Lecture Notes 1/25/02: Natural Selection
... • Finches on different Galapagos islands came from common ancestor • Adaptation – “fit” between beaks and food Inheritance • Darwin thought a lot about his family An influence – Thomas Malthus • (1798):An Essay on the Principle of Population – populations grow faster than food supply – population gr ...
... • Finches on different Galapagos islands came from common ancestor • Adaptation – “fit” between beaks and food Inheritance • Darwin thought a lot about his family An influence – Thomas Malthus • (1798):An Essay on the Principle of Population – populations grow faster than food supply – population gr ...
Lecture 1
... down’ vertebrates (or vice versa). Cuvier’s position was that these were completely separate and unrelated groups. Lamarck had the first really cohesive hypothesis of biological evolution, suggesting that new species arose from pre-existing species. He is best known for his concept of the “inheritan ...
... down’ vertebrates (or vice versa). Cuvier’s position was that these were completely separate and unrelated groups. Lamarck had the first really cohesive hypothesis of biological evolution, suggesting that new species arose from pre-existing species. He is best known for his concept of the “inheritan ...
Powerpoint for this lesson - PRIMARY SCIENCE WORKSHOPS
... • That differences in the offspring of living things (called VARIATION) create different characteristics that give them a better or worse chance of survival in different conditions, called ...
... • That differences in the offspring of living things (called VARIATION) create different characteristics that give them a better or worse chance of survival in different conditions, called ...
The Species Question
... • Darwin had undertaken many projects to back up his idea– pigeon breeding, correspondence with breeders, biologists, collectors, a detailed examination of the biology of barnacles… • Wallace came up with the same idea, natural selection, and sent his paper to Darwin. • In the end two papers were re ...
... • Darwin had undertaken many projects to back up his idea– pigeon breeding, correspondence with breeders, biologists, collectors, a detailed examination of the biology of barnacles… • Wallace came up with the same idea, natural selection, and sent his paper to Darwin. • In the end two papers were re ...
Natural Selection - Wando High School
... Suppose that Tyrone had genes that he passed on to his cubs that helped his cubs to resist infections, so they were more likely to survive to adulthood. These genes would be more common in the next generation, since more of the cubs with these genes would survive to reproduce. A characteristic which ...
... Suppose that Tyrone had genes that he passed on to his cubs that helped his cubs to resist infections, so they were more likely to survive to adulthood. These genes would be more common in the next generation, since more of the cubs with these genes would survive to reproduce. A characteristic which ...
Natural Selection
... Over many generations heritable adaptive characteristics become more common in a population. This process is called evolution by natural selection. Evolution by natural selection takes place over many, many generations. Evolution by natural selection leads to adaptation within a population. The term ...
... Over many generations heritable adaptive characteristics become more common in a population. This process is called evolution by natural selection. Evolution by natural selection takes place over many, many generations. Evolution by natural selection leads to adaptation within a population. The term ...
Evolution and Natural Selection Tutorial
... Lamarck proposed that changes in the environment caused an organism’s behavior to change, leading to greater use or disuse of a structure or organ. The structure would become larger or smaller as a result. Organism would then pass these changes on to its offspring. Idea is known as Inheritance of Ac ...
... Lamarck proposed that changes in the environment caused an organism’s behavior to change, leading to greater use or disuse of a structure or organ. The structure would become larger or smaller as a result. Organism would then pass these changes on to its offspring. Idea is known as Inheritance of Ac ...
Evolution and Natural Selection Tutorial
... Lamarck proposed that changes in the environment caused an organism’s behavior to change, leading to greater use or disuse of a structure or organ. The structure would become larger or smaller as a result. Organism would then pass these changes on to its offspring. Idea is known as Inheritance of Ac ...
... Lamarck proposed that changes in the environment caused an organism’s behavior to change, leading to greater use or disuse of a structure or organ. The structure would become larger or smaller as a result. Organism would then pass these changes on to its offspring. Idea is known as Inheritance of Ac ...
Power Point Notes
... economist, wrote essay that Darwin read on his return to England • Argued that as population size increases, resources dwindle, the struggle to live intensifies, and conflict ...
