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... Finally, since the sum of all numbers on the dice is never less than 2 and always at most 12, we have F (x) = 0 if x < 2 and F (x) = 1 if x ≥ 12. If one knows the height of the graph of F at all points where jumps occur, then the entire graph of F is easily drawn. It is for this reason that we shal ...
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Chapter 5

< 1 ... 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 ... 412 >

Probability

Probability is the measure of the likeliness that an event will occur. Probability is quantified as a number between 0 and 1 (where 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty). The higher the probability of an event, the more certain we are that the event will occur. A simple example is the toss of a fair (unbiased) coin. Since the two outcomes are equally probable, the probability of ""heads"" equals the probability of ""tails"", so the probability is 1/2 (or 50%) chance of either ""heads"" or ""tails"".These concepts have been given an axiomatic mathematical formalization in probability theory (see probability axioms), which is used widely in such areas of study as mathematics, statistics, finance, gambling, science (in particular physics), artificial intelligence/machine learning, computer science, game theory, and philosophy to, for example, draw inferences about the expected frequency of events. Probability theory is also used to describe the underlying mechanics and regularities of complex systems.
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