bp) + Val(hra) + Val(cca)
If MsgBox("HAD YOU AVAILED ANY LEAVE?", vbYesNo,
"PLEASE CONFIRM") = VbMsgBoxResult.vbYes Then LEAVE =
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InputBox("Enter Number leave you have taken", "information
Required")
On Error Resume Next
llp = Round((Val(bp) / 30) * LEAVE, 2)
If MsgBox("Is there any other deductions?", vbYesNo, "Please
Confirm") = VbMsgBoxResult.vbYes Then otd = InputBox("Enter
amount here", "information Required")
np = Round(Val(gp) - (Val(llp) + Val(otd)), 2)
End Sub
3. Private Sub CM_CLR_Click()
EN.Text = ""
nam.Text = ""
desgi.Text = ""
bp.Text = ""
gp.Text = ""
np.Text = ""
DDA.Text = ""
cca.Text = ""
hra.Text = ""
llp.Text = ""
otd.Text = ""
End Sub
4. Private Sub CM_DLT_Click()
ED.Recordset.Delete
End Sub
Private Sub CM_ED_Click()
ED.Recordset.Edit
End Sub
5. Private Sub CM_END_Click()
End
End Sub
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6. Private Sub CM_SV_Click()
ED.Recordset.Update
MsgBox "YOUR RECORD IS SUCCESSFULLY SAVED"
End Sub
RESULT:
Thus a program to salary calculation form using DAO data control using
VB.6 is created successfully.
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Ex No.: 30
Date:
DESIGNING SHOP BILL FORM USING VISUAL BASIC.6
AIM:
To create a program to calculate shop bill using DAO data control using
VB.6.
PROCEDURE:
1. A standard EXE project is opened.
2. Two forms, thirteen text box, six label boxes, five check buttons, seven
command buttons are dragged into the form.
3. The captions are changed.
4. Newly appeared icon is placed in the form
5. Links for text box are created
6. Coding are written in corresponding objects
F5 / Run command is used to execute the project
PROGRAM:
1. Private Sub CM_AN_Click()
cho.Recordset.AddNew
CM_AN.Enabled = False
dairy.Value = 0
perk.Value = 0
star1.Value = 0
mun.Value = 0
KAT.Value = 0
Label4.Visible = False
milk.Visible = False
perk1.Visible = False
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five.Visible = False
munch.Visible = False
kik.Visible = False
U.Visible = False
A.Visible = False
D.Visible = False
P.Visible = False
F.Visible = False
M.Visible = False
K.Visible = False
U.Visible = True
A.Visible = True
bn.SetFocus
End Sub
2. Private Sub CM_CAL_Click()
noitem = Val(milk) + Val(perk1) + Val(five) + Val(munch) + Val(kik)
D = Val(milk) * 10
P = Val(perk1) * 4
F = Val(five) * 5
M = Val(munch) * 6
K = Val(kik) * 6
Label4.Visible = True
amt = Val(D) + Val(P) + Val(F) + Val(M) + Val(K)
End Sub
3. Private Sub CM_CLR_Click()
bn.Text = ""
milk.Text = ""
perk1.Text = ""
five.Text = ""
munch.Text = ""
kik.Text = ""
noitem.Text = ""
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amt.Text = ""
D.Text = ""
P.Text = ""
F.Text = ""
M.Text = ""
K.Text = ""
End Sub
4. Private Sub CM_DLT_Click()
cho.Recordset.Delete
End Sub
5. Private Sub CM_ED_Click()
cho.Recordset.Edit
End Sub
6. Private Sub CM_END_Click()
dairy.Value = 0
perk.Value = 0
star1.Value = 0
mun.Value = 0
KAT.Value = 0
milk.Visible = False
perk1.Visible = False
five.Visible = False
munch.Visible = False
kik.Visible = False
U.Visible = False
A.Visible = False
D.Visible = False
P.Visible = False
F.Visible = False
M.Visible = False
K.Visible = False
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End
End Sub
7. Private Sub CM_SV_Click()
cho.Recordset.Update
MsgBox "THANK YOU.. YOUR BILL HAVE BEEN
SUCCESSFULLY SAVED"
bn.Text = ""
milk.Text = ""
perk1.Text = ""
five.Text = ""
munch.Text = ""
kik.Text = ""
noitem.Text = ""
amt.Text = ""
D.Text = ""
P.Text = ""
F.Text = ""
M.Text = ""
K.Text = ""
CM_AN.Enabled = True
dairy.Value = 0
perk.Value = 0
star1.Value = 0
mun.Value = 0
KAT.Value = 0
Label4.Visible = False
milk.Visible = False
perk1.Visible = False
five.Visible = False
munch.Visible = False
kik.Visible = False
U.Visible = False
A.Visible = False
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D.Visible = False
P.Visible = False
