global warming - Libertarian Alliance
... Greenhouse gases warm the lowest layers of the atmosphere by redirecting to the earth the sun’s radiation which would normally escape to space. The most common of these gases is water vapour and its concentration changes very little. But the concentration of CO2, as noted above, has varied widely th ...
... Greenhouse gases warm the lowest layers of the atmosphere by redirecting to the earth the sun’s radiation which would normally escape to space. The most common of these gases is water vapour and its concentration changes very little. But the concentration of CO2, as noted above, has varied widely th ...
it`s not the heat, it`s the tepidity
... Extrapolating curves is notoriously unreliable – even less reliable than extrapolating straight lines! But it does seem to fit the historical data reasonably well. The squared term empirically improves the fit and indeed leads to forecasts of accelerating warming. It predicts roughly twice the amoun ...
... Extrapolating curves is notoriously unreliable – even less reliable than extrapolating straight lines! But it does seem to fit the historical data reasonably well. The squared term empirically improves the fit and indeed leads to forecasts of accelerating warming. It predicts roughly twice the amoun ...
IPCC Factsheet: What is the IPCC?
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the international body for assessing the science related to climate change. The IPCC was set up in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide policymakers with regular assessme ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the international body for assessing the science related to climate change. The IPCC was set up in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide policymakers with regular assessme ...
medieval warm period in south america
... over the North Atlantic, leading to a latitudinal displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and a change in monsoon intensity (amount of rainfall upstream over the Amazon Basin)." And with their noting that the intensity of the SASM "today appears on par with conditions during the MCA," it ...
... over the North Atlantic, leading to a latitudinal displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and a change in monsoon intensity (amount of rainfall upstream over the Amazon Basin)." And with their noting that the intensity of the SASM "today appears on par with conditions during the MCA," it ...
WORLD EXTREME HEAT RECORDS
... have their data we show as missing) but that NOAA and NASA are making no efforts to go out and get it. This is a violation of the Data Quality Act. NOAA NCDC is obliged to retrieve and maintain the most complete global data base for processing, not try and make due with a data base full of holes. IN ...
... have their data we show as missing) but that NOAA and NASA are making no efforts to go out and get it. This is a violation of the Data Quality Act. NOAA NCDC is obliged to retrieve and maintain the most complete global data base for processing, not try and make due with a data base full of holes. IN ...
Here - Icecap
... have their data we show as missing) but that NOAA and NASA are making no efforts to go out and get it. This is a violation of the Data Quality Act. NOAA NCDC is obliged to retrieve and maintain the most complete global data base for processing, not try and make due with a data base full of holes. IN ...
... have their data we show as missing) but that NOAA and NASA are making no efforts to go out and get it. This is a violation of the Data Quality Act. NOAA NCDC is obliged to retrieve and maintain the most complete global data base for processing, not try and make due with a data base full of holes. IN ...
Analysis of winter and summer warming rates in
... than summers over the continental surfaces according to the IPCC database. The results using the 100 yr temperature record are similar to those using the 50 yr record, even though only 546 grid cells contain at least 90% available data for the period. The average warming rate for the globe from 1896 ...
... than summers over the continental surfaces according to the IPCC database. The results using the 100 yr temperature record are similar to those using the 50 yr record, even though only 546 grid cells contain at least 90% available data for the period. The average warming rate for the globe from 1896 ...
Changing US Extreme Temperature Statistics
... The “low index” λ(t) is defined analogously, replacing < with > in the temperature test of Eq. 4 and letting T denote the minimum temperature rather than the maximum. Even when there are gaps, our metric utilizes the information contained in all extant data because the likehood, in the null hypothes ...
... The “low index” λ(t) is defined analogously, replacing < with > in the temperature test of Eq. 4 and letting T denote the minimum temperature rather than the maximum. Even when there are gaps, our metric utilizes the information contained in all extant data because the likehood, in the null hypothes ...
The Wegman report
... Recommendation 1. Especially when massive amounts of public monies and human lives are at stake, academic work should have a more intense level of scrutiny and review. It is especially the case that authors of policy-related documents like the IPCC report, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, ...
... Recommendation 1. Especially when massive amounts of public monies and human lives are at stake, academic work should have a more intense level of scrutiny and review. It is especially the case that authors of policy-related documents like the IPCC report, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, ...
Inadequacies and criticisms of the Intergovernmental Panel on
... The IPCC has provided nothing of the sort, but rather has a predisposition towards that conclusion built into its terms of reference. Indeed, despite the overwhelming public assumption regarding human causation, in its most recent report the IPCC stated (2001, p. 97) that: "The fact that the global ...
... The IPCC has provided nothing of the sort, but rather has a predisposition towards that conclusion built into its terms of reference. Indeed, despite the overwhelming public assumption regarding human causation, in its most recent report the IPCC stated (2001, p. 97) that: "The fact that the global ...
