Plague as a Biological Weapon
... had major political, cultural, and religious ramifications. The third pandemic began in China in 1855, spread to all inhabited continents, and ultimately killed more than 12 million people in India and China alone.4 Small outbreaks of plague continue to occur throughout the world.4,5 Advances in liv ...
... had major political, cultural, and religious ramifications. The third pandemic began in China in 1855, spread to all inhabited continents, and ultimately killed more than 12 million people in India and China alone.4 Small outbreaks of plague continue to occur throughout the world.4,5 Advances in liv ...
Black Death
... It was estimated that the official figures reported to WHO represently only 2% of the true incidence. Poxviruses infect lymphocytes via a close relative to CCR5, so cross-resistance could have occurred. ...
... It was estimated that the official figures reported to WHO represently only 2% of the true incidence. Poxviruses infect lymphocytes via a close relative to CCR5, so cross-resistance could have occurred. ...
Bubonic plague: a metapopulation model of a zoonosis
... 1992; Scott et al. 1996). However, bubonic plague is far from being con¢ned to history; the pandemic in the early 1900s killed many millions (Commission for the Investigation of Plague in India 1906; Hirst 1938; Sharif 1951; Curson & McCracken 1990; Risse 1992) and even today the World Health Organi ...
... 1992; Scott et al. 1996). However, bubonic plague is far from being con¢ned to history; the pandemic in the early 1900s killed many millions (Commission for the Investigation of Plague in India 1906; Hirst 1938; Sharif 1951; Curson & McCracken 1990; Risse 1992) and even today the World Health Organi ...
A History of the Human Plague in Iran
... Middle East and Mediterranean regions with limited outbreaks in Europe.5 This plague caused substantial depopulation and according to William H. McNeill in ‘Plagues and Peoples’ (New York, 1976), around 25 million people died. ii) The second bubonic type pandemic began in India, China or the steppes ...
... Middle East and Mediterranean regions with limited outbreaks in Europe.5 This plague caused substantial depopulation and according to William H. McNeill in ‘Plagues and Peoples’ (New York, 1976), around 25 million people died. ii) The second bubonic type pandemic began in India, China or the steppes ...
Agents of Bioterrorism
... Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax) Yersinia pestis (Plague) Francisella tularensis (Tularemia) Botulinum toxin (Botulism) Filoviruses and Arenaviruses (Viral hemorrhagic fevers) ALL suspected or confirmed cases should be reported to health authorities immediately ...
... Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax) Yersinia pestis (Plague) Francisella tularensis (Tularemia) Botulinum toxin (Botulism) Filoviruses and Arenaviruses (Viral hemorrhagic fevers) ALL suspected or confirmed cases should be reported to health authorities immediately ...
Population Biology of Infectious Diseases
... Application: the spread of Black Death (plague pandemic) Time: mid-14th century (1347-1350) Place: Europe Disease: bubonic plague, caused by Bacillus pestis and transmitted by fleas, mianly from black rats, to man. Spread: introduced to Italy in about Dec. 1347, brought there by ship from the East ...
... Application: the spread of Black Death (plague pandemic) Time: mid-14th century (1347-1350) Place: Europe Disease: bubonic plague, caused by Bacillus pestis and transmitted by fleas, mianly from black rats, to man. Spread: introduced to Italy in about Dec. 1347, brought there by ship from the East ...
What is plague? - The University of Sydney
... How does Y. pestis survive? Y. pestis kills the great majority of infected rats and almost all of its vector fleas, yet has managed to survive and cause periodic pandemics for at least 1500 years. What is its secret? Although plague causes many deaths when first introduced into a rodent colony, surv ...
... How does Y. pestis survive? Y. pestis kills the great majority of infected rats and almost all of its vector fleas, yet has managed to survive and cause periodic pandemics for at least 1500 years. What is its secret? Although plague causes many deaths when first introduced into a rodent colony, surv ...
File - Lincoln Prep
... features are a black mask across the face and brownish-black markings on the feet and the tip of the tail. The diet of this species is extremely specialized: ferrets feed almost exclusively on black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). And that’s where they have run into trouble. In fact, dur ...
... features are a black mask across the face and brownish-black markings on the feet and the tip of the tail. The diet of this species is extremely specialized: ferrets feed almost exclusively on black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). And that’s where they have run into trouble. In fact, dur ...
