Conditioning Implicit and Explicit Brand Attitudes Using Celebrity
... implicit/explicit attitude change but consider Pavlovian conditioning as propositional and more clearly relevant to explicit attitudes. Past research has disagreed about whether Pavlovian conditioning is propositional (Holyoak, Koh, and Nisbett 1989; Stuart, Shimp, and Engle 1987). The CS and US ord ...
... implicit/explicit attitude change but consider Pavlovian conditioning as propositional and more clearly relevant to explicit attitudes. Past research has disagreed about whether Pavlovian conditioning is propositional (Holyoak, Koh, and Nisbett 1989; Stuart, Shimp, and Engle 1987). The CS and US ord ...
- James Tartaglia
... who hold that beliefs are justified holistically by societal agreement (Rorty 1999: xvixvii). The reason that anyone who denies that beliefs can be grounded upon something more solid than ongoing conversation is charged with relativism, according to Rorty, is that foundationalists assume that if our ...
... who hold that beliefs are justified holistically by societal agreement (Rorty 1999: xvixvii). The reason that anyone who denies that beliefs can be grounded upon something more solid than ongoing conversation is charged with relativism, according to Rorty, is that foundationalists assume that if our ...
PDF
... And research on learning has shown that direct experience can produce specific beliefs, such as ‘if I touch the stove, it will hurt’. These categories of research should not be considered mutually exclusive domains — for example, both ‘conformity’ and ‘learning’ characterize the adoption of behaviou ...
... And research on learning has shown that direct experience can produce specific beliefs, such as ‘if I touch the stove, it will hurt’. These categories of research should not be considered mutually exclusive domains — for example, both ‘conformity’ and ‘learning’ characterize the adoption of behaviou ...
Willful Ignorance and Self-Deception
... The issue has importance for a number of reasons. First, the task of distinguishing selfdeception from a kindred phenomenon such as willful ignorance can only help improve our understanding of each. Even if we already feel that the two phenomena are distinct, the exercise is of value in clarifying t ...
... The issue has importance for a number of reasons. First, the task of distinguishing selfdeception from a kindred phenomenon such as willful ignorance can only help improve our understanding of each. Even if we already feel that the two phenomena are distinct, the exercise is of value in clarifying t ...
Taking reincarnation seriously
... reincarnation from one of mere similarity of character traits, Hick raises the question whether the doctrine of reincarnation is appositely thought of as ‘a factual assertion’ at all. 27 I shall come to his considerations on that matter in section II below. Here, however, it is important to register ...
... reincarnation from one of mere similarity of character traits, Hick raises the question whether the doctrine of reincarnation is appositely thought of as ‘a factual assertion’ at all. 27 I shall come to his considerations on that matter in section II below. Here, however, it is important to register ...
Rhodes et al. Developmental Science
... their in-groups based on even trivial and arbitrary distinctions (e.g., randomly assigned shirt colors; Dunham, Baron & Carey, 2011; Patterson & Bigler, 2006). Yet, not all in-group preferences imply social prejudice or lead to discriminatory behaviors. Much of the time, children show increased posi ...
... their in-groups based on even trivial and arbitrary distinctions (e.g., randomly assigned shirt colors; Dunham, Baron & Carey, 2011; Patterson & Bigler, 2006). Yet, not all in-group preferences imply social prejudice or lead to discriminatory behaviors. Much of the time, children show increased posi ...
Essentialism and Inter-group Relations 1 Running head
... their in-groups based on even trivial and arbitrary distinctions (e.g., randomly assigned shirt colors; Dunham, Baron & Carey, 2011; Patterson & Bigler, 2006). Yet, not all in-group preferences imply social prejudice or lead to discriminatory behaviors. Much of the time, children show increased posi ...
... their in-groups based on even trivial and arbitrary distinctions (e.g., randomly assigned shirt colors; Dunham, Baron & Carey, 2011; Patterson & Bigler, 2006). Yet, not all in-group preferences imply social prejudice or lead to discriminatory behaviors. Much of the time, children show increased posi ...
Why implicit attitudes are (probably) not beliefs
... toward elderly drivers. These researchers seem to hypothesize that implicit attitudes are sensitive to certain linguistic tokens (“Arabs”, “bad drivers”), but insensitive to the logical form of thoughts as a whole, and, specifically, insensitive to the logical constituents of the content (e.g., the ...