Global Warming — Scientific Facts, Problems and
... unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
... unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
reef temperature wrangler for south florida national parks
... Additional goals are 1) to develop R code to automate interpolation for filling small gaps that have occurred in the long term temperature records and 2) then conduct a trend analysis to see if there are differences across sites, parks and compare to regional drivers such as the Atlantic Multi-Decad ...
... Additional goals are 1) to develop R code to automate interpolation for filling small gaps that have occurred in the long term temperature records and 2) then conduct a trend analysis to see if there are differences across sites, parks and compare to regional drivers such as the Atlantic Multi-Decad ...
K-12 Partnership Lesson Plan
... average of daily weather over long periods of time (e.g., 30 or more years); therefore, when we discuss climate change, we need long-term datasets. Earth’s temperature is regulated by the greenhouse effect: gasses in the atmosphere (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozon ...
... average of daily weather over long periods of time (e.g., 30 or more years); therefore, when we discuss climate change, we need long-term datasets. Earth’s temperature is regulated by the greenhouse effect: gasses in the atmosphere (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozon ...
IPCC launches complete Synthesis Report
... agreement in the scientific community, where there are differences, and where further research is needed. Thus the IPCC offers policymakers a snapshot of what the scientific community understands about climate change rather than promoting a particular view. IPCC reports are policy-relevant without b ...
... agreement in the scientific community, where there are differences, and where further research is needed. Thus the IPCC offers policymakers a snapshot of what the scientific community understands about climate change rather than promoting a particular view. IPCC reports are policy-relevant without b ...
Climate Change - Cloudfront.net
... Surface temperatures for Earth are most reliably known for the period 1850 to present. This is the time for which there has been reasonable global coverage of stations measuring temperature in a systematic manner. The records show that since 1850, global average temperature increased by about 0.8°C, ...
... Surface temperatures for Earth are most reliably known for the period 1850 to present. This is the time for which there has been reasonable global coverage of stations measuring temperature in a systematic manner. The records show that since 1850, global average temperature increased by about 0.8°C, ...
African crops yield another catastrophe for the IPCC
... he wrote. The nearest any got to providing evidence for his claim was one for the Moroccan government, which said that in serious drought years, cereal yields might be reduced by 50 per cent. The report for the Algerian government, on the other hand, predicted that, on current projections, "agricult ...
... he wrote. The nearest any got to providing evidence for his claim was one for the Moroccan government, which said that in serious drought years, cereal yields might be reduced by 50 per cent. The report for the Algerian government, on the other hand, predicted that, on current projections, "agricult ...
Rahmstorf2012-ComparingClimateProjections-to-Obse+
... activity and total solar irradiance data for solar variability (optical thickness data for the year 2011 were not yet available, but since no major volcanic eruption occurred in 2011 we assumed zero volcanic forcing). These contributions were computed separately for each of the five available global ...
... activity and total solar irradiance data for solar variability (optical thickness data for the year 2011 were not yet available, but since no major volcanic eruption occurred in 2011 we assumed zero volcanic forcing). These contributions were computed separately for each of the five available global ...
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
... The 1995 IPCC Second Assessment Report [SAR] contributed crucially to the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. The Kyoto Protocol, which mandates reduced emissions of greenhouse gases, came into force in February 2005, despite the refusal of the United States to rati ...
... The 1995 IPCC Second Assessment Report [SAR] contributed crucially to the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. The Kyoto Protocol, which mandates reduced emissions of greenhouse gases, came into force in February 2005, despite the refusal of the United States to rati ...
A Global Warming: Correcting the Data Surface temperatures are rising, but probably
... surface processes, and economically determined effects. The climate and geography-based models are quite simple and come in different versions. We specified a number of climate variables, the most important and obvious one being the satellite-measured temperature over the same ipcc surfacemeasured g ...
... surface processes, and economically determined effects. The climate and geography-based models are quite simple and come in different versions. We specified a number of climate variables, the most important and obvious one being the satellite-measured temperature over the same ipcc surfacemeasured g ...
January 17, 2005
... very busy 2004 Atlantic hurricane season as being caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas warming occurring today. Listening to and reading transcripts of this press conference and media interviews, it is apparent that Dr. Trenberth was being accurately quoted and summarized in such statements and wa ...
... very busy 2004 Atlantic hurricane season as being caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas warming occurring today. Listening to and reading transcripts of this press conference and media interviews, it is apparent that Dr. Trenberth was being accurately quoted and summarized in such statements and wa ...
the intergovernmental panel on climate change assessment process
... partnership between scientists and governments, the IPCC has also raised the level of scientific debate and influenced the science agendas of many nations. Notwithstanding these positive comments, the IAC review committee was critical of many of the IPCC’s processes and made a number of recommendati ...
