modelling the ecological context of evolutionary change
... models. Typically, optimality models ignore the details of how the genotype of an organism gives rise to its phenotype and simply seek to characterize the phenotype that yields the highest fitness. Thus, optimality models require the specification of a fitness function, and the underlying assumption ...
... models. Typically, optimality models ignore the details of how the genotype of an organism gives rise to its phenotype and simply seek to characterize the phenotype that yields the highest fitness. Thus, optimality models require the specification of a fitness function, and the underlying assumption ...
ExamView Pro - Chapter 15.bnk
... 5. Darwin thought that the animals of the Galápagos Islands were similar to those of the nearby coast of South America because a. the animals’ ancestors had migrated from South America to the Galápagos Islands. b. the animals had all been brought to the islands by humans. c. the islands had slowly d ...
... 5. Darwin thought that the animals of the Galápagos Islands were similar to those of the nearby coast of South America because a. the animals’ ancestors had migrated from South America to the Galápagos Islands. b. the animals had all been brought to the islands by humans. c. the islands had slowly d ...
Hen`s Teeth and Horse`s Toes
... be found in nature was natural theology [ELP 9, LMC 15]. Some of the ideas date back to antiquity, but the seminal document is William Paley’s 1802 book of this title. Natural theology, as opposed to revealed theology, was in part an attempt to reconcile the early flowering and findings of science w ...
... be found in nature was natural theology [ELP 9, LMC 15]. Some of the ideas date back to antiquity, but the seminal document is William Paley’s 1802 book of this title. Natural theology, as opposed to revealed theology, was in part an attempt to reconcile the early flowering and findings of science w ...
Introduction. Extent, processes and evolutionary impact - BiK-F
... Introduction. Extent, processes and evolutionary impact of interspecific hybridization in animals Since the time of Charles Darwin, studies of interspecific hybridization have been a major focus for evolutionary biologists. Although this phenomenon has often been viewed as problematic in the fields ...
... Introduction. Extent, processes and evolutionary impact of interspecific hybridization in animals Since the time of Charles Darwin, studies of interspecific hybridization have been a major focus for evolutionary biologists. Although this phenomenon has often been viewed as problematic in the fields ...
Darwin`s Dice: The Idea of Chance in the Thought of Charles Darwin
... so-called Franciscan interpretation. Francis did not alter Darwin’s words but he did make choices about what should be published after his father’s death and what should remain private. Later commentators have offered different interpretations of what Darwinism meant to Darwin as more of Darwin’s “p ...
... so-called Franciscan interpretation. Francis did not alter Darwin’s words but he did make choices about what should be published after his father’s death and what should remain private. Later commentators have offered different interpretations of what Darwinism meant to Darwin as more of Darwin’s “p ...
Pre-zygotic isolation in the macroalgal genusFucus from four contact
... hybrids, creating a hybrid swarm or ‘extinction through hybridization’ [12,13]. Second, if introgressed individuals are genetically stabilized and/or colonize new habitats, novel evolutionary lineages can arise [14–17]. Finally, if hybrid offspring are less fit than the parental species, pre-zygotic ...
... hybrids, creating a hybrid swarm or ‘extinction through hybridization’ [12,13]. Second, if introgressed individuals are genetically stabilized and/or colonize new habitats, novel evolutionary lineages can arise [14–17]. Finally, if hybrid offspring are less fit than the parental species, pre-zygotic ...
What Makes Biology Unique?
... these two volumes. As a result, by the time I returned to Germany, I had concluded that neither Driesch nor Bergson was the answer to my search. Both authors were vitalists and I had no use for a philosophy based on such an occult force as the vis vitalis. But I was equally disappointed by the tradi ...
... these two volumes. As a result, by the time I returned to Germany, I had concluded that neither Driesch nor Bergson was the answer to my search. Both authors were vitalists and I had no use for a philosophy based on such an occult force as the vis vitalis. But I was equally disappointed by the tradi ...
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN SKULL
... snapshot of adult size and shape. There are often strong correlations between static and ontogenetic allometry (e.g., Cheverud 1982; Klingenberg and Zimmermann 1992; Klingenberg 1996, 1998), particuarly among invertebrates where patterns of static allometry are established during larval development ...
