EVOLUTION UNIT 7A Part 1 of 2
... Earth was sculpted by gradual geologic processes that continue today. (Mountains, earthquakes, erosion.) Earth was very old. Gradualism principle. • Wallace (British naturalist) (1850’s) developed a concept of natural selection identical to Darwin - both were presented to the scientific community. • ...
... Earth was sculpted by gradual geologic processes that continue today. (Mountains, earthquakes, erosion.) Earth was very old. Gradualism principle. • Wallace (British naturalist) (1850’s) developed a concept of natural selection identical to Darwin - both were presented to the scientific community. • ...
“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution”.
... What was the result of his observations? • Origin of Species – Decent with modification • Today’s species are descendants of ancestral species that were different • Ancestors accumulated diverse adaptations ...
... What was the result of his observations? • Origin of Species – Decent with modification • Today’s species are descendants of ancestral species that were different • Ancestors accumulated diverse adaptations ...
6 slides
... Evolution is...change in the genetic make-up of a population over generations. Darwin and Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection is an explanation for one mechanism of evolution. ...
... Evolution is...change in the genetic make-up of a population over generations. Darwin and Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection is an explanation for one mechanism of evolution. ...
Evolution vs Creationism Evolution: Defined
... Evolution is...change in the genetic make-up of a population over generations. Darwin and Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection is an explanation for one mechanism of evolution. Natural selection is not the only mechanism of evolution. We will discuss other mechanisms in a later lec ...
... Evolution is...change in the genetic make-up of a population over generations. Darwin and Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection is an explanation for one mechanism of evolution. Natural selection is not the only mechanism of evolution. We will discuss other mechanisms in a later lec ...
Four Historical Theories of Organic Change
... horses need to be darker, so they will get blacker and blacker each generation.” • Darwin says, “Black horses are better able survive and reproduce each generation, so there will be more and more black horses each generation.” ...
... horses need to be darker, so they will get blacker and blacker each generation.” • Darwin says, “Black horses are better able survive and reproduce each generation, so there will be more and more black horses each generation.” ...
Evolution - Biosystematics Evolution
... • Darwin published an entire book on pollination and the varied flowers and pollinators coming from a “unity of type” ...
... • Darwin published an entire book on pollination and the varied flowers and pollinators coming from a “unity of type” ...
howard notes evol bio 1
... (early 1930’s) –genetics explains the variations in populations 2. Variations in a pop caused by: a. mutations b. sexual reproduction – allows offspring to be dif from parents (not clones), crossing over, independent assortment of chromosomes, random fertilization c. diploidy – allows recessive gene ...
... (early 1930’s) –genetics explains the variations in populations 2. Variations in a pop caused by: a. mutations b. sexual reproduction – allows offspring to be dif from parents (not clones), crossing over, independent assortment of chromosomes, random fertilization c. diploidy – allows recessive gene ...
Unit 3 - History of Life on Earth
... the environment and the origin of new species as closely related processes • From studies made years after Darwin’s voyage, biologists have concluded that this is what happened to the Galápagos finches ...
... the environment and the origin of new species as closely related processes • From studies made years after Darwin’s voyage, biologists have concluded that this is what happened to the Galápagos finches ...
Evolution by Natural Selection
... Suppose that Tyrone had genes that he passed on to his cubs that helped his cubs to resist infections, so they were more likely to survive to adulthood. These genes would be more common in the next generation, since more of the cubs with these genes would survive to reproduce. A characteristic which ...
... Suppose that Tyrone had genes that he passed on to his cubs that helped his cubs to resist infections, so they were more likely to survive to adulthood. These genes would be more common in the next generation, since more of the cubs with these genes would survive to reproduce. A characteristic which ...
Evolution by Natural Selection
... Suppose that Tyrone had genes that he passed on to his cubs that helped his cubs to resist infections, so they were more likely to survive to adulthood. These genes would be more common in the next generation, since more of the cubs with these genes would survive to reproduce. A characteristic which ...
... Suppose that Tyrone had genes that he passed on to his cubs that helped his cubs to resist infections, so they were more likely to survive to adulthood. These genes would be more common in the next generation, since more of the cubs with these genes would survive to reproduce. A characteristic which ...
Adaptations / Classification
... documented examples of that survival occurred in the late 1970s and mid 1980s. First, when a large drought affected the island in 1977, seeds became scarce. Finches with the largest, toughest beaks were able to eat larger seeds that weren't typically part of their diet. As a result, they survived. F ...