... partnership between scientists and governments, the IPCC has also raised the level of scientific debate and influenced the science agendas of many nations. Notwithstanding these positive comments, the IAC review committee was critical of many of the IPCC’s processes and made a number of recommendati ...
Climate change deniers - Lorain
... carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions causing the temperature to rise due to the combined Green House Gas and Climate Positive Feedback theories discussed in my last column. If it can be shown that a similar or greater warming occurred in the recent past without human CO2 emissions, then something else mus ...
... carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions causing the temperature to rise due to the combined Green House Gas and Climate Positive Feedback theories discussed in my last column. If it can be shown that a similar or greater warming occurred in the recent past without human CO2 emissions, then something else mus ...
Hockey stick controversy
In the hockey stick controversy, the data and methods used in reconstructions of the temperature record of the past 1000 years have been disputed. Reconstructions have consistently shown that the rise in the instrumental temperature record of the past 150 years is not matched in earlier centuries, and the name ""hockey stick graph"" was coined for figures showing a long-term decline followed by an abrupt rise in temperatures. These graphs were publicised to explain the scientific findings of climatology, and in addition to scientific debate over the reconstructions, they have been the topic of political dispute. The issue is part of the global warming controversy and has been one focus of political responses to reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Arguments over the reconstructions have been taken up by fossil fuel industry funded lobbying groups attempting to cast doubt on climate science.The use of proxy indicators to get quantitative estimates of the temperature record of past centuries was developed from the 1990s onwards, and found indications that recent warming was exceptional. The Bradley & Jones 1993 reconstruction introduced the ""Composite Plus Scaling"" (CPS) method used by most later large-scale reconstructions, and its findings were disputed by Pat Michaels at the United States House Committee on Science.In 1998 Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes developed new statistical techniques to produce Mann, Bradley & Hughes 1998 (MBH98), the first eigenvector-based climate field reconstruction (CFR). This showed global patterns of annual surface temperature, and included a graph of average hemispheric temperatures back to 1400. In Mann, Bradley & Hughes 1999 (MBH99) the methodology was extended back to 1000. The term hockey stick was coined by the climatologist Jerry Mahlman, to describe the pattern this showed, envisaging a graph that is relatively flat to 1900 as forming an Ice hockey stick's ""shaft"", followed by a sharp increase corresponding to the ""blade"".A version of this graph was featured prominently in the 2001 IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), along with four other reconstructions supporting the same conclusion. The graph was publicised, and became a focus of dispute for those opposed to the strengthening scientific consensus that late 20th century warmth was exceptional.Those disputing the graph included Pat Michaels, the George C. Marshall Institute and Fred Singer. A paper by Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas claiming greater medieval warmth was used by the Bush administration chief of staff Philip Cooney to justify altering the first Environmental Protection Agency Report on the Environment. The paper was quickly dismissed by scientists in the Soon and Baliunas controversy, but on July 28, Republican Jim Inhofe spoke in the Senate citing it to claim ""that man-made global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people"".Later in 2003, a paper by Stephen McIntyre and Ross McKitrick disputing the data used in MBH98 paper was publicised by the George C. Marshall Institute and the Competitive Enterprise Institute. In 2004 Hans von Storch published criticism of the statistical techniques as tending to underplay variations in earlier parts of the graph, though this was disputed and he later accepted that the effect was very small. In 2005 McIntyre and McKitrick published criticisms of the principal components analysis methodology as used in MBH98 and MBH99. The analysis therein was subsequently disputed by published papers including Huybers 2005 and Wahl & Ammann 2007 which pointed to errors in the McIntyre and McKitrick methodology. In June 2005 Rep. Joe Barton launched what Sherwood Boehlert, chairman of the House Science Committee, called a ""misguided and illegitimate investigation"" into the data, methods and personal information of Mann, Bradley and Hughes. At Boehlert's request a panel of scientists convened by the National Research Council was set up, which reported in 2006 supporting Mann's findings with some qualifications, including agreeing that there were some statistical failings but these had little effect on the result. Barton and U.S. Rep. Ed Whitfield requested Edward Wegman to set up a team of statisticians to investigate, and they supported McIntyre and McKitrick's view that there were statistical failings, although they did not quantify whether there was any significant effect. They also produced an extensive network analysis which has been discredited by expert opinion and found to have issues of plagiarism. Arguments against the MBH studies were reintroduced as part of the Climatic Research Unit email controversy, but dismissed by eight independent investigations.More than two dozen reconstructions, using various statistical methods and combinations of proxy records, have supported the broad consensus shown in the original 1998 hockey-stick graph, with variations in how flat the pre-20th century ""shaft"" appears. The 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report cited 14 reconstructions, 10 of which covered 1,000 years or longer, to support its strengthened conclusion that it was likely that Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the 20th century were the highest in at least the past 1,300 years. Over a dozen subsequent reconstructions, including Mann et al. 2008 and PAGES 2k Consortium 2013, have supported these general conclusions.