... snapshot of adult size and shape. There are often strong correlations between static and ontogenetic allometry (e.g., Cheverud 1982; Klingenberg and Zimmermann 1992; Klingenberg 1996, 1998), particuarly among invertebrates where patterns of static allometry are established during larval development ...
Evolution: artificial selection and domestication
... Since the invention of DNA sequencers in the late 20th century, measuring very small differences between the genes of different organisms has become much easier and more precise than quantifying phenotypic variation. Synonymous mutations and changes to introns are examples of genetic changes that ha ...
... Since the invention of DNA sequencers in the late 20th century, measuring very small differences between the genes of different organisms has become much easier and more precise than quantifying phenotypic variation. Synonymous mutations and changes to introns are examples of genetic changes that ha ...
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN SKULL
... snapshot of adult size and shape. There are often strong correlations between static and ontogenetic allometry (e.g., Cheverud 1982; Klingenberg and Zimmermann 1992; Klingenberg 1996, 1998), particuarly among invertebrates where patterns of static allometry are established during larval development ...
... snapshot of adult size and shape. There are often strong correlations between static and ontogenetic allometry (e.g., Cheverud 1982; Klingenberg and Zimmermann 1992; Klingenberg 1996, 1998), particuarly among invertebrates where patterns of static allometry are established during larval development ...
Cladistic analysis or cladistic classification?
... with the objectives and methods of cladistics which has been in the way of a more general adoption. GUNTHER,on the other hand, believes that it is the unavailability or neglect of three sets of facts which have prevented the more general application of cladistics: (1) the lack of sufficient availabl ...
... with the objectives and methods of cladistics which has been in the way of a more general adoption. GUNTHER,on the other hand, believes that it is the unavailability or neglect of three sets of facts which have prevented the more general application of cladistics: (1) the lack of sufficient availabl ...
Phenotypic plasticity in evolutionary rescue experiments
... suggest investigating this question with laboratory experiments (some of them described in §5). While laboratory conditions represent model environments that do not capture all the complexity of natural systems, they allow deciphering with more precision those population processes that are likely to ...
... suggest investigating this question with laboratory experiments (some of them described in §5). While laboratory conditions represent model environments that do not capture all the complexity of natural systems, they allow deciphering with more precision those population processes that are likely to ...
The fitness costs of adaptation via phenotypic plasticity and maternal
... successive flips from e = d/2 to e = d/2 in stochastic environments, we generated random numbers from the exponential distribution with mean l set at l = 50 and l = 5 to represent slow- and fast-flipping environments, respectively. The environment can therefore change before development and selection ...
... successive flips from e = d/2 to e = d/2 in stochastic environments, we generated random numbers from the exponential distribution with mean l set at l = 50 and l = 5 to represent slow- and fast-flipping environments, respectively. The environment can therefore change before development and selection ...
The role of linkage disequilibrium in the evolution of
... ‘population’ of individuals connected by gene flow), but recombination has no effect because there is no other underlying species-specific trait with which the marker must become associated. In instances similar to this one, the distinction between one-allele and two-allele models of speciation is n ...
... ‘population’ of individuals connected by gene flow), but recombination has no effect because there is no other underlying species-specific trait with which the marker must become associated. In instances similar to this one, the distinction between one-allele and two-allele models of speciation is n ...
Evolution - Free
... Erasmus Darwin proposed that all warm-blooded animals could have descended from a single microorganism (or “filament”).[38] The first full-fledged evolutionary scheme was Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's “transmutation” theory of 1809,[39] which envisaged spontaneous generation continually producing simple form ...
... Erasmus Darwin proposed that all warm-blooded animals could have descended from a single microorganism (or “filament”).[38] The first full-fledged evolutionary scheme was Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's “transmutation” theory of 1809,[39] which envisaged spontaneous generation continually producing simple form ...
Toward a New Comparative Musicology
... However, a major objective of the new comparative musicology is to apply classification procedures to musical behavior and meaning, just as they have been applied to numerous other ethnographic and semiotic domains (Murdock 1967; Lewis 2009). In the following descriptions, we will focus largely on e ...
... However, a major objective of the new comparative musicology is to apply classification procedures to musical behavior and meaning, just as they have been applied to numerous other ethnographic and semiotic domains (Murdock 1967; Lewis 2009). In the following descriptions, we will focus largely on e ...
