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89A PENNSYLVANIA HISTORIC RESOURCE SURVEY FORM ─ PHOTO/SITE PLAN SHEET Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau of Historic Preservation Commonwealth Keystone Building, 2nd Floor, 400 North Street, Harrisburg, PA 17108-1026 Survey Code: Tax Parcel: County: 020 62-2-13 Chester 029 Kennett Meeting House Photographs Photo 1. Kennett Meeting House, facing west Photographer: Wise Preservation Planning LLC Date: 2/11/2009 Location Map Kennett Square U.S.G.S. Quad map (See Site Plan in Additional Documentation) Historic / Other Name: Address: Municipality: Kennett Meeting House 488 Meetinghouse LA Kennett Township 89B PENNSYLVANIA HISTORIC RESOURCE SURVEY FORM – DATA SHEET Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau for Historic Preservation IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION Survey Code 020 Tax Parcel No. 62-2-13 County 1. Chester 029 2. Municipality 1. Kennett Township 2. Address 488 Meetinghouse LA Historic Name Kennett Meeting House Other Name Old Kennett Meeting House Owner Name / Address Owner Category x Private Public – local Public – state Resource Category x Building District Site Structure Number/Approximate Number of Resources Covered by This Form 4 USGS Quad 1. Kennett Square 2. UTM References A. B. C. Historic Function Category A. RELIGION B. FUNERARY C. RELIGION D. RELIGION A. Particular Type B. C. D. Current Function Category A. RELIGION B. FUNERARY C. RELIGION D. RELIGION Structural System Width 3 bay / feet D. HISTORIC AND CURRENT FUNCTIONS Subcategory Religious facility Cemetery Religious facility Religious facility Meeting House Burial Ground Mounting Block Horse shed foundation ruins Subcategory Religious facility Cemetery Religious facility Religious facility PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION A. Colonial B. No Style (3) C. D. Other Foundation Stone Roof Wood shingles Walls Stucco Walls Stone Other Other 1. Masonry – stone 2. Depth feet / 1 room Stories 1 / Height Architectural Classification Exterior Materials Public – Federal Object Code Code PENNSYLVANIA HISTORIC RESOURCE SURVEY FORM – NARRATIVE SHEET Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau for Historic Preservation HRSF 020 / Kennett Meeting House / 488 Meetinghouse LA 89C HISTORICAL INFORMATION Year Built: ca. 1731 Additions/Alterations Dates: ca. 1800 Basis for Dating: _x_ Documentary ___ Physical Explain: Building was documented by Univ. of Pennsylvania class in 2001. Cultural / Ethnic Affiliation Associated Events Builders 1. 2. 1. Religion 2. 1. 2. Associated Individuals Architects / Engineers 1. 2. 1. 2. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Futhey, J. Smith and Gilbert Cope, History of Chester County, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1881). PREVIOUS SURVEY, DETERMINATIONS Old Kennett Meeting House National Register nomination (listed 7/15/1974) EVALUATION (Survey Director/Consultants Only) Individual NR Potential: _x_ Yes ___ No Context(s): Religion, Architecture Contributes to Potential District ___Yes _x_ No District Name/Status: Classification: 1 – individually listed on the National Register on 7/15/1974. THREATS Threats: _1_ 1. None 2. Public Development 3. Private Development 4. Neglect 5. Other Explain: SURVEYOR INFORMATION Surveyor Name / Title Wise Preservation Planning LLC Date Project Name Kennett Township Historic Resource Survey 2008 Organization Telephone Street and No. 1480 Hilltop Road City, State Chester Springs PA Zip Code Additional Survey Documentation n/a Associated Survey Codes Key # 001561 8/2009 484-202-8187 19425 PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL RESOURCE SURVEY FORM – NARRATIVE SHEET 89C Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau for Historic Preservation Survey Code County Address 020 Chester 029 488 Meetinghouse LA Tax Parcel / Other No. Municipality Historic / Other Name 62-2-13 Kennett Twp Kennett Meeting House HISTORIC NARRATIVE: The Kennett Meeting House was constructed in 1731, replacing an earlier meeting house from 1719. It is a typical example of the Cottage Plan, the most common type of Quaker religious architecture in North America from 1690 until 1775 (as well as the most common plan of nonconformist architecture during those same years). It is a class I historic resource listed on the National Register of Historic Places. When constructed, the men and women sat on the main floor for worship, with the youth in the loft. For business sessions, boards were laid across the second floor void to produce two separate interior spaces. The men held their business on the lower floor, and the women held their business session on the upper floor. In the late 18th century or early 19th century, the interior was re-configured, at which time a vertical partition was installed. At this time, the entrance was widened to accommodate two doors, and the gallery door on the rear wall was sealed. The new interior provided a new seating arrangement. The women used the east half of the building, and the men used the west half of the building (an arrangement common in the Delaware Valley though reversed from the normal Quaker arrangement). Moveable panels in the partition were opened during worship but closed to allow the women to conduct their business without interference by the men (and vice versa). Attendance at the meeting was weakened by the creation of the Kennett Square Preparative Meeting in the early 19th century and by the 1827 division, which resulted in the creation of the nearby Orthodox meeting at Parkersville. By the early 20th century, the monthly meeting came to be centered in the Kennett Square Meeting House, which later dropped the word “Square” from its name. At that time, the Kennett Meeting House came to be called “Old Kennett.” The meeting house is used for worship a limited number of times each year. PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL RESOURCE SURVEY FORM – NARRATIVE SHEET 89C Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau for Historic Preservation Survey Code County Address 020 Chester 029 488 Meetinghouse LA Tax Parcel / Other No. Municipality Historic / Other Name 62-2-13 Kennett Township Kennett Meeting House PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION (page 1): This 5-acre property is located