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X - seltzermath
X - seltzermath

assignments given so far
assignments given so far

5. Probability Theory and Statistics
5. Probability Theory and Statistics

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... In this paper we propose an algorithm for agnostic, universal classi cation of sequences, when the only underlying assumption is that the sequences can be approximated by some nite order Markov sources. There are two ingredients to our algorithm. The rst is a statistical similarity measure of sour ...
Conditional probability and Markov chains
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Random Processes: Introductory Lectures
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... Given a double, e.g. (Ω, F), probability is just a function P which assigns each event A ∈ F a number P(A) in the real interval [0, 1], i.e. P : F → [0, 1] , such that: 1. The ‘Something Happens’ axiom holds, i.e. P(Ω) = 1 . 2. The ‘Addition Rule’ axiom holds, i.e. for events A and B: A∩B =∅ ...
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Probability Metrics and their Applications 1 INTRODUCTION

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Lecture 16: Expected value, variance, independence

... 1. Let r > 1 be a real number. Consider the random variable X which takes values r with probability p and 1/r with probability 1 − p. Compute the expected value E[X], E[X 2 ] and the variance of X. 2. A very simple model for the price of a stock suggests that in any given day (independently of any o ...
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Chapter 5 - CLSU Open University

... (3) Each trial may result only into two possible outcomes, either a success or a failure. (4) The probability of a success denoted by p is constant from trial to trial. The binomial experiment is similar to sampling or selecting n objects with replacement, wherein the group being sampled consists of ...
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Chapter 1: Sampling, Resampling, and Inference

Conditional Probability and Intersections of Events
Conditional Probability and Intersections of Events

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Probability

Probability is the measure of the likeliness that an event will occur. Probability is quantified as a number between 0 and 1 (where 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty). The higher the probability of an event, the more certain we are that the event will occur. A simple example is the toss of a fair (unbiased) coin. Since the two outcomes are equally probable, the probability of ""heads"" equals the probability of ""tails"", so the probability is 1/2 (or 50%) chance of either ""heads"" or ""tails"".These concepts have been given an axiomatic mathematical formalization in probability theory (see probability axioms), which is used widely in such areas of study as mathematics, statistics, finance, gambling, science (in particular physics), artificial intelligence/machine learning, computer science, game theory, and philosophy to, for example, draw inferences about the expected frequency of events. Probability theory is also used to describe the underlying mechanics and regularities of complex systems.
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