F.Visible = False
M.Visible = False
K.Visible = False
End Sub
8. Private Sub dairy_Click()
milk.Visible = True
D.Visible = True
milk.SetFocus
D.Text = ""
milk.Text = ""
End Sub
9. Private Sub five_Click()
F.Visible = True
F.Text = ""
End Sub
10. Private Sub Frame2_DragDrop(Source As Control, X As Single, Y As
Single)
D.Visible = False
P.Visible = False
End Sub
11. Private Sub KAT_Click()
kik.Visible = True
kik.SetFocus
kik.Text = ""
K.Visible = True
K.Text = " "
End Sub
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12. Private Sub kik_Click()
K.Visible = True
K.Text = ""
End Sub
13. Private Sub milk_Click()
D.Visible = True
D.Text = ""
End Sub
14. Private Sub mun_Click()
munch.Visible = True
munch.SetFocus
munch.Text = ""
M.Visible = True
M.Text = " "
End Sub
15. Private Sub munch_Click()
M.Visible = True
M.Text = ""
End Sub
16. Private Sub perk_Click()
perk1.Visible = True
perk1.SetFocus
perk1.Text = " "
P.Visible = True
P.Text = ""
End Sub
17. Private Sub perk1_Click()
P.Visible = True
P.Text = ""
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End Sub
18. Private Sub star1_Click()
F.Visible = True
F.Text = " "
five.Visible = True
five.SetFocus
five.Text = ""
End Sub
RESULT:
Thus a program to calculate shop bill form using DAO data control using
VB.6 is created successfully.
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Ex No.: 31
Date:
INTRODUCTION TO TALLY 9
AIM:
To familiarize with the advantage of tally accounting package 9.
PROCEDURE:
Tally has evolved from a basic accounting and inventory software to a
complete business solution catering across industry segments and verticals.
Tally is a business support tool which enables a user or the organization to
manage their day to day accounting and monitor the financial help of the
organization. These ultimately lead to increase productivity and profitability.
Tally gives a variety of information for day to day and periodical business
management easily and instantly.
RESULT:
Thus the accounting package tally 9 has been familiarized clearly.
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Ex No.: 32
Date:
COMPANY CREATION IN TALLY
AIM:
To create a company details in Tally Package.
PROCEDURE:
The first screen of Tally is the company information screen only with two
options viz, one to select an existing company and the other to create the new
company. And there is also some other information regarding the company.
1. The introductory face of tally 9 displays a company information menu
where in it shows options like select company, create company, back
up, restore and quit.
2. Select  Create Company.
3. Details of the company which are to be furnished by the user is
displayed.
4. The following details are to be entered.
 Name
 Mailing Name & Address
 Tax Details
 Currency Symbol
 Maintain
 Financial year from
 Book Beginning from
 Security Control
RESULT:
Thus a company has been created successfully in tally 9 package.
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Ex No.: 33
Date:
PREPARATION OF FINAL ACCOUNTS FROM TRAIL BALANCE
AIM:
To prepare a balance sheet and profit/loss for the following problem,
using tally package. The ultimate aim to prepare these balance sheet and
profit/loss account is to determine the financial position of the company
and the profit/loss in that financial year.
PROCEDURE:
1. To get start with Tally STARTPROGRAMTALLY.
2. In Company Information Select Create Company to create a new
company.
3. Creation of Ledger
4. In Gateway of Tally Select Accounts Information.
5. Select Ledger
6. Select Single Ledger Create
7. Create necessary ledgers like Capital, Sales, Purchases, Drawings,
Plant & Machinery Salaries, Rent, etc., and type respective heads of
accounts and type the amount in the balance column.
8. Enter the given problem.
From the following Trial Balance of Krishna Bros as on 31st December
1998, prepare final accounts:
PARTICULARS
RS.