... economist, wrote essay that Darwin read on his return to England • Argued that as population size increases, resources dwindle, the struggle to live intensifies, and conflict ...
Transformation Disruptive Selection
... b. If selection favors similar phenotypes, character CONVERGENCE is likely to occur. ...
... b. If selection favors similar phenotypes, character CONVERGENCE is likely to occur. ...
Evolution History
... Evolution: A Revolutionary Idea We can allow satellites, planets, suns, universe, nay whole systems of universe, to be governed by laws, but the smallest insect, we wish to be created at once by special act. ...
... Evolution: A Revolutionary Idea We can allow satellites, planets, suns, universe, nay whole systems of universe, to be governed by laws, but the smallest insect, we wish to be created at once by special act. ...
Chapter 22-25 Packet O` Fun
... A. The widespread use of DDT in the mid-1900s put pressure on insect populations to evolve resistance to DDT. As a result, large populations of insects today are resistant to DDT. Answer: This is a Lamarckian statement. DDT worked only against insects that had no DDTresistance genes. The genes for D ...
... A. The widespread use of DDT in the mid-1900s put pressure on insect populations to evolve resistance to DDT. As a result, large populations of insects today are resistant to DDT. Answer: This is a Lamarckian statement. DDT worked only against insects that had no DDTresistance genes. The genes for D ...
Natural Selection
... • Natural selection will lead to evolution – when individuals with certain characteristics have a greater survival or reproductive rate than other individuals in a population ...
... • Natural selection will lead to evolution – when individuals with certain characteristics have a greater survival or reproductive rate than other individuals in a population ...
CP biology evolution chapter 10 notes
... Darwin was not the only scientist studying evolution during this time. Another scientist named Alfred Wallace independently developed an explanation of how evolution occurs. Wallace’s explanation was very similar to Darwin’s. In the late 1850’s, the idea of Darwin and Wallace were presented to the s ...
... Darwin was not the only scientist studying evolution during this time. Another scientist named Alfred Wallace independently developed an explanation of how evolution occurs. Wallace’s explanation was very similar to Darwin’s. In the late 1850’s, the idea of Darwin and Wallace were presented to the s ...
Evolution
... observable phenomenon that give evidence for evolution? 2. What is factual about evolution and what is theory? What does theory mean in Science vs. a scientific law? 3. Name 3 Individuals who influenced Darwin’s theories and what they theorized? How did their theories influence ...
... observable phenomenon that give evidence for evolution? 2. What is factual about evolution and what is theory? What does theory mean in Science vs. a scientific law? 3. Name 3 Individuals who influenced Darwin’s theories and what they theorized? How did their theories influence ...
Evolution and Natural Selection
... 26. Which criterion is NOT necessarily true of a trait that has evolved through natural selection? a. It is heritable. c. It increases individuals’ lifespans. b. It varies among individuals. d. It influences individuals’ reproductive success. 27. Maria wanted to rid her home of cockroaches. She appl ...
... 26. Which criterion is NOT necessarily true of a trait that has evolved through natural selection? a. It is heritable. c. It increases individuals’ lifespans. b. It varies among individuals. d. It influences individuals’ reproductive success. 27. Maria wanted to rid her home of cockroaches. She appl ...
Topic: Evolution
... • Change in a species over time • Species: group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed with one another to produce offspring • Geologic time scale: calander of Earth’s history • PRECAMBRIAN – first 4 billion years (few fossils) ...
... • Change in a species over time • Species: group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed with one another to produce offspring • Geologic time scale: calander of Earth’s history • PRECAMBRIAN – first 4 billion years (few fossils) ...
01 - Fort Bend ISD
... a. Disease and a limited food supply keep the population smaller. b. The plants and animals that are strongest are the ones that will survive adverse conditions. c. Plants and animals are capable of inheriting characteristics from their parents. d. Species are more likely to adapt if they are subjec ...
... a. Disease and a limited food supply keep the population smaller. b. The plants and animals that are strongest are the ones that will survive adverse conditions. c. Plants and animals are capable of inheriting characteristics from their parents. d. Species are more likely to adapt if they are subjec ...