... toward elderly drivers. These researchers seem to hypothesize that implicit attitudes are sensitive to certain linguistic tokens (“Arabs”, “bad drivers”), but insensitive to the logical form of thoughts as a whole, and, specifically, insensitive to the logical constituents of the content (e.g., the ...
Dissertation_EMC
... humanity continually amaze me – I’m lucky to have found you. I love you! To countless friends and family who have helped me as well – thank you! Lastly, I would like to thank Emily Stafford and Amanda Strickland for their help with statistical analyses, presentations, and work on manuscripts related ...
... humanity continually amaze me – I’m lucky to have found you. I love you! To countless friends and family who have helped me as well – thank you! Lastly, I would like to thank Emily Stafford and Amanda Strickland for their help with statistical analyses, presentations, and work on manuscripts related ...
Attitude, Inference, Association
... A far less trivial, but no less widely accepted claim is that implicit bias is, in an important sense, caused by some associative process/associative structure. The associative process/ structure is generally assumed but not discussed in any depth. Insofar as its meaning is analyzed, it is usually g ...
... A far less trivial, but no less widely accepted claim is that implicit bias is, in an important sense, caused by some associative process/associative structure. The associative process/ structure is generally assumed but not discussed in any depth. Insofar as its meaning is analyzed, it is usually g ...
Why Implicit Attitudes Are (Probably) not Beliefs
... to play in the fight against implicit prejudice, but its role might be relatively circumscribed: perhaps it can serve to draw people’s attention to their unnoticed biases and to motivate them to take steps to control or change them, but argumentation would not itself reduce these biases, or provide ...
... to play in the fight against implicit prejudice, but its role might be relatively circumscribed: perhaps it can serve to draw people’s attention to their unnoticed biases and to motivate them to take steps to control or change them, but argumentation would not itself reduce these biases, or provide ...
Brandon Robert Brace Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Christopher Leone
... is not consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). People may also reinterpret information so that it is consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). Finally, people may generate information consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). Generally sp ...
... is not consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). People may also reinterpret information so that it is consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). Finally, people may generate information consistent with what they already know (Tesser et al., 1995). Generally sp ...
PDF-1 - RUcore - Rutgers University
... comparative in nature and the questions asked in those studies fall within the realm of psychology and cognitive science: When do children begin to make mental state attributions about others? What other cognitive abilities assist in our ability to do so? Why are autistic individuals impaired in thi ...
... comparative in nature and the questions asked in those studies fall within the realm of psychology and cognitive science: When do children begin to make mental state attributions about others? What other cognitive abilities assist in our ability to do so? Why are autistic individuals impaired in thi ...
Attitude, Inference, Association: On the Propositional Structure
... 1981). As evidence for the latter, note that one can learn to associate propositions through classical or operant conditioning (see, e.g., De Houwer 2009 and citations therein). Merely having a behavior reinforced in traditional ways does not ensure that any associative structure will be acquired. T ...
... 1981). As evidence for the latter, note that one can learn to associate propositions through classical or operant conditioning (see, e.g., De Houwer 2009 and citations therein). Merely having a behavior reinforced in traditional ways does not ensure that any associative structure will be acquired. T ...
UKU TOOMING The Communicative Significance of Beliefs and
... Both beliefs and desires involve two components – an attitude part and a content part – and have satisfaction conditions. Beliefs are satisfied when they are true and desires are satisfied when they are fulfilled (Fodor 1985: 78). The difference between these two attitudes may also be expressed in t ...
... Both beliefs and desires involve two components – an attitude part and a content part – and have satisfaction conditions. Beliefs are satisfied when they are true and desires are satisfied when they are fulfilled (Fodor 1985: 78). The difference between these two attitudes may also be expressed in t ...
Self-Reliance in Millennials - Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita
... reaction to happiness—but does not make them any more of an individual. I believe Emerson would argue for the fact that the young adults in these videos are not finding true individuality, but are instead trying to be as well-included and accepted as possible by a broader society. Moreover, the argu ...
... reaction to happiness—but does not make them any more of an individual. I believe Emerson would argue for the fact that the young adults in these videos are not finding true individuality, but are instead trying to be as well-included and accepted as possible by a broader society. Moreover, the argu ...
Reid`s defense of common sense - Scholars Archive
... is sometimes misread as claiming that no defense could be given. Yet Reid does defend common sense. This paper explores how he does so. Before engaging Reid directly, however, I want to consider two other ways in which Reid is sometimes misread. First, Norman Daniels () reads Reid as follows: Re ...