near the northeast corner of Kennett Township, on the north side of East Baltimore Pike. The long, rectangular parcel is lightly wooded except around its perimeter and the heavily wooded east end of the parcel. The property is the location of the Kennett Friends Meeting House, its associated burial ground, stone horse shed ruins and mounting block. Meeting House The Kennett Friends Meeting House is a rectangular building facing southeast onto Baltimore Pike. Although it has the exterior appearance of a 1-story, 3-bay building, it in fact has three interior floors. The building was constructed in 1731, replacing an earlier building on the site. It was built with its corners pointing in the compass directions (north, south, east, and west), following a common Quaker method of orientation of the early 18th century. The meeting house is accessed by a drive off Meetinghouse Lane; the drive runs clockwise in front of the building, then passes through a gate to a loop within the burial ground before exiting back onto Meetinghouse Lane. Key features of the meeting house include its sparsely spaced fenestration, its massing, its double doors on the main (southeast) elevation, and its watertable. The meeting house consists of a larger rectangular main block with a small hipped roof addition on its southwest elevation. 1. Roof - End-gabled, clad with wood shingles. Molded cornice with returns on the end walls. The chimneys have been reduced below the roofline. 2. Walls - stucco over stone. Fenestration is symmetrical a. Southeast (main) elevation has two windows with 3-paneled shutters flanking the entrance. Two doors are located in the center bay under a wide hood with exposed rafter tails (the hood apparently dates to the 19th century). The doors are 6-paneled units that appear to date to the late 19th century. They are hinged onto the same hinge jamb and open inward against the partition wall dividing the interior into two spaces. The west door has an 18th century Suffolk latch with arrowhead cusps; the east door has a decorative 18th century Norfolk latch b. Northeast elevation faces the burial ground. It has windows on three levels. A single 6x3 window lights the former schoolroom area in the attic; it is located off-center to the south. The second floor has two square windows sealed with batten shutters held by strap hinges. The first floor has an off-center and 18th century door opening under a shed-roofed hood clad with wood shingles. The door is flanked by windows sealed by 3-paneled shutters held by strap hinges c. Northwest elevation - the historic "rear" of the building. The only interruption to the stucco over stone wall surface are two symmetrically placed windows, currently sealed with 3-paneled shutters d. Southwest elevation faces onto the property entrance. Two widely separated square windows on the second floor level are sealed by batten shutters held by strap hinges. The first floor has an 18th century door slightly north of center, flanked by windows sealed by 3-paneled shutters PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL RESOURCE SURVEY FORM – NARRATIVE SHEET 89C Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau for Historic Preservation Survey Code County Address 020 Chester 029 488 Meetinghouse LA Tax Parcel / Other No. Municipality Historic / Other Name 62-2-13 Kennett Township Kennett Meeting House PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION (page 2): 3. Foundation: stone. The foundation protrudes around the entire building, forming the classic "watertable" found on many early 18th century buildings in Chester County The addition is located on the southwest end of the core. It consists of an enclosed space in the north half and an open porch to the south. It is not aligned with the rear elevation of the core. The addition has a hipped roof clad with wood shingles and featuring exposed rafter tails. The walls of the enclosed section are stuccoed, with a batten door on the southeast elevation. It has a stone foundationMinor landscape features associated with the meeting house include a stone wall along the southwest border of the property and a stone mounting block west of the building. The stone wall is an elongated E-shaped element that is the foundation of the earlier horse shed. The mounting block is a stone element west of the building with two steps leading down to grade. Burial Ground The burial ground is located east of the meeting house. The burials are not all marked; it appears that burials to the south and east are less likely to have markers. All markers are limited in size and mostly made of sandstone. The markers face west. Stone Horse Shed Ruins: Rubble stone remains of former horse shed just west of Mtg. House. Mounting Block: Stone horse mounting block with steps just north of Meeting House. SITE PLAN (numbers in brackets represent camera angles): Mounting Block 50 feet 3 N Addition Stone Horse Shed Ruins Meetinghouse Lane 6 Meeting House 2 4 5 Baltimore Pike 1 Burial Ground Iron fence with gate 7 PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL RESOURCE SURVEY FORM – PHOTOGRAPH SHEET Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau for Historic Preservation Survey Code County Address 020 Chester 029 488 Meetinghouse LA Tax Parcel / Other No. Municipality Historic / Other Name 62-2-13 Kennett Township Kennett Meeting House Photo 2. Meeting House, facing southwest. Photo 3. Meeting House, rear elevation, facing southeast. PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL RESOURCE SURVEY FORM – PHOTOGRAPH SHEET Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau for Historic Preservation Survey Code County Address 020 Chester 029 488 Meetinghouse LA Tax Parcel / Other No. Municipality Historic / Other Name 62-2-13 Kennett Township Kennett Meeting House Photo 4. Meeting House, facing northeast. Photo 5. Burial ground, facing northeast. PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL RESOURCE SURVEY FORM – PHOTOGRAPH SHEET Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau for Historic Preservation Survey Code County Address 020 Chester 029 488 Meetinghouse LA Tax Parcel / Other No. Municipality Historic / Other Name 62-2-13 Kennett Township Kennett Meeting House Photo 6. Mounting block, facing northeast. Photo 7. Stone foundation of former horse sheds, facing south.