Evolution WebQuest - Mrs. pickard`s science website
... 8. Click next several times to read about mutations. Now complete the paragraph below regarding gene flow. Gene flow, also called , is any movement of to another. Gene flow includes lots of different kinds of events, such as new destination or people moving to new cities or countries. If those genes ...
... 8. Click next several times to read about mutations. Now complete the paragraph below regarding gene flow. Gene flow, also called , is any movement of to another. Gene flow includes lots of different kinds of events, such as new destination or people moving to new cities or countries. If those genes ...
Document
... Lined paper must be used and writing must be legible. If I have trouble reading your paper, your grade on those question affected will be 0. You are highly encouraged to draft your homework assignments in Word or some other text editor and bring these to class. Please re-read Introduction Darwin’s t ...
... Lined paper must be used and writing must be legible. If I have trouble reading your paper, your grade on those question affected will be 0. You are highly encouraged to draft your homework assignments in Word or some other text editor and bring these to class. Please re-read Introduction Darwin’s t ...
Charles Darwin The Naturalist Honors Biology 2013
... Sloth of South America This species NO longer existed. ...
... Sloth of South America This species NO longer existed. ...
Evolution
... How did Lamarck think organisms changed? Fiddler Crabs: An Example 1. The male crab uses its small front claw to attract mates and ward off predators 2. Because the front claw has been used repeatedly, it becomes larger (acquired). 3. A larger claw, is then passed on to the crab’s offspring. He was ...
... How did Lamarck think organisms changed? Fiddler Crabs: An Example 1. The male crab uses its small front claw to attract mates and ward off predators 2. Because the front claw has been used repeatedly, it becomes larger (acquired). 3. A larger claw, is then passed on to the crab’s offspring. He was ...
1 06.1 The general theory of evolution Definitions and descriptions 1
... 1. Contemporary evolutionists attempt to include all changes of any kind in populations into the meaning of evolution. a. “Evolution may be defined as any net directional change or any cumulative change in the characteristics of organisms or populations over many generations — in other words, descen ...
... 1. Contemporary evolutionists attempt to include all changes of any kind in populations into the meaning of evolution. a. “Evolution may be defined as any net directional change or any cumulative change in the characteristics of organisms or populations over many generations — in other words, descen ...
Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms' observable traits. Genetic changes include mutations, which are caused by damage or replication errors in an organism's DNA. As the genetic variation of a population drifts randomly over generations, natural selection gradually leads traits to become more or less common based on the relative reproductive success of organisms with those traits.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Evolution does not attempt to explain the origin of life (covered instead by abiogenesis), but it does explain how the extremely simple early lifeforms evolved into the complex ecosystem that we see today. Based on the similarities between all present-day organisms, all life on Earth originated through common descent from a last universal ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. All individuals have hereditary material in the form of genes that are received from their parents, then passed on to any offspring. Among offspring there are variations of genes due to the introduction of new genes via random changes called mutations or via reshuffling of existing genes during sexual reproduction. The offspring differs from the parent in minor random ways. If those differences are helpful, the offspring is more likely to survive and reproduce. This means that more offspring in the next generation will have that helpful difference and individuals will not have equal chances of reproductive success. In this way, traits that result in organisms being better adapted to their living conditions become more common in descendant populations. These differences accumulate resulting in changes within the population. This process is responsible for the many diverse life forms in the world.The forces of evolution are most evident when populations become isolated, either through geographic distance or by other mechanisms that prevent genetic exchange. Over time, isolated populations can branch off into new species.The majority of genetic mutations neither assist, change the appearance of, nor bring harm to individuals. Through the process of genetic drift, these mutated genes are neutrally sorted among populations and survive across generations by chance alone. In contrast to genetic drift, natural selection is not a random process because it acts on traits that are necessary for survival and reproduction. Natural selection and random genetic drift are constant and dynamic parts of life and over time this has shaped the branching structure in the tree of life.The modern understanding of evolution began with the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. In addition, Gregor Mendel's work with plants helped to explain the hereditary patterns of genetics. Fossil discoveries in paleontology, advances in population genetics and a global network of scientific research have provided further details into the mechanisms of evolution. Scientists now have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution is the principal scientific theory that biologists use to understand life and is used in many disciplines, including medicine, psychology, conservation biology, anthropology, forensics, agriculture and other social-cultural applications.