The shadow economy: a relevant factor for investment decisions in selected European Union
... information about tax evasion and about the shadow economy as a whole. The difficulties come with the selection of appropriate participants and their willingness to collaborate. According to Enste and Schneider (1998) direct methods are, in theory, reliable and simple, but in practice, less reliable ...
... information about tax evasion and about the shadow economy as a whole. The difficulties come with the selection of appropriate participants and their willingness to collaborate. According to Enste and Schneider (1998) direct methods are, in theory, reliable and simple, but in practice, less reliable ...
No Silver Bullet - The Pew Charitable Trusts
... responsibility and transparency by providing independent and unbiased information to policy makers and the public as they consider the major policy issues facing our nation. Together with outside experts from across the political spectrum, the Initiative will provide new analysis and more accessible ...
... responsibility and transparency by providing independent and unbiased information to policy makers and the public as they consider the major policy issues facing our nation. Together with outside experts from across the political spectrum, the Initiative will provide new analysis and more accessible ...
Should there be a coordinated response to the problem of global
... doing so. The Bank of Japan and the European Central Bank, which have not been intervening, could pledge to sell dollar reserves. The International Monetary Fund would provide advice on how much fiscal adjustment and currency realignment is required.6 The analogy with the 1985 Plaza Agreement is dir ...
... doing so. The Bank of Japan and the European Central Bank, which have not been intervening, could pledge to sell dollar reserves. The International Monetary Fund would provide advice on how much fiscal adjustment and currency realignment is required.6 The analogy with the 1985 Plaza Agreement is dir ...
Britain`s fiscal squeeze: the choices ahead
... 2.1 The Treasury’s assessment in Budget 2009 In assessing how big the fiscal tightening might need to be, we need first to look at the scale of the problem it is designed to address. Put simply: as a result of the crisis the Treasury has increased its estimate of the amount it would need to borrow t ...
... 2.1 The Treasury’s assessment in Budget 2009 In assessing how big the fiscal tightening might need to be, we need first to look at the scale of the problem it is designed to address. Put simply: as a result of the crisis the Treasury has increased its estimate of the amount it would need to borrow t ...
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... three years, US import prices for manufactured goods have not risen correspondingly. For instance, prices of US imports of manufactures from the European Union rose only 11 percent over the period 2000 to 2004, despite a 46 percent appreciation of the euro and a 29 percent appreciation of the Britis ...
... three years, US import prices for manufactured goods have not risen correspondingly. For instance, prices of US imports of manufactures from the European Union rose only 11 percent over the period 2000 to 2004, despite a 46 percent appreciation of the euro and a 29 percent appreciation of the Britis ...
How Much Is That in Dollars?
... – This paper provides an empirical investigation of the determinants of current account deficits for a sample of CEE countries. – The analysis is based on a reduced form approach that highlights the roles of the fundamental macroeconomic determinants of current account deficits. – Within-country and ...
... – This paper provides an empirical investigation of the determinants of current account deficits for a sample of CEE countries. – The analysis is based on a reduced form approach that highlights the roles of the fundamental macroeconomic determinants of current account deficits. – Within-country and ...
European Commission
... expenditure and revenue in a specific year, with a positive balance indicating a surplus and a negative balance indicating a deficit. For the monitoring of Member State budgetary positions, the EU uses general government aggregates. See also structural budget balance, primary budget balance, and pri ...
... expenditure and revenue in a specific year, with a positive balance indicating a surplus and a negative balance indicating a deficit. For the monitoring of Member State budgetary positions, the EU uses general government aggregates. See also structural budget balance, primary budget balance, and pri ...
Report on the economic and budgetary situation
... points. The food prices and services tariffs performed weakly (+0.71% food and +1.79% services). In 2010, the inflation rate is projected to go up to 7.9% compared to the end of year 2009 which is higher by 4.4 percentage points compared to the projection used in building the 2010 budget. The higher ...
