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Scalar Aggregation in FD-Inconsistent Databases
Scalar Aggregation in FD-Inconsistent Databases

... Definition 9. Given a class of databases D, a class of queries L and a class of integrity constraints, the data complexity of computing consistent query answers is defined to be the complexity of (deciding the membership of ) the sets DF,φ = {(D, t̄) : D |=F φ[t̄]} for a fixed φ ∈ L and a fixed fini ...
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...  Many persistence layers and application servers have an N+1 reads problem  Causes N subsequent queries to fetch related data when a collection is queried for  A side effect of the impedance mismatch and poor mapping and querying support in persistence layers ...
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< 1 ... 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 ... 150 >

Serializability

In concurrency control of databases, transaction processing (transaction management), and various transactional applications (e.g., transactional memory and software transactional memory), both centralized and distributed, a transaction schedule is serializable if its outcome (e.g., the resulting database state) is equal to the outcome of its transactions executed serially, i.e., sequentially without overlapping in time. Transactions are normally executed concurrently (they overlap), since this is the most efficient way. Serializability is the major correctness criterion for concurrent transactions' executions. It is considered the highest level of isolation between transactions, and plays an essential role in concurrency control. As such it is supported in all general purpose database systems. Strong strict two-phase locking (SS2PL) is a popular serializability mechanism utilized in most of the database systems (in various variants) since their early days in the 1970s.Serializability theory provides the formal framework to reason about and analyze serializability and its techniques. Though it is mathematical in nature, its fundamentals are informally (without mathematics notation) introduced below.
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