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... and motivations in those contexts (see Dweck, Chiu, & Hong, 1995, for review). Implicit theories of relationships (ITRs), as defined here, are characterized by a belief in romantic destiny and a belief in relationship growth. Destiny belief is defined as the belief that potential relationship partne ...
... and motivations in those contexts (see Dweck, Chiu, & Hong, 1995, for review). Implicit theories of relationships (ITRs), as defined here, are characterized by a belief in romantic destiny and a belief in relationship growth. Destiny belief is defined as the belief that potential relationship partne ...
Immigration from the perspective of hosts and immigrants: Roles of
... A person either has a certain attribute or they do not. Everyone is either a certain type of person or they are not. There are different ‘types’ of people and those ‘types’ can be easily defined and are relatively clear-cut. The kind of person someone is, is clearly defined, they either are a certai ...
... A person either has a certain attribute or they do not. Everyone is either a certain type of person or they are not. There are different ‘types’ of people and those ‘types’ can be easily defined and are relatively clear-cut. The kind of person someone is, is clearly defined, they either are a certai ...
Normative Ethics, Normative Epistemology, and Quine`s Holism
... anologous to the right to alter one's logic in response to certain sensory experiences arising from physical experiments. Here we see an analogy between Quine's permitting a recalcitrant experience to lead to the abandonment of a logical statement and my permitting the abandonment of a descriptive s ...
... anologous to the right to alter one's logic in response to certain sensory experiences arising from physical experiments. Here we see an analogy between Quine's permitting a recalcitrant experience to lead to the abandonment of a logical statement and my permitting the abandonment of a descriptive s ...
Free to punish: A motivated account of free will
... behaviors? As social beings with limited resources, humans face a fundamental adaptive challenge to suppress selfish behavior and promote group cooperation and coordination (Haidt & Kesebir, 2010; Henrich et al., 2006). Unfortunately, people often try to contribute less than their share or take more ...
... behaviors? As social beings with limited resources, humans face a fundamental adaptive challenge to suppress selfish behavior and promote group cooperation and coordination (Haidt & Kesebir, 2010; Henrich et al., 2006). Unfortunately, people often try to contribute less than their share or take more ...
Deductive Reasoning
... alternative views that deny this claim. One view is that humans do not possess a generalpurpose mechanism for deductive reasoning, but rather a different kind of generalpurpose reasoning mechanism, for example one devoted to probabilistic or explanatory reasoning. A different view is that humans lac ...
... alternative views that deny this claim. One view is that humans do not possess a generalpurpose mechanism for deductive reasoning, but rather a different kind of generalpurpose reasoning mechanism, for example one devoted to probabilistic or explanatory reasoning. A different view is that humans lac ...
Optimism, Effects on Relationships
... stressors and obstacles: Before actual support is even necessary, perceived support can lead an individual to appraise a situation as less stressful (because the individual expects that he or she will be able to draw on others’ help to cope with the stressor), lowering the demand for objective supp ...
... stressors and obstacles: Before actual support is even necessary, perceived support can lead an individual to appraise a situation as less stressful (because the individual expects that he or she will be able to draw on others’ help to cope with the stressor), lowering the demand for objective supp ...
The Evidence of the Senses
... The point of the disjunctive conception is that if one undergoes an experience that belongs on the ‘good’ side of the disjunction, that warrants one in believing—indeed presents one with an opportunity to know—that things are as the experience reveals them as being. When one’s perceptual faculties ‘ ...
... The point of the disjunctive conception is that if one undergoes an experience that belongs on the ‘good’ side of the disjunction, that warrants one in believing—indeed presents one with an opportunity to know—that things are as the experience reveals them as being. When one’s perceptual faculties ‘ ...
Evolutionary Theory and Morality: Why the Science Doesn`t Settle
... not an empirical phenomenon to be causally explained, or something that might be affected by magnets. To speak of morality in the normative sense is to speak of how we really ought to live, and this is what you’re doing when you say, as a committed moral agent, that morality prohibits bullying or ra ...
... not an empirical phenomenon to be causally explained, or something that might be affected by magnets. To speak of morality in the normative sense is to speak of how we really ought to live, and this is what you’re doing when you say, as a committed moral agent, that morality prohibits bullying or ra ...
Game Theory, Game Situations and Rational Expectations: A
... Cristina Bicchieri (1993) insightfully notes that the rational expectation hypothesis results from the conjunction of two logically independent assumptions regarding the epistemic rationality of the agents. The first (“strong subjective rational belief”) states that the agents use all the relevant i ...