... points. The food prices and services tariffs performed weakly (+0.71% food and +1.79% services). In 2010, the inflation rate is projected to go up to 7.9% compared to the end of year 2009 which is higher by 4.4 percentage points compared to the projection used in building the 2010 budget. The higher ...
No Spending - UMKC Summer Debate Institute
... Faucher, in a note on Wednesday. No one is arguing that all is well. Long-term unemployment remains high and lots of the new jobs pay belowaverage wages. Productivity growth is weak, and that’s actually one reason for the strong job growth—companies need to hire more people to get the job done. And ...
... Faucher, in a note on Wednesday. No one is arguing that all is well. Long-term unemployment remains high and lots of the new jobs pay belowaverage wages. Productivity growth is weak, and that’s actually one reason for the strong job growth—companies need to hire more people to get the job done. And ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DEFYING GRAVITY: Takeo Hoshi
... Indeed most of Japanese government debt is held by Japanese residents. Table 2 shows the distribution of JGB ownership by type of investor from 2005 to 2010. Looking at the column for 2010, the largest share of 39% is owned by Japanese commercial banks, including the Japan Post Bank. The insurance c ...
... Indeed most of Japanese government debt is held by Japanese residents. Table 2 shows the distribution of JGB ownership by type of investor from 2005 to 2010. Looking at the column for 2010, the largest share of 39% is owned by Japanese commercial banks, including the Japan Post Bank. The insurance c ...
- UMD Econ
... Wealth Perceptions and Economic Decisions In the 1980s, Argentine residents had to cope with the inconveniences and costs of price instability. One of its consequences—combined with those of the debt overhang and the large budget deficits—was the very scarce supply of financing to the private sector ...
... Wealth Perceptions and Economic Decisions In the 1980s, Argentine residents had to cope with the inconveniences and costs of price instability. One of its consequences—combined with those of the debt overhang and the large budget deficits—was the very scarce supply of financing to the private sector ...
4 Comparison with the Previous Convergence Programme and
... regime. The current inflation target has been valid since January 2006. The target is expressed for annual CPI inflation at a level of 3% with a maximum deviation of one percentage point in each direction. In March 2007, the CNB announced a new inflation target of 2% for annual CPI inflation (with a ...
... regime. The current inflation target has been valid since January 2006. The target is expressed for annual CPI inflation at a level of 3% with a maximum deviation of one percentage point in each direction. In March 2007, the CNB announced a new inflation target of 2% for annual CPI inflation (with a ...
Chairman`s speech - South African Savings Institute
... past five years appear to have had little material effect on consumer savings. Acknowledging this, the Board of SASI and its members, have determined that the next five years ought to be defined by action – thus the grand theme for this year, which is – ...
... past five years appear to have had little material effect on consumer savings. Acknowledging this, the Board of SASI and its members, have determined that the next five years ought to be defined by action – thus the grand theme for this year, which is – ...
Comprehensive Growth Strategy - Australia
... pressure on the budget. The Budget deals with the significant real growth in spending inherited from the former Government. The structural savings the Government has put in place reduce real growth in payments between 2016-17 and 2017-18 from 5.9 per cent at MYEFO to 2.6 per cent. Prior to the 2014- ...
... pressure on the budget. The Budget deals with the significant real growth in spending inherited from the former Government. The structural savings the Government has put in place reduce real growth in payments between 2016-17 and 2017-18 from 5.9 per cent at MYEFO to 2.6 per cent. Prior to the 2014- ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TWO EXAMPLES Joshua Aizenman
... If a bad enough shock reduces future output so much that the country defaults (i.e., if Q < 1), then the country services the eternal debt by paying the default penalty. In the absence of sufficient international reserve holdings to finance second-period public expenditures, the country also needs t ...
... If a bad enough shock reduces future output so much that the country defaults (i.e., if Q < 1), then the country services the eternal debt by paying the default penalty. In the absence of sufficient international reserve holdings to finance second-period public expenditures, the country also needs t ...
Recent Downturn in Emerging Economies and Macroeconomic
... fiscal and monetary policies, which led to a sharp rise in fiscal deficits to near 10 per cent in 2009-10. This appears to have crowded-out private investments and resulted in decline in GDP growth8 . However, there are some areas that are neglected in the process of reforms, which could have result ...