1PandemicsHistory
... According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a pandemic can start when three conditions have been met: emergence of a disease new to a population; ...
... According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a pandemic can start when three conditions have been met: emergence of a disease new to a population; ...
Disease Transmission Methods - Pandem-Sim
... disease—a disease or disorder that produces specific symptoms. droplet nuclei—dried droplets of infectious agents that are inhaled and exhaled and remain suspended in air for long periods of time; can be blown over distances. droplet spread—the direct transmission of an infectious agent through ...
... disease—a disease or disorder that produces specific symptoms. droplet nuclei—dried droplets of infectious agents that are inhaled and exhaled and remain suspended in air for long periods of time; can be blown over distances. droplet spread—the direct transmission of an infectious agent through ...
Biological Threats - Georgia Poison Center
... • The most likely presentation of anthrax in a BT attack is inhalational disease; cutaneous disease is also possible • Early in the course of illness, inhalational anthrax is not easily distinguished from an influenza-like illness due to other causes • Antibiotic prophylaxis can be used to prevent d ...
... • The most likely presentation of anthrax in a BT attack is inhalational disease; cutaneous disease is also possible • Early in the course of illness, inhalational anthrax is not easily distinguished from an influenza-like illness due to other causes • Antibiotic prophylaxis can be used to prevent d ...
Document
... • Viruses are little more than a strand of DNA or RNA enclosed in a protein shell (capsid). • Viruses vary in size and shape, but they are about 1,000 times smaller than bacteria. Most are too small to be seen by a light microscope. • Viruses are completely parasitic. It is questionable whether they ...
... • Viruses are little more than a strand of DNA or RNA enclosed in a protein shell (capsid). • Viruses vary in size and shape, but they are about 1,000 times smaller than bacteria. Most are too small to be seen by a light microscope. • Viruses are completely parasitic. It is questionable whether they ...
History of infectious diseases development in the Old
... 40-es of the 14th century in the Northern China and Mongolia and then spreaded throughout Asia, Europe and Africa. In Asia, then, not counting China, killed more than 20 million people 2, 6, 7. Southeast Asia was an endemic area for the development of plague. Bad living conditions in the Asian regio ...
... 40-es of the 14th century in the Northern China and Mongolia and then spreaded throughout Asia, Europe and Africa. In Asia, then, not counting China, killed more than 20 million people 2, 6, 7. Southeast Asia was an endemic area for the development of plague. Bad living conditions in the Asian regio ...
Frequency-dependent selection
... • Knock out mice, esp. for cytokines • Tells you what happens when protein function lost • Is this representative of natural variation? ...
... • Knock out mice, esp. for cytokines • Tells you what happens when protein function lost • Is this representative of natural variation? ...
pdp plague facts - Prairie Dog Pals
... the west by settlers near the turn of the century and, “...we gave it to the prairie dogs.”1 It was first discovered in New Mexico in 19382. This non-native disease is spread by fleas and is carried into prairie dog towns by other animals such as mice, coyotes, and domestic dogs and cats. All mammal ...
... the west by settlers near the turn of the century and, “...we gave it to the prairie dogs.”1 It was first discovered in New Mexico in 19382. This non-native disease is spread by fleas and is carried into prairie dog towns by other animals such as mice, coyotes, and domestic dogs and cats. All mammal ...
doc - VCU Secrets of the Sequence
... Biodefense effort. He is trying to find a way to stop these pathogens. He doesn’t think that vaccines will work because there are too many varieties that are also very resistant to antibiotics. He is studying non-specific immunity to help the body develop the ability to fight invading pathogens by i ...
... Biodefense effort. He is trying to find a way to stop these pathogens. He doesn’t think that vaccines will work because there are too many varieties that are also very resistant to antibiotics. He is studying non-specific immunity to help the body develop the ability to fight invading pathogens by i ...
Classroom Tested Lesson - VCU Secrets of the Sequence
... Biodefense effort. He is trying to find a way to stop these pathogens. He doesn’t think that vaccines will work because there are too many varieties that are also very resistant to antibiotics. He is studying non-specific immunity to help the body develop the ability to fight invading pathogens by i ...
... Biodefense effort. He is trying to find a way to stop these pathogens. He doesn’t think that vaccines will work because there are too many varieties that are also very resistant to antibiotics. He is studying non-specific immunity to help the body develop the ability to fight invading pathogens by i ...