Credit Balance
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Capital
36000
Creditors
8720
Bills Payable
2528
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Sales
78182
Loan
12000
Debit Balance
Debtors
3885
Salaries
4000
Discount
1000
Postage
273
Bad debts
287
Interest
1295
Insurance
417
Machinery
10000
Stock on 1 January
9945
Purchases
62092
Wages
4300
Buildings
23780
Fixtures and fittings
16156
st
Closing stock on 31st December 1998 was 14300
9. DISPLAY OF PROFIT/LOSS A/C
In Gateway of Tally Select Profit/Loss A/c
10. DISPLAY OF BALANCE SHEET
In Gateway of Tally Select Balance Sheet
RESULT:
The balance sheet for the company is obtained using tally.
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Ex No.: 34
Date:
PREPARETION OF PROFIT/LOSS A/C & BALANCE SHEET
FROM TRANSACTIONS
AIM:
To prepare a balance sheet & profit/loss for ABC & co., using tally
package for the given entries.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
Capital Rs.100000 introduced into the business
Salary Rs. 10000 is paid
Cash sales adders.1000000
Sold goods to Mr.kandan for Rs.25000
Sold goods to Mr.Murugan for Rs.30000
Cash purchase made for rs.125000 and no closing stock
Cash received from Mr.Kandan Rs.10000
PROCEDURE:
1. To get start with Tally STARTPROGRAMTALLY
2. In Company Information create Company to create a new company.
3. Creation of Ledger
a. In Gateway of Tally Select Accounts Information
b. Select Ledger
c. Select Single Ledger Create
d. Then type to information such as Capital, Sales,
4. Gateway of TallyAccounting Vouchers
5. [Creation of Voucher]
In Gateway of Tally Select Voucher Entry
F5– For Payment
- Select Payment Voucher<cash&bank>
F6 – For Receipt
- Select Receipt Voucher<cash&bank>
F7 – For Journal
- Select Sale Voucher
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F8 – For Sales
- Select Sale Voucher
F9 – For Purchase
- Select Purchase Voucher
6. DISPLAY OF PROFIT/LOSS A/C
In Gateway of Tally  Select Profit/Loss A/c
7. DISPLAY OF BALANCE SHEET
In Gateway of Tally Select Balance Sheet.
RESULT:
The balance sheet and P&L account for the company is obtained
using TALLY.
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Ex No.: 35
Date:
CREATION OF STOCK SUMMARY
AIM:
To create a stock summary for PRAKASH TRADING COMPANY using
“TALLY” package.
 Prakash Trading Company Started a Business of Garments at No.25
Nehru Street, Saidapet, Chennai.
 05:04:2001 Credit Purchase
Purchase from Royal Textiles<invoice No.123>.
Cotton sarees
50 Nos at
Rs.300.00
Churdithar
50 Nos at
Rs.400.00
 O7-04-2001 Purchases from Kishore Textiles <Invoice No.20>
Cotton Sarees 50 Nos at
Rs.300.00
Churdithar
50Nos at
Rs.400.00
 10-04-2001 Purchase from Santhosh Textiles <Invoice No.53>
T-shirts
100Nos at
Rs.100
Jean pants
100Nos at
Rs.1000.00
 10-04-2001 Cash Purchase
Cotton Sarees 50Nos at
Rs.300.00
Chudithar
50Nos at
Rs.400.00
 15-04-2001 Credit sales London stores <Invoice no.1>
Cotton sarees 60Nos at
Rs.500.00
Chudithar
100Nos at
Rs.750.00
T-shirts
60Nos at
Rs.1000.00
Jean pants
60Nos at
Rs.1300.00
 17-04-2001 Cash sales London Stores <Invoice no.1>
Cotton sarees
40Nos at
Rs.500.00
Chudithar
25Nos at
Rs.750.00
T-shirts
20Nos at
Rs.1000.00
Jean pants
20Nos at
Rs.1300.00
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PROCEDURE:
1. If the “Tally” package was present in the desktop window double click
the icon to open it, else select STARTPROGRAMTALLY.
2. In company Info. Select Create Company to create a new company.
3. [Creation of Ledger]
a. In Gateway of Tally Select Acco.Info.
b. Select Ledger
c. Select Single Ledger Create
d. Then Type the names Credit purchase, purchase, Credit Sales,
Sales, Royal textiles, Santhosh textiles, London stores.
4. [Creation of Inventories]
a. In Gateway of Tally Select 0f Tally select Inventory Info.
b. Select Single Stock Group Create
c. Then Type Gents Wears, Ladies Wears.
d. In Gateway of Tally Select Units of Measure
e. Then type Nos<numbers>, Rs<rupees>
f. In gateway of tally select of tally select inventory info
g. select stock item
h. select single stock items create
i. Then type cotton sarees<ladies wears>.chudhiar<ladies wear>
j. T-shirts <gents wear>, jeans pant<gents wear>.