... is sometimes misread as claiming that no defense could be given. Yet Reid does defend common sense. This paper explores how he does so. Before engaging Reid directly, however, I want to consider two other ways in which Reid is sometimes misread. First, Norman Daniels () reads Reid as follows: Re ...
Stereotypes - rci.rutgers.edu
... to the extent that they are inaccurate or inapplicable to a particular individual, they (like any erroneous belief) can lead us to go wrong. Social reality. The considerable evidence demonstrating at least some accuracy in stereotypes strongly suggests the importance of one potential source of stere ...
... to the extent that they are inaccurate or inapplicable to a particular individual, they (like any erroneous belief) can lead us to go wrong. Social reality. The considerable evidence demonstrating at least some accuracy in stereotypes strongly suggests the importance of one potential source of stere ...
Scepticism with regard to Reason* David Owen, University of
... It might seem that Hume’s argument is different from Descartes’s in the following way. Descartes thought that error in others, and in our past selves, gave us reason to wonder whether we might be making a mistake in demonstrative reasoning, or whether a certain (or all) demonstrative argument(s) mig ...
... It might seem that Hume’s argument is different from Descartes’s in the following way. Descartes thought that error in others, and in our past selves, gave us reason to wonder whether we might be making a mistake in demonstrative reasoning, or whether a certain (or all) demonstrative argument(s) mig ...
Carlo Penco Dipartimento di Filosofia Università di Genova via Balbi
... function of connecting general beliefs with contexts.11 Besides, it is easy to think of occasions in which we use an indexical only once. Therefore, even if it is always possible to use the indexical as anaphoric initiator, it is not necessary to do so (or at least we might say that it is necessary ...
... function of connecting general beliefs with contexts.11 Besides, it is easy to think of occasions in which we use an indexical only once. Therefore, even if it is always possible to use the indexical as anaphoric initiator, it is not necessary to do so (or at least we might say that it is necessary ...
Belief and Feeling: Evidence for an Accessibility Model
... nor retrieved. For example, one can remember the fact that riding a roller coaster involved a thrilling sense of free fall, but one cannot retrieve that (or any other) actual experience from the ride. Indeed, if one could truly store and replay the actual experience of riding a roller coaster, there ...
... nor retrieved. For example, one can remember the fact that riding a roller coaster involved a thrilling sense of free fall, but one cannot retrieve that (or any other) actual experience from the ride. Indeed, if one could truly store and replay the actual experience of riding a roller coaster, there ...
Forthcoming in Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 1996. HOW TO
... that between cognitive and non-cognitive discourse in general. In effect, the standard literature offers two possible answers to the question as to how this distinction is to be characterised. One view is that it is primarily a semantic distinction, to be defined in terms of possession of truth cond ...
... that between cognitive and non-cognitive discourse in general. In effect, the standard literature offers two possible answers to the question as to how this distinction is to be characterised. One view is that it is primarily a semantic distinction, to be defined in terms of possession of truth cond ...
Overcoming Psychological Barriers to Peace Making: The Influence
... the benefits of openness (Kruglanski, 2004).9 Hence, highlighting the costs of misperceptions or biased and distorted information processing may induce openness. In turn, when validity concerns are salient, people tend to rely on thorough information search and consider various alternative appraisal ...
... the benefits of openness (Kruglanski, 2004).9 Hence, highlighting the costs of misperceptions or biased and distorted information processing may induce openness. In turn, when validity concerns are salient, people tend to rely on thorough information search and consider various alternative appraisal ...
Opinions and attitudes in discourse comprehension.
... which does not hold when we use the 'propositional attitude' of belief. Apart from the many philosophical, logical and linguistic intricacies involved, a model of social cognition would need to operate on the basis of beliefs. Knowledge in that case consists of beliefs which are (i) assumed by the s ...
... which does not hold when we use the 'propositional attitude' of belief. Apart from the many philosophical, logical and linguistic intricacies involved, a model of social cognition would need to operate on the basis of beliefs. Knowledge in that case consists of beliefs which are (i) assumed by the s ...
Belief
Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case, with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty. In other words, belief is when someone thinks something is reality, true, when they have no absolute verified foundation for their certainty of the truth or realness of something. Another way of defining belief is, it is a mental representation of an attitude positively orientated towards the likelihood of something being true. In the context of Ancient Greek thought, two related concepts were identified with regards to the concept of belief: pistis and doxa. Simplified, we may say that pistis refers to trust and confidence, while doxa refers to opinion and acceptance. The English word doctrine is derived from doxa.