• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

... atoms being the same (oxygen). Since each "ball" represents an individual atom, the three models on the left can be eliminated since they don't contain the correct number of atoms. Keeping in mind that balls of the same color represent the same element, only the model on the far right contains two e ...
2 - TestBankTop
2 - TestBankTop

... atoms being the same (oxygen). Since each "ball" represents an individual atom, the three models on the left can be eliminated since they don't contain the correct number of atoms. Keeping in mind that balls of the same color represent the same element, only the model on the far right contains two e ...
Electron attachment to molecular clusters by collisional charge transfer
Electron attachment to molecular clusters by collisional charge transfer

... with fast alkali atom beams produced by charge exchange or sputtering to determine electron affinities for many molecules." Here we adapt this method, with two essential amendments, to produce negative cluster ions and to measure the corresponding electron affinities as a function of cluster size. O ...
Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules and Ions

... 2. All atoms of a given element are identical to one another in mass and other properties, but the atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements. 3. Atoms of an element are not changed into atoms of a different element by chemical reactions; atoms are neither created nor de ...
b - PianetaChimica
b - PianetaChimica

... per question. If you make a mistake make sure that your incorrect answer is completely erased. Please note the following: • It is recommended that you first record your answer on this question paper by circling ONE of the letters A, B, C, D or E. • Then transfer these answers on to the computer shee ...
What`s in a Name? - Department of Chemistry | Washington
What`s in a Name? - Department of Chemistry | Washington

... acid can be viewed as a molecule with one or more protons (H+) bonded to an anion. Note that the molecule must not carry a charge. For example, HSO3− is not an acid molecule; it is an anion because it carries a −1 charge. Even though it shows acidic properties, it is named like a polyatomic anion. A ...
2013 Avogadro Exam
2013 Avogadro Exam

... The second ionization energy of an atom is always greater than the first ionization energy. ...
IGCSE Revision Question Booklet Mark Scheme
IGCSE Revision Question Booklet Mark Scheme

... 14.(a) ideas that  hydrogen is in a group / is with the halogens  only seven groups / no group O / no noble gases / fewer elements  halogens are in the first group / Group 1  other elements are in one group higher (or example)  modern table only has two elements in the top row / period  modern ...
2.ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND IONS
2.ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND IONS

... they don't contain the correct number of atoms. Keeping in mind that balls of the same color represent the same element, only the model on the far right contains two elements with the correct ratio of atoms, 1:2; therefore, it must be CO2. ...
chemistry 2.1
chemistry 2.1

... • how much is involved in a chemical reaction, for one or more chemicals. Significant figures indicate the level of accuracy of the data and/or apparatus. In calculations, final answers typically include three significant figures, and no rounding should occur until the final answer. Even small amoun ...
18-3-reading - WordPress.com
18-3-reading - WordPress.com

... aluminum ions and oxygen ions. But, how many of each one? From the periodic table, you can get the information about aluminum and oxygen that you need to write the formula. By its place on the periodic table, you can tell that aluminum has an oxidation number of 3. That means the aluminum ion has a ...
Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

... same number of electrons as the nearest noble gas.  Cations are positive and are formed by elements on the left side of the periodic chart.  Anions are negative and are formed by elements on the right Atoms, Molecules, side of the periodic chart. and Ions ...
1. (a) Write the electronic structure of a manganese atom and a Mn
1. (a) Write the electronic structure of a manganese atom and a Mn

... potassium manganate(VII) solution. In the reaction iron(II) ions are oxidised to iron(III) ions. If a solution contains both iron(II) and iron(III) ions, the concentration of each ion can be found by: • titrating samples of the original solution with standard potassium manganate(VII) solution • reac ...
physical setting chemistry
physical setting chemistry

... (1) the same molecular structures and the same properties (2) the same molecular structures and different properties (3) different molecular structures and the same properties (4) different molecular structures and different properties ...
COMPLEX IONS AND AMPHOTERISM
COMPLEX IONS AND AMPHOTERISM

... a transition metal ion. However, complexes having other than four or six ligands are possible, such as the silver-ammonia complex mentioned above. The presence of a transition metal in a complex often leads to highly colored complexes. Recall the deep blue copper(II)-ammonia complex that you synthes ...
Write this into your supplemental packet opposite page
Write this into your supplemental packet opposite page

... 5. Predict the transition metal cation charge for iron, Fe, in the ionic salt Fe 2 (SO4 )3 , and place it in the cation box below. 6. Give a name for Fe 2 (SO4 )3 . Since transition metals can variable charge, you must some how indicate metal cation charge in its name. ...
N Goalby chemrevise.org 1 2.5 Transition Metals Substitution
N Goalby chemrevise.org 1 2.5 Transition Metals Substitution