Thorstein Veblen`s Economics and Darwinian Evolutionary Social
... theory, with its peculiar synthesis of biological and cultural accounts, stood in fact outside and independent of this battle. But still, this state of affairs in the social sciences community in the first half of the 20th century, when Veblen was active as a writer and theorist, did not create a ve ...
... theory, with its peculiar synthesis of biological and cultural accounts, stood in fact outside and independent of this battle. But still, this state of affairs in the social sciences community in the first half of the 20th century, when Veblen was active as a writer and theorist, did not create a ve ...
Domains, Brains and Evolution
... as an adaptive problem, or a set of suitably related adaptive problems. Adopting this definition, we proceed to introduce the distinction between data and algorithms, and to differentiate four conceptions of our cognitive architecture, only two of which, we argue, are viable: (a) generalpurpose mech ...
... as an adaptive problem, or a set of suitably related adaptive problems. Adopting this definition, we proceed to introduce the distinction between data and algorithms, and to differentiate four conceptions of our cognitive architecture, only two of which, we argue, are viable: (a) generalpurpose mech ...
Evolution PowerPoint
... Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S. (2005). Chapter 16: Evolution of Populations. Prentice Hall biology (North Carolina ed., pp. 392- 415). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S. (2005). Chapter 15: Darwin's Theory of Evolution. Prentice Hall biology (North Carolina ed., ...
... Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S. (2005). Chapter 16: Evolution of Populations. Prentice Hall biology (North Carolina ed., pp. 392- 415). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S. (2005). Chapter 15: Darwin's Theory of Evolution. Prentice Hall biology (North Carolina ed., ...
The Paleobiological Revolution
... and features the work of pioneers in the field such as Norman Newell in the United States and Otto Schindewolf in Germany, each of whom practiced a theoretical paleontology, and each of whom trained important figures of the 1970s revolution. Indeed, there are as many elements of continuity as there ...
... and features the work of pioneers in the field such as Norman Newell in the United States and Otto Schindewolf in Germany, each of whom practiced a theoretical paleontology, and each of whom trained important figures of the 1970s revolution. Indeed, there are as many elements of continuity as there ...
The Origin of Species
... • Lamarck hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics • The mechanisms he proposed are unsupported by evidence ...
... • Lamarck hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics • The mechanisms he proposed are unsupported by evidence ...
Niches in evolutionary theories of technical change
... This article starts with a historiographical overview. We will explore systematically how niches have been conceptualized in various evolutionary theories of technical change coming from different traditions: evolutionary economics (e.g. Levinthal 1998; Nelson and Winter 1982; Saviotti 1996; Ziman 2 ...
... This article starts with a historiographical overview. We will explore systematically how niches have been conceptualized in various evolutionary theories of technical change coming from different traditions: evolutionary economics (e.g. Levinthal 1998; Nelson and Winter 1982; Saviotti 1996; Ziman 2 ...
Ever Since Darwin - A Website About Stephen Jay Gould`s Essays
... executor of “unfit” individuals; rather, he challenges the view that natural selection is also the main mechanism responsible for the creation of new species. [Bethell is not a creationist, and never suggests that the community is questioning the reality of largescale evolution; only that they are q ...
... executor of “unfit” individuals; rather, he challenges the view that natural selection is also the main mechanism responsible for the creation of new species. [Bethell is not a creationist, and never suggests that the community is questioning the reality of largescale evolution; only that they are q ...
Margulis L - Jason G. Goldman
... Margulis L. The microbes’ contribution to evolution // BioSystems. 1975. Vol. 7. P. 266–292. Margulis L. and Chase D. Microtubules in prokaryotes // Science. 1978. Vol. 200. P. 1118–1124. Mazur P., Barghoorn E. S., Halvorson H. O., Jukes T. H., Kaplan I. R. and Margulis L. Biological implications of ...
... Margulis L. The microbes’ contribution to evolution // BioSystems. 1975. Vol. 7. P. 266–292. Margulis L. and Chase D. Microtubules in prokaryotes // Science. 1978. Vol. 200. P. 1118–1124. Mazur P., Barghoorn E. S., Halvorson H. O., Jukes T. H., Kaplan I. R. and Margulis L. Biological implications of ...