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Innovation and productivity growth in the EU services sector
Innovation and productivity growth in the EU services sector

... today, European countries pride themselves on their manufacturing heritage and retain a global technological lead in many industries. But when we look more closely at economic growth in Europe, we see that manufacturing has long taken the back seat to services industries, in terms of both output and ...
securities and exchange commission
securities and exchange commission

... ownership in the land to facilitate the future sale of the land to a third party. The proceeds from a future sale of the land were required to be used to settle the note receivable. During the first quarter of 2013, an agreement was entered into with a third party to sell the land for $3.0 million, ...
Systemic Financial-Service Institutions and Monopoly Power
Systemic Financial-Service Institutions and Monopoly Power

... Wall Street's influence in Washington is to blame for the 2008 financial crisis and criticizing the government's proposed solutions as insufficient to prevent a future financial crisis); RICHARD A. POSNER, A FAILURE OF CAPITALISM xii-xiii (2009) [hereinafter POSNER, A FAILURE OF CAPITALISM] (posing ...
Chapter 2
Chapter 2

... 1. Ratios must be considered together; a single ratio by itself means relatively little. 2. Financial statements that are being compared should be dated at the same point in time. 3. Use audited financial statements when possible. 4. The financial data being compared should have been developed in th ...
The Great Wall of Debt: Corruption, Real Estate, and Chinese Local
The Great Wall of Debt: Corruption, Real Estate, and Chinese Local

... Chengtou bonds is that Chengtou bond issuance mostly requires collateral, which often involves the land-use rights. In contrast, the municipal debt does not have to be backed by physical collateral. Chengtou bonds are officially issued by local government financing vehicles (LGFVs), through which mu ...
control premiums and the eeeectiveness oe corporate governance
control premiums and the eeeectiveness oe corporate governance

united states securities and exchange commission
united states securities and exchange commission

... the cyclical nature of the retail business requires us to carry a significant amount of inventory, especially prior to peak selling seasons. As a result, we typically purchase merchandise from our suppliers well in advance of the applicable selling season, and sometimes before fashion trends are ide ...
Davis E P and Salo S
Davis E P and Salo S

... high, perhaps also with extensive cross-subsidies, cost minimisation cannot be assumed to hold, and the concept of excess capacity becomes more complex. Two firms in the same industry and with the same technology may be operating at the same scale, but one may have higher costs owing to socalled X-i ...
Understanding Short-termism: the Role of Corporate Governance.
Understanding Short-termism: the Role of Corporate Governance.

... have been hindered by a number of conceptual, methodological, and empirical barriers. This report will review the existing literature on short-termism, but also seek to reinterpret these debates within the context of corporate governance, where managers, shareholders and other stakeholders may have ...
Rising Rates-What You Need to Know
Rising Rates-What You Need to Know

... This chart is for illustrative purposes only and does not reflect performance of any Franklin Templeton fund. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Fund performance can be obtained at franklintempleton.com. Diversification does not guarantee a profit or protect against a loss. It’s imp ...
Cross-sectional volatility and return dispersion
Cross-sectional volatility and return dispersion

... four quarters ending in June 2000, the range grew to 3097 pps. Being a good (or lucky) active manager in 2000 paid off handsomely; being bad (or unlucky) really hurt. The source of much of this rising dispersion among active managers is no doubt rising crosssectional volatility. The volatility pheno ...
Macroeconomics and Governance
Macroeconomics and Governance

FEMIP - The Potential of Mesofinance for Job Creation in
FEMIP - The Potential of Mesofinance for Job Creation in

... disproportionate share of the labour force. With an average “Ease of Doing Business ranking”10 of 98.2, the MENA region finds itself in mid-range internationally11. This has not changed much since the Arab spring; to the contrary, due to the upheaval reforms long overdue could not yet be tackled. Th ...
Lally - The dividend growth model
Lally - The dividend growth model

Basel Committee guidance on accounting for IFRS 9 expected credit
Basel Committee guidance on accounting for IFRS 9 expected credit

... information because to do so would take ‘undue cost and effort’. The Guidance emphasises that delinquency data, which is backward looking, will seldom on its own be appropriate in the implementation of IFRS 9’s impairment requirements by banks. PwC observation: The extent to which banks already have ...
Chapter 10
Chapter 10

Changing the savings culture.ALP Team3
Changing the savings culture.ALP Team3

going further to go farther
going further to go farther

... Corporate class versions of these funds are also available. Performance for the class version and a trust version of a fund may differ due to differences in inception dates, and there is no guarantee that the funds will deliver similar returns. Performance as at January 31, 2016. Inception date for ...
Corporate  Profits:  Reward,  Incentive  and ... Standard of Living Economics Group Special Commentary
Corporate Profits: Reward, Incentive and ... Standard of Living Economics Group Special Commentary

... capital and fixed resources, so the fixed cost per unit of output is low and thereby the firm is making efficient use of its land, equipment and labor (Figure 2). However, when the economy is weak, per-unit fixed costs are higher due to more under- or unutilized physical capital. In addition, there ...
Assumptions and Schedules - Government of Nova Scotia
Assumptions and Schedules - Government of Nova Scotia

... Positive prior-year adjustments of $115.4 million were a significant boost to revenue, as were Corporate Income Taxes, which were up by $49.2 million or 11.2 per cent from the 2014–2015 Budget Estimates. This is due to increases in the levels of national corporate taxable income based upon federal e ...
- Zodiac Aerospace
- Zodiac Aerospace

News Release
News Release

... Operating profit increased 20% to £2,665 million (FY14: £2,213 million). The contribution from Friends Life (£554 million) and underlying growth (£103 million) more than offset headwinds from foreign exchange movements (£117 million) and a reduction in one-off items. Operating EPS2,3 rose 2% to 49.2 ...
Economics Markets Strategy
Economics Markets Strategy

Interest Rate Channel in Indonesia during Inflation - UvA-DARE
Interest Rate Channel in Indonesia during Inflation - UvA-DARE

... interest rate pass-through, i.e. the pass-through of money market interest rates to retail interest rates. Retail interest rates consist of deposit rates and lending rates. This paper aims at answering the research question of “Does the pass-through to deposit and lending rates remain strong after t ...
Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere
Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere

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Financialization



Financialization is a term sometimes used in discussions of the financial capitalism that has developed over the decades between 1980 and 2010, in which financial leverage tended to override capital (equity), and financial markets tended to dominate over the traditional industrial economy and agricultural economics.Financialization describes an economic system or process that attempts to reduce all value that is exchanged (whether tangible or intangible, future or present promises, etc.) into a financial instrument. The intent of financialization is to be able to reduce any work product or service to an exchangeable financial instrument, like currency, and thus make it easier for people to trade these financial instruments.Workers, through a financial instrument such as a mortgage, may trade their promise of future work or wages for a home. The financialization of risk sharing is what makes possible all insurance. The financialization of a government's promises (e.g., US government bonds) is what makes possible all government deficit spending. Financialization also makes economic rents possible.
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