5. On pressing F11 <function key>, it will display the features of the
company and select the choices.Give yes to maintain bill wise details,
maintain stock categories.
6. Creation of voucher
In gateway of tally select voucher entry
F4-for contra
- select contra voucher
F5-for payment
- select payment voucher<cash & bank>
F6-for receipt
- select receipt voucher<cash & bank>
F7- for journal
- select journal voucher
F8- for sales
- select sale voucher
F9- for purchase
- select purchase voucher
7. To display the stock summary
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In the Gateway of tally select stock summary this will display the stock
Summary.
8. Exit.
RESULT:
The stock summary is prepared and the output is obtained using Tally.
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Ex No.: 36
Date:
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM USING TORA
AIM:
To Solve a Transportation Problem using TORA
PROCEDURE:
1. Select MainMenuTransportation Model
2. Select Data EntryEnter New Problem
3. Enter the problem Tiltle <eg : transport> and Number of
sources<eg:2> and Number of Destination<eg:2>
4. Specify the supply amount<eg:40,20> ,Demand amount<eg:30,70>,S1
unit costs<eg:20,20> and S2 unit costs<eg:10,50>.
5. Save the Problem
6. Select Solve the problem
7. Select the Automated Procedure to Display the Result
8. Tabulate the Results
RESULT:
Thus the Transportation Problem is solved using Tora
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Ex No.: 37
Date:
CRITICAL PATH METHOD <CPM> BY USING TORA
AIM:
To solve a Critical Path Method<CPM> by using Tora
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Select Main MenuNetwork Models
Select AlgorithmCritical Path<CPM>
Enter the Problem Title Name and Number of nodes in project<eg:9>
Specify the Duration number for the corresponding nodes
Save the data
Select Solve the Problem
Select OptimumView optimum solution summary
Tabulate the Results.
RESULT:
Thus the problem of critical path method is solved using Tora.
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Ex No.: 38
Date:
PROGRAM EVALUATION REVIEW TECHNIQUE <PERT> BY
USING TORA
AIM:
To solve a Program Evaluation Review Technique <PERT> by using Tora
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Select Main MenuNetwork Models
Select Algorithm Program Evaluation Review Technique <PERT>
Enter the Problem Title Name and Number of nodes in project<eg:9>
Specify the Duration number for the corresponding nodes
Save the data
Select Solve the Problem
Select OptimumView optimum solution summary
Tabulate the Results.
RESULT:
Thus the problem of Program Evaluation Review Technique <PERT> is
solved using Tora
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Ex No.: 39
Date:
ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY PROBLEM USING TORA
AIM:
To Solve an Economic Order Quantity problem Using TORA by
Manufacturing Using shortage model.
PROCEDURE:
Select Main Menu Inventory Models
Select Inventory ModelGeneral EOQ
Enter the Problem Title Name
Specify the Production rate ,Demand rate ,Setup cost,Holding cost,Penalty
cost and the Lead time.
5. Save the Problem.
6. Select F5 for computing the solution
7. Tabulate the Result
1.
2.
3.
4.
RESULT:
Thus the Economic Order Quantity problem is solved using TORA.
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Ex No.: 40
Date:
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTAT 12
AIM:
To have an overview about SYSTAT 12.
PROCEDURE:
1. SYSTAT 12:
SYSTAT was designed for statistical analysis and graphical presentation
of scientific and engineering data. In order to use this tutorial, knowledge of
windows 95/98/2000/NT/XP would be helpful.
SYSTAT provides a powerful statistical and graphical analysis system in a
new graphical user interface environment using descriptive menus, toolbars and
dialog boxes. It offers numerous statistical features from simple descripitive
statistics to highly statistical algorithm.
SYSTAT also offers a huge data worksheet for powerful data handling.
SYSTAT handles most of the popular data formats Excel, SPSS, BMDP,
MINITAB, S-plus, statistica, Stata, JMP, and ASCII.All matrix operation and
computations are menu driven.
2. Getting Started With SYSTAT:
Opening SYSTAT for Windows
To start SYSTATfor windows NT4 98, 2000, MEand XP, go to
 Start  All programs  SYSTAT 12 SYSTAT12
 Alternatively you can double-click on the SYSTAT icon,to get started
with SYSTAT
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3. User Interface:
The user interface of SYSTAT is organized into three spaces:
I.