... Cristina Bicchieri (1993) insightfully notes that the rational expectation hypothesis results from the conjunction of two logically independent assumptions regarding the epistemic rationality of the agents. The first (“strong subjective rational belief”) states that the agents use all the relevant i ...
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
... structures labeled schemas (Piaget & Warden 1926) played a central role in the development of depression and other disorders (Beck 1964, 1967). The emerging cognitive model was fully explicated and applied to other disorders, with the distinction between disorders based on differences in the content ...
... structures labeled schemas (Piaget & Warden 1926) played a central role in the development of depression and other disorders (Beck 1964, 1967). The emerging cognitive model was fully explicated and applied to other disorders, with the distinction between disorders based on differences in the content ...
Cohen paper, revised
... from moral justification, legal justification, and the like. ‘Justification’ is clear enough: to say that a belief is justified is to say that it has some positive normative status, but we need to know which domain or dimension of appraisal it scores positively on. Because Cohen’s opponent can’t an ...
... from moral justification, legal justification, and the like. ‘Justification’ is clear enough: to say that a belief is justified is to say that it has some positive normative status, but we need to know which domain or dimension of appraisal it scores positively on. Because Cohen’s opponent can’t an ...
Advances in Cognitive Theory and Therapy: The
... structures labeled schemas (Piaget & Warden 1926) played a central role in the development of depression and other disorders (Beck 1964, 1967). The emerging cognitive model was fully explicated and applied to other disorders, with the distinction between disorders based on differences in the content ...
... structures labeled schemas (Piaget & Warden 1926) played a central role in the development of depression and other disorders (Beck 1964, 1967). The emerging cognitive model was fully explicated and applied to other disorders, with the distinction between disorders based on differences in the content ...
INTELLECTUAL AUTONOMY
... ground of authority had significant consequences since the relation between the divine and human wills is quite different from the relation between the divine and human reason. Our reason is arguably a share in the divine reason, which is why a measure of self-governance for the ancients and medieva ...
... ground of authority had significant consequences since the relation between the divine and human wills is quite different from the relation between the divine and human reason. Our reason is arguably a share in the divine reason, which is why a measure of self-governance for the ancients and medieva ...
Analyzing Knowledge Management Systems: A
... The main question for VSE is thus, “which practices have a comparatively favorable impact on knowledge as contrasted with error and ignorance?” [6] (p.5). Once again, the rationale for taking up a veritistic perspective is that in everyday life a certain value is placed on having true beliefs rather ...
... The main question for VSE is thus, “which practices have a comparatively favorable impact on knowledge as contrasted with error and ignorance?” [6] (p.5). Once again, the rationale for taking up a veritistic perspective is that in everyday life a certain value is placed on having true beliefs rather ...
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
... after, the price of gas soars. He experiences dissonance every time he stops for gas. ...
... after, the price of gas soars. He experiences dissonance every time he stops for gas. ...
Paranoid Beliefs and Self-Criticism in Students
... which stimulate a search for meaning, and this process activates various paranoid beliefs and further stimulates a sense of threat. It is also possible that such experiences have more direct access to basic threat systems and it is the inner experience of threat that then generates paranoid-type exp ...
... which stimulate a search for meaning, and this process activates various paranoid beliefs and further stimulates a sense of threat. It is also possible that such experiences have more direct access to basic threat systems and it is the inner experience of threat that then generates paranoid-type exp ...
Towards an Epistemic Logic of Grounded Belief
... in the model M she is reasoning within. For the most part, logicians and computer-scientists like to hold that ideal knowers know at least all local validities (Halpern, 1999; Hintikka, 1962; Lenzen, 1978; Meyer and van der Hoek, 1995). Minimally, if an ideal knower only knew (φ → (ψ → φ)), ((φ → ( ...
... in the model M she is reasoning within. For the most part, logicians and computer-scientists like to hold that ideal knowers know at least all local validities (Halpern, 1999; Hintikka, 1962; Lenzen, 1978; Meyer and van der Hoek, 1995). Minimally, if an ideal knower only knew (φ → (ψ → φ)), ((φ → ( ...
Philosophy 165: Epistemology
... Is suddenly remembering that today is your birthday an occurrent belief? False: suddenly remembering that today is your birthday is actually a dispositional belief. You subconsciously knew that your birthday was today all year, whether or not you recognized it in the days prior. An occurent belief i ...
... Is suddenly remembering that today is your birthday an occurrent belief? False: suddenly remembering that today is your birthday is actually a dispositional belief. You subconsciously knew that your birthday was today all year, whether or not you recognized it in the days prior. An occurent belief i ...