... The copper complex ion has changed from having unidentate ligands to a multidentate ligand. In this reaction there is an increase in the entropy because there are more moles of products than reactants (from 2 to 7), creating more disorder. The enthalpy change is small as there are similar numbers of ...
uplift luna ap chemistry
uplift luna ap chemistry

...  If the chemical formula for the compound starts with H, it is an acid. Use the Naming Acids rules.  If the chemical formula for the compound starts with C and contains quite a few H’s and perhaps some O’s, it is organic. Use the Naming Organic Compounds rules.  If the chemical formula for the co ...
SENSORS
SENSORS

... instruments, radiation monitoring and protection and medical applications. Detectors form the core of research in basic and applied nuclear physics. It may not be an exaggeration to state that what is 'discoverable' at frontier fields of science is often limited by the then available detector techno ...
chemistry
chemistry

... react with some iron atoms in the steel frame, producing copper atoms that show the pattern of the number. The ionic equation below represents this reaction. Fe(s)  Cu2(aq) → Fe2(aq)  Cu(s) Another method is to apply hydrochloric acid to the number area. The acid reacts with the iron, producing ...
Document
Document

... Atoms can be represented as shown in this example: Mass number 23 Na Atomic number 11 The relative masses of protons, neutrons and electrons are: Name of particle Mass Proton 1 Neutron 1 Electron Very small The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is called its mass number. Atoms of the s ...
Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry Hybrid Orbitals Hybridization
Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry Hybrid Orbitals Hybridization

... valence bond theory failed to correctly predict them. It is experimentally observed that bond angles in organic compounds are close to 109o, 120o, or 180o. According to Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory, electron pairs repel each other and the bonds and lone pairs around a central ...
(pdf)
(pdf)

... of energy gain for the suprathermal particles through mutual collisions is neglected, but events such as a cold target particle becoming suprathermal after a collision are taken into account. Considering the low energies that are dealt with, inelastic processes are neglected, and the neutral–neutral ...
Dr. Atiya Abbasi Lecture 04_ IEC_ 16 Jan.ppt
Dr. Atiya Abbasi Lecture 04_ IEC_ 16 Jan.ppt

... and exhibit different degrees of interaction with the matrix according to differences in the overall charge, charge density and surface charge distribution. The charged groups within a molecule that contribute to the net surface charge possess different pKa values depending on their structure and ch ...
Predicting Equations Reference #2
Predicting Equations Reference #2

... A part of the Advanced Placement Chemistry Examination on which the performance of candidates has been disappointing through the years has been the question that asks candidates to provide formulas for the names of reactants and then to write formulas for the products obtained as each indicated reac ...
< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 >

Elastic recoil detection

Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA), also referred to as forward recoil scattering (or, contextually, spectrometry), is an Ion Beam Analysis technique in materials science to obtain elemental concentration depth profiles in thin films. This technique is known by several different names. These names are listed below. In the technique of ERDA, an energetic ion beam is directed at a sample to be characterized and (as in Rutherford backscattering) there is an elastic nuclear interaction between the ions of beam and the atoms of the target sample. Such interactions are commonly of Coulomb nature. Depending on the kinetics of the ions, cross section area, and the loss of energy of the ions in the matter, Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis helps determine the quantification of the elemental analysis. It also provides information about the depth profile of the sample.The incident energetic ions can have a wide range of energy from 2 MeV to 200 MeV. The energy of the beam depends on the sample to be studied. The energy of the beam should be enough to kick out (“recoil”) the atoms of the sample. Thus, ERD usually employs appropriate source and detectors to detect recoiled atoms.However, such experimental setup is expensive and along with a source requirement of high energy ions appears to make this technique relatively less commonly used for materials characterization. Moreover, the angle of incidence that an ion beam makes with the sample must also be taken into account for correct analysis of the sample. This is because, depending on this angle, the recoiled atoms will be collected. Although it is not very clear, the assumption for why this technique is not very well known would be due to the fact that it is hard to have a perfect combination of the source, the angle of incidence, and the detector to have the best characterization of the sample. Such problem would make the technique very time consuming and tedious.This article provides information about ERDA that has been around for a long time, since the mid-1970s, still not very well known. The article provides detailed information about the High ion Incident ERDA. However, Low ion Incident ERDA is still not neglected. The comparative analysis of overall ERDA with other techniques such as TEM, AFM, XRR, NR, VASE, XPS, and DSIMS is also mentioned. The article briefly touches upon the history of ERDA but the main focus is on the technique itself. Comprehensive information on the instrumentation as well as its applications in elemental characterization and depth profile are provided.ERDA and RBS have similar theory but minor differences in the set-up of the experiment. In case of RBS, the detector is placed in the back of the sample whereas in ERDA, the detector is placed in the front. This difference in the set-up is shown in figure 1 on the right.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report