Viewspace
II. Workspace
III. Commandspace
I.
Viewspace has the following tabs:
 Output Editor. Graphs and statistical results appear in the output
editor.you can edit, print and save the output displated in the Output
Editor.
 Data Editor. The data editor displats the data in a row-columb format.
Each row is a case and each column is variable. You can enter, edit, view,
and save data in the Data Editor.
 Graph Editor. You can edit and save graphs in the Graph Editor.
 Startpage. Startpage window appears in Viewspace as you open
SYSTAT.It is divided into five panes.
1. Recent Files containing a list of all the recently opened data,
command and optput files: You can reopen these files just by
double-clicking on their names.
2. Themes contain a list of menu themes; double-click any one to
apply it to the SYSTAT windows.
3. Manuals containing a list of the user manual documents; you can
open the desired volume by double-clicking on its name.
4. Tips providing useful tips about SYSTAT features and how to
achieve any given task next tip will allow you to scroll through any
number of tips.
5. Scratchpad for writing notes while you are working with
SYSTAT .Anything that you enter here remains across sessions.
You can resize the partition of the sartpage or you can close the startpage for the
remainder of the session.
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If you want to view the data editor and the graph editor simultaneously click
window menu or right-click in the toolbar area and select Tile or Tile
vertically.
II.
Viewspace has the following tabs:
 Output Organizer. The output organizer tab helps primarlily to navigate
through the results of your sataistical analysis.You can quickly navigate to
specific portions of output without having to use the output editor scrollbars.
 Examples: The Examples tab enables you to run the examples give in the user
manual with just a click of mouse. The SYSTAT examples tree consists of
folders corresponding to different volumes of user manual and nodes.You
can also add your own examples.
 Dynamic Explorer. The Dynamic Explore can be used to rotate 3-D graphs,
apply power transformations to values on one or more axes, and change the
confidence intervals, ellipses, and kernels in scatter plots.
By default the Dynamic Explorer appears automatically whin the Graph
Editor tab is active.
III.
Commandspace has the following tabs:
 Interactive. In the interactive tab, you can commands at the command
prompt (>) and issue them pressing the Enter Key.
 Untitled. The Untitled tab enables you to run the commands in the batch
mode.You can open, edit, submit and save SYSTAT command file(.syc or
.cmd).
 Log. In the log tab, you can view the record of the commands issued during
the SYSTAT session Dialog or in the Interactive mode).
By default the tabs of commandspace are arranged in the following order.
 Interactive
 Log
 Untitled
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You can cycle through the three tabs using the following keyboard
shortcuts:
 CTRL+ALT+TAB.Shifts focus one tab to the right.
 CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+ TAB.shifts focus one tab to the left.
4. SYSTAT Data, Command and Output files:
I.
II.
III.
Data files. You can save data files with (.SYZ) extension.
Command files. A command file is a text file that contains
SYSTAT
commands.Saving your analyses in a command file allows you to repeat
them at a later date.These files are saved with (.SYC) extension.
Output files. SYSTAT displays statistical and output in the output Editor.
You can save the output in (.SYO), Rich Text format (.RTF) and Hypertext
Markup Language Format (*.HTM).
RESULT:
The overview about SYSTAT 12 has been understood clearly.
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Ex No.: 41
Date:
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS USING SYSTAT 12
AIM:
To work out the descriptive statistics using SYSTAT 12.
PROCEDURE:
Descriptive statistics offer basic statistics and stem-and-leaf plot for columns as
well as rows. The basic statistics are:
 Number of observations(N),
 Maximum
 Mean,
 Sum trimmed mean,
 Geometric mean,
 Harmonic mean
 Standard deviation,
 Variance,
 Co-efficient of Variance(CV),
 Range,
 Median,
 Standard error of mean etc.,
The descriptive statistics for student marklist is performed in the following steps:
1. To enter the details File  New  Data.
2. In the data editor:
a. Double click a variable name or select a variable, right click and
select data variable properties.
b. For each variable, you can assign a name, type, and display format.
c. If the variable is string give a “$” sign at the end of the variable
name.
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3.
4.
5.
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d. The variable like, sl.no, name, m1, m2, m3, m4, total, avg are
created.
e. The values are entered.