Reservoir
... anaerobic rod, grows in necrotic tissue Treatment includes surgical removal of necrotic tissue and/or use of hyperbaric chamber ...
... anaerobic rod, grows in necrotic tissue Treatment includes surgical removal of necrotic tissue and/or use of hyperbaric chamber ...
Black Death Spring 2017 syllabus - Amigos de la Historia Veterinaria
... know so little about it. For example, while its demographic impact in western Europe and parts of the Middle East and North Africa is well known, we still know virtually nothing about its impact in Central Eurasia (where the microorganism, Yersinia pestis, evolved around 20,000 or more years ago) or ...
... know so little about it. For example, while its demographic impact in western Europe and parts of the Middle East and North Africa is well known, we still know virtually nothing about its impact in Central Eurasia (where the microorganism, Yersinia pestis, evolved around 20,000 or more years ago) or ...
Lectures 12 & 13
... 1st 542AD; 100million dead in 60 years; from N.Africa 2nd 14th century; Black Death; 25million dead in Europe alone (>1/4 of entire population); from central Asia; disease became endemic in urban rat population and smaller epidemics occurred through 17th century 3rd ended in 1990s; Burma to Ch ...
... 1st 542AD; 100million dead in 60 years; from N.Africa 2nd 14th century; Black Death; 25million dead in Europe alone (>1/4 of entire population); from central Asia; disease became endemic in urban rat population and smaller epidemics occurred through 17th century 3rd ended in 1990s; Burma to Ch ...
The Gram Negative Bacilli
... •Organisms in this group form one of the largest and well defined groups amongst Gram (-) •non-photosynthetic bacteria. •All have small, rod shaped cells, either straight or curved, not more than 1.5 μm in width. •Facultative aerobes fermenting sugars into a variety of end products. • Produce acid f ...
... •Organisms in this group form one of the largest and well defined groups amongst Gram (-) •non-photosynthetic bacteria. •All have small, rod shaped cells, either straight or curved, not more than 1.5 μm in width. •Facultative aerobes fermenting sugars into a variety of end products. • Produce acid f ...
Bacterial Infection and Immunity
... Adherence(adhesion, attachment): the process by which bacteria stick to the surfaces of host cells. Once bacteria have entered the body, adherence is a major initial step in the infection process. The terms adherence, adhesion, and attachment are often used interchangeably. ...
... Adherence(adhesion, attachment): the process by which bacteria stick to the surfaces of host cells. Once bacteria have entered the body, adherence is a major initial step in the infection process. The terms adherence, adhesion, and attachment are often used interchangeably. ...
Must be present!
... the AMA requires that faculty disclose any information relating to a conflict of interest or potential conflict of interest prior to the start of an educational activity. – The teaching faculty for the BDLS course offered today have no relationships / affiliations relating to a possible conflict of ...
... the AMA requires that faculty disclose any information relating to a conflict of interest or potential conflict of interest prior to the start of an educational activity. – The teaching faculty for the BDLS course offered today have no relationships / affiliations relating to a possible conflict of ...
Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped coccobacillus, a facultative anaerobic bacterium that can infect humans and animals. It causes the deadly disease named plague.Human Y. pestis infection takes three main forms: pneumonic, septicemic, and bubonic plagues. All three forms were responsible for a number of high-mortality epidemics throughout human history, including: the sixth century's Plague of Justinian; the Black Death, which accounted for the death of at least one-third of the European population between 1347 and 1353; and the 19th century's Third Pandemic. These plagues probably originated in China and were transmitted west via trade routes.Y. pestis was discovered in 1894 by Alexandre Yersin, a Swiss/French physician and bacteriologist from the Pasteur Institute, during an epidemic of plague in Hong Kong. Yersin was a member of the Pasteur school of thought. Kitasato Shibasaburō, a German-trained Japanese bacteriologist who practiced Koch's methodology, was also engaged at the time in finding the causative agent of plague. However, Yersin actually linked plague with Y. pestis. Originally named Pasteurella pestis, the organism was renamed in 1967.Every year, thousands of cases of plague are still reported to the World Health Organization, although, with proper treatment, the prognosis for victims is now much better. A five- to six-fold increase in cases occurred in Asia during the time of the Vietnam war, possibly due to the disruption of ecosystems and closer proximity between people and animals. Plague also has a detrimental effect on nonhuman mammals. In the United States, animals such as the black-tailed prairie dog and the endangered black-footed ferret are under threat from the disease.