... fiscal and monetary policies, which led to a sharp rise in fiscal deficits to near 10 per cent in 2009-10. This appears to have crowded-out private investments and resulted in decline in GDP growth8 . However, there are some areas that are neglected in the process of reforms, which could have result ...
Economics 104B - Lecture Notes Part III
... include endogenous taxes such that the amount of taxes paid varies with the level of income. In this case, the effect on the consumption function is more complicated. But for now, it’s OK to think of taxes as “lump sum,” so that a tax change just shifts the consumption function up or down. ...
... include endogenous taxes such that the amount of taxes paid varies with the level of income. In this case, the effect on the consumption function is more complicated. But for now, it’s OK to think of taxes as “lump sum,” so that a tax change just shifts the consumption function up or down. ...
Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2006
... cent in 2005, slightly faster than in the previous ...
... cent in 2005, slightly faster than in the previous ...
economic and fiscal outlook
... strong, with receipts up 5.7 per cent in year-on-year terms. The year-on-year performance is a combination of strong PAYE and other income tax receipts and is consistent with the recovering labour market. The only shortfall of significance in the components of income tax is DIRT, where receipts are ...
... strong, with receipts up 5.7 per cent in year-on-year terms. The year-on-year performance is a combination of strong PAYE and other income tax receipts and is consistent with the recovering labour market. The only shortfall of significance in the components of income tax is DIRT, where receipts are ...
How to do it?
... Society demands better quality of life (social welfare, education, culture, environment) ...
... Society demands better quality of life (social welfare, education, culture, environment) ...
Financial Innovations and Macroeconomic Volatility
... Why do we need it? Can’t we write a simpler model? ...
... Why do we need it? Can’t we write a simpler model? ...
BIS Working Papers The future of public debt: prospects and implications No 300
... peacetime. 2 As bad as these fiscal problems may appear, relying solely on these official figures is almost certainly very misleading. Rapidly ageing populations present a number of countries with the prospect of enormous future costs that are not wholly recognised in current budget projections. The ...
... peacetime. 2 As bad as these fiscal problems may appear, relying solely on these official figures is almost certainly very misleading. Rapidly ageing populations present a number of countries with the prospect of enormous future costs that are not wholly recognised in current budget projections. The ...
2nd Pillars under Attack: Lessons from the Financial Crisis
... ◦ Estonia – redirected state contributions from second pillar to first in 2009 and 2010, but returned to 2% state second pillar contribution in 2011 and to the original 4% in 2012, with a catch-up period of 6% state contributions scheduled for 2014-17 ◦ Romania – postponed planned increase in second ...
... ◦ Estonia – redirected state contributions from second pillar to first in 2009 and 2010, but returned to 2% state second pillar contribution in 2011 and to the original 4% in 2012, with a catch-up period of 6% state contributions scheduled for 2014-17 ◦ Romania – postponed planned increase in second ...
Market for Loanable Funds
... • Government borrowing to finance its budget deficit reduces the supply of loanable funds available to finance investment by households and firms. • This fall in investment is referred to as crowding out. – The deficit borrowing crowds out private borrowers who are trying to finance investments. ...
... • Government borrowing to finance its budget deficit reduces the supply of loanable funds available to finance investment by households and firms. • This fall in investment is referred to as crowding out. – The deficit borrowing crowds out private borrowers who are trying to finance investments. ...
Chapter 2: THE UK ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
... estimates of the output gap and its impact on the public finances are surrounded by uncertainty and because the repatriation of the proceeds from the Asset Purchase Facility (APF) to the exchequer and the transfer of the Royal Mail pension scheme into the public sector have caused distortions to the ...
... estimates of the output gap and its impact on the public finances are surrounded by uncertainty and because the repatriation of the proceeds from the Asset Purchase Facility (APF) to the exchequer and the transfer of the Royal Mail pension scheme into the public sector have caused distortions to the ...