Dialogue Games for Inconsistent and Biased Information
... [19], Beun [3] proposes a similar approach by identifying three structures that form a dialogue game which enable agents to communicate in a sensible way. That is, agents need to have a cognitive state to represent their world of interest, for example, the information that they believe to be the cas ...
... [19], Beun [3] proposes a similar approach by identifying three structures that form a dialogue game which enable agents to communicate in a sensible way. That is, agents need to have a cognitive state to represent their world of interest, for example, the information that they believe to be the cas ...
PDF - Postgraduate Journal of Aesthetics
... gods”.7 Nevertheless, there is evidence that these passages are to be taken as ironical and that the ‘inspiration theory’8 should be understood as critical of the rhapsode’s profession. In order to see what is wrong with inspiration according to Socrates, we must look at his account of inspiration i ...
... gods”.7 Nevertheless, there is evidence that these passages are to be taken as ironical and that the ‘inspiration theory’8 should be understood as critical of the rhapsode’s profession. In order to see what is wrong with inspiration according to Socrates, we must look at his account of inspiration i ...
1 "Plato on Akrasia and Knowing Your Own Mind" Section 1
... about what the lines of thought that we have explored may suggest about Plato's conception of rationality. Section 2: Issues Raised by Recent Work on Self-Knowledge So now let us turn to the worries to which our lack of awareness of our own minds might give rise. To begin, we are creatures that have ...
... about what the lines of thought that we have explored may suggest about Plato's conception of rationality. Section 2: Issues Raised by Recent Work on Self-Knowledge So now let us turn to the worries to which our lack of awareness of our own minds might give rise. To begin, we are creatures that have ...
Objective, Subjective and Intersubjective Selectors of Knowledge
... useless knowledge, on the other hand, only burdens the subject. Indeed, the capacity of a cognitive system is limited. Therefore, knowledge should also be easy to learn. Otherwise, the effort that went into understanding and memorizing a complicated theory would be lost for learning other ideas. The ...
... useless knowledge, on the other hand, only burdens the subject. Indeed, the capacity of a cognitive system is limited. Therefore, knowledge should also be easy to learn. Otherwise, the effort that went into understanding and memorizing a complicated theory would be lost for learning other ideas. The ...
page 113 THE AGM THEORY AND INCONSISTENT BELIEF
... beliefs from implicit beliefs which are derived from the explicit beliefs, or separating relevant beliefs from irrelevant beliefs. Based on this approach, several formal techniques have been developed in recent years to deal with inconsistent beliefs; for example, Chopra and Parikh (2000), Hansson a ...
... beliefs from implicit beliefs which are derived from the explicit beliefs, or separating relevant beliefs from irrelevant beliefs. Based on this approach, several formal techniques have been developed in recent years to deal with inconsistent beliefs; for example, Chopra and Parikh (2000), Hansson a ...
SI Hayakawa, Charles Sanders Peirce and the Scientific Method
... ourselves hermits, we shall necessarily influence each other’s opinions; so that the problem becomes how to fix belief, not in the individual merely, but in the community” (CP, vol.5, par.378). Nor, as Hayakawa points out, does this method help to make human agreement possible. Circumstances inevita ...
... ourselves hermits, we shall necessarily influence each other’s opinions; so that the problem becomes how to fix belief, not in the individual merely, but in the community” (CP, vol.5, par.378). Nor, as Hayakawa points out, does this method help to make human agreement possible. Circumstances inevita ...
Veritistic Social Epistemology
... only correspondence theories of truth endorse. To my mind, many epistemic, pragmatic, and relativist theories that Goldman explicitly excludes as unsatisfactory wouldn’t deny that the truth or falsity of a sentence is somehow related to how the world is. According to Goldman, the great pragmatist Wi ...
... only correspondence theories of truth endorse. To my mind, many epistemic, pragmatic, and relativist theories that Goldman explicitly excludes as unsatisfactory wouldn’t deny that the truth or falsity of a sentence is somehow related to how the world is. According to Goldman, the great pragmatist Wi ...
Belief
Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case, with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty. In other words, belief is when someone thinks something is reality, true, when they have no absolute verified foundation for their certainty of the truth or realness of something. Another way of defining belief is, it is a mental representation of an attitude positively orientated towards the likelihood of something being true. In the context of Ancient Greek thought, two related concepts were identified with regards to the concept of belief: pistis and doxa. Simplified, we may say that pistis refers to trust and confidence, while doxa refers to opinion and acceptance. The English word doctrine is derived from doxa.