... documented examples of that survival occurred in the late 1970s and mid 1980s. First, when a large drought affected the island in 1977, seeds became scarce. Finches with the largest, toughest beaks were able to eat larger seeds that weren't typically part of their diet. As a result, they survived. F ...
E - Bio @ Horton AP Biology
... 1. Darwin decided adaptations develop over time; he sought a mechanism by which adaptations might arise. 2. Natural selection was proposed by both Alfred Russel Wallace and Darwin as a driving mechanism of evolution caused by environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce, resulting in a ...
... 1. Darwin decided adaptations develop over time; he sought a mechanism by which adaptations might arise. 2. Natural selection was proposed by both Alfred Russel Wallace and Darwin as a driving mechanism of evolution caused by environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce, resulting in a ...
Lecture 11: Evolution 1. Review of Geology Genesis
... Cuvier: fixity of species, reality of extinction 3. Early Debates about Transmutation Goethe, Romanticism, and formative pressure Erasmus Darwin and English romanticism Lamarck and inheritance of acquired characteristics Reactions against transmutation Segwick and Lyell 4. Darwin: Family and Educati ...
... Cuvier: fixity of species, reality of extinction 3. Early Debates about Transmutation Goethe, Romanticism, and formative pressure Erasmus Darwin and English romanticism Lamarck and inheritance of acquired characteristics Reactions against transmutation Segwick and Lyell 4. Darwin: Family and Educati ...
howard overhead notes evolutionary biology
... 4. microevolution – pop change from 1 generation to the next 5. macroevolution – patterns of changes in groups of related species over broad periods of geologic time 6. fossil – remains of orgs that were buried quickly so that decomp was stopped/slowed – in sedimentary rock 7. gene pool—all genes in ...
... 4. microevolution – pop change from 1 generation to the next 5. macroevolution – patterns of changes in groups of related species over broad periods of geologic time 6. fossil – remains of orgs that were buried quickly so that decomp was stopped/slowed – in sedimentary rock 7. gene pool—all genes in ...
KEY
... and thus profits. For example, dairy farmers will look for the cows that can produce the most milk and only breed those cows. These cows then pass their genes that contribute to higher milk production onto their offspring, increasing productivity each generation for the farmers. Genetic drift _North ...
... and thus profits. For example, dairy farmers will look for the cows that can produce the most milk and only breed those cows. These cows then pass their genes that contribute to higher milk production onto their offspring, increasing productivity each generation for the farmers. Genetic drift _North ...
evolution—that
... evolution—that ____________, not individuals, evolve and become adapted to the environments in which they live. The term “adaptation” has _____ meanings in evolutionary biology. The first meaning refers to the processes by which adaptive traits are acquired. The second meaning refers to the traits t ...
... evolution—that ____________, not individuals, evolve and become adapted to the environments in which they live. The term “adaptation” has _____ meanings in evolutionary biology. The first meaning refers to the processes by which adaptive traits are acquired. The second meaning refers to the traits t ...
Week 4 Evolution Ideas and Evidence
... Very generally, evolution means change through time Biological evolution (specifically) means the change in genetic frequency within a population of organisms (i.e. it is when a gene/allele/trait becomes more/less common in a population). Natural selection is the main (but not the only) mechan ...
... Very generally, evolution means change through time Biological evolution (specifically) means the change in genetic frequency within a population of organisms (i.e. it is when a gene/allele/trait becomes more/less common in a population). Natural selection is the main (but not the only) mechan ...
Biodiversity Program Related Key Terms for Students
... connected and depends on each other. If the natural balance cannot be maintained then all will suffer. Diversity- relates to things that are different from one another in one or many different ways. Ecosystem- is a community of organisms that rely on each other within an environment. Environment- is ...
... connected and depends on each other. If the natural balance cannot be maintained then all will suffer. Diversity- relates to things that are different from one another in one or many different ways. Ecosystem- is a community of organisms that rely on each other within an environment. Environment- is ...
Study Guide - San Diego Mesa College
... Chapter 13: Evolutionary Theory: How species and populations evolve Be sure you remember the names of the major contributors to the development of the modern evolutionary theory (classical and synthetic), including Ch. Darwin, R. Wallace, T. Dobzansky, E. Mayr, S.J. Gould Know the four basic sta ...