To perform basic statistics, from the menu choose: Analysis  Basic
Statistics.
Add m1, m2, m3, m4, total, average to the selected variable list.
Select N, minimum, maximum, sum, arithmetic mean(AM), geometric
mean(GM), harmonic mean(HM), Range, Variance, median, SD.
Click ok.
RESULT:
Thus the descriptive statistics using SYSTAT 12 is worked out
successfully.
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Ex No.:42
Date:
CORRELATION USING SYSTAT 12
AIM:
To compute the relationship between age and income of people in a
city using SYSTAT 12.
PROCEDURE:
1. To enter the details File  New  Data.
2. In the data editor:
a. The variable like, sl.no, name, age, income are created.
b. The values are entered.
3. To perform basic statistics, from the menu choose: Analysis  Correlation
 Simple.
4. Add age, income to the selected variable list.
5. Under types, Select Pearson under drop-down list of Continuous data.
6. Select the Radio button Listwise under Deletion
7. Click Ok
RESULT:
Thus the relationship between age and income of people in a city
using SYSTAT 12 is worked out successfully.
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Ex No.:43
Date:
ONE-SAMPLE T-TEST USING SYSTAT 12
AIM:
To test the mean absenteeism is equal to the hypothesized value
using One-sample t-test in SYSTAT 12.
PROCEDURE:
1. To enter the details File  New  Data.
2. In the data editor:
a. The variable like, sl.no, Date, NoAB are created.
b. The values are entered.
3. To perform basic statistics, from the menu choose: Analysis  Hypothesis
Testing  Mean  One-Sample t-test.
4. Add NoAB to the selected variable list.
5. Enter mean 1
6. From the drop-down list, select the alternative type as ‘not equal’
7. Click Ok
RESULT:
Thus the mean absenteeism is equal to the hypothesized value
using One-sample t-test in SYSTAT 12 is tested successfully.

BAS
BA1658
Page No.
82
BA1658 – Business Application Software
Lab Manual
Ex No.:44
Date:
TWO-SAMPLE T-TEST USING SYSTAT 12
AIM:
To test whether the average marks in a subject of boys differ from
that of girls using Two-sample t-test in SYSTAT 12.
PROCEDURE:
1. To enter the details File  New  Data.
2. In the data editor:
a. The variable like, sl.no, Name, Sex, Mark are created.
b. The values are entered.
3. To perform basic statistics, from the menu choose: Analysis  Hypothesis
Testing  Mean  Two-Sample t-test.
4. Add mark to the selected variable list.
5. Add sex to the Grouping Variable list.
6. From the drop-down list, select the alternative type as ‘not equal’
7. Click Ok
RESULT:
Thus testing whether the average marks in a subject of boys differ
from that of girls using Two-sample t-test in SYSTAT 12 is tested successfully.

BAS
BA1658
Page No.
83
Lab Manual
BA1658 – Business Application Software
Ex No.:45
Date:
PAIRED T-TEST USING SYSTAT 12
AIM:
To test the access the equality of product prices of Chennai and
Madurai using Paired t-test in SYSTAT 12.
PROCEDURE:
1. To enter the details File  New  Data.
2. In the data editor:
a. The variable like, sl.no, product, Chennai, Madurai are created.
b. The values are entered.
3. To perform basic statistics, from the menu choose: Analysis  Hypothesis
Testing  Mean  Paired t-test.
4. Add Chennai and Madurai to the selected variable list.
5. From the drop-down list, select the alternative type as ‘not equal’
6. Click Ok
RESULT:
Thus testing the access of equality of product prices of Chennai and
Madurai using Paired t-test in SYSTAT 12 is tested successfully.

BAS
BA1658
Page No.
84
Lab Manual
BA1658 – Business Application Software
Ex No.:46
Date:
REGRESSION USING SYSTAT 12
AIM:
To compute the predictive relationship between age and income of
people in a city using SYSTAT 12.
PROCEDURE:
1. To enter the details File  New  Data.
2. In the data editor:
a. The variable like, sl.no, name, age, income are created.
b. The values are entered.
3. To perform basic statistics, from the menu choose: Analysis  Regression
 Linear  Least Square.
4. Select Income as Dependent.
5. Select Age as Independent(s).
6. Click the check box of Include constant.
7. Click Ok.
RESULT:
Thus the predictive relationship between age and income of people
in a city using SYSTAT 12 is worked out successfully.

BAS
BA1658
Page No.
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