... Chapter 13: Evolutionary Theory: How species and populations evolve Be sure you remember the names of the major contributors to the development of the modern evolutionary theory (classical and synthetic), including Ch. Darwin, R. Wallace, T. Dobzansky, E. Mayr, S.J. Gould Know the four basic sta ...
Evolution ppt notes_COMPLETE PACKET
... Individual organisms ___________________, and some of this variation is heritable. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they _________________________ _______________________. Individuals _ ...
... Individual organisms ___________________, and some of this variation is heritable. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they _________________________ _______________________. Individuals _ ...
Evolution review
... flow have on evolutionary change? • Review DNA mutation and protein synthesis. • Describe how mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation. • Review foldable for causes of evolution • Mutation, Natural selection, genetic drift, founder effect, bottleneck effect, migration, gene flow ...
... flow have on evolutionary change? • Review DNA mutation and protein synthesis. • Describe how mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation. • Review foldable for causes of evolution • Mutation, Natural selection, genetic drift, founder effect, bottleneck effect, migration, gene flow ...
14_self_test_questions.doc
... a. Earth was only 6000 years old. b. Species were evidence of acts of divine creation. c. Earth's species were created initially but many were destroyed by successive catastrophes. d. Natural processes (e.g., sedimentation due to river flow) occurring over long stretches of time accounted for the th ...
... a. Earth was only 6000 years old. b. Species were evidence of acts of divine creation. c. Earth's species were created initially but many were destroyed by successive catastrophes. d. Natural processes (e.g., sedimentation due to river flow) occurring over long stretches of time accounted for the th ...
Chapter 17
... • On his return, he learned that there were 13 species • He attempted to correlate variations in their traits with environmental challenges ...
... • On his return, he learned that there were 13 species • He attempted to correlate variations in their traits with environmental challenges ...
Evolution Unit Notes
... •Evolution is a theory and a fact. • The theory of Evolution deals with how Evolution happens. ○ Our understanding of this process is always changing. • Evolution is also a fact as there is a huge amount of indisputable evidence for its occurrence. Rodin’s “The Thinker” ...
... •Evolution is a theory and a fact. • The theory of Evolution deals with how Evolution happens. ○ Our understanding of this process is always changing. • Evolution is also a fact as there is a huge amount of indisputable evidence for its occurrence. Rodin’s “The Thinker” ...
Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms' observable traits. Genetic changes include mutations, which are caused by damage or replication errors in an organism's DNA. As the genetic variation of a population drifts randomly over generations, natural selection gradually leads traits to become more or less common based on the relative reproductive success of organisms with those traits.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Evolution does not attempt to explain the origin of life (covered instead by abiogenesis), but it does explain how the extremely simple early lifeforms evolved into the complex ecosystem that we see today. Based on the similarities between all present-day organisms, all life on Earth originated through common descent from a last universal ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. All individuals have hereditary material in the form of genes that are received from their parents, then passed on to any offspring. Among offspring there are variations of genes due to the introduction of new genes via random changes called mutations or via reshuffling of existing genes during sexual reproduction. The offspring differs from the parent in minor random ways. If those differences are helpful, the offspring is more likely to survive and reproduce. This means that more offspring in the next generation will have that helpful difference and individuals will not have equal chances of reproductive success. In this way, traits that result in organisms being better adapted to their living conditions become more common in descendant populations. These differences accumulate resulting in changes within the population. This process is responsible for the many diverse life forms in the world.The forces of evolution are most evident when populations become isolated, either through geographic distance or by other mechanisms that prevent genetic exchange. Over time, isolated populations can branch off into new species.The majority of genetic mutations neither assist, change the appearance of, nor bring harm to individuals. Through the process of genetic drift, these mutated genes are neutrally sorted among populations and survive across generations by chance alone. In contrast to genetic drift, natural selection is not a random process because it acts on traits that are necessary for survival and reproduction. Natural selection and random genetic drift are constant and dynamic parts of life and over time this has shaped the branching structure in the tree of life.The modern understanding of evolution began with the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. In addition, Gregor Mendel's work with plants helped to explain the hereditary patterns of genetics. Fossil discoveries in paleontology, advances in population genetics and a global network of scientific research have provided further details into the mechanisms of evolution. Scientists now have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution is the principal scientific theory that biologists use to understand life and is used in many disciplines, including medicine, psychology, conservation biology, anthropology, forensics, agriculture and other social-cultural applications.