Comparison of Birkeland current observations during two magnetic
... (IMF) was southward and stable for prolonged periods of time but for which the sign of the IMF By was opposite. The IMF during these intervals was stable in direction to within ±25◦ of the average direction for at least ten hours. The simulations were driven by solar wind (McComas et al., 1998) and ...
... (IMF) was southward and stable for prolonged periods of time but for which the sign of the IMF By was opposite. The IMF during these intervals was stable in direction to within ±25◦ of the average direction for at least ten hours. The simulations were driven by solar wind (McComas et al., 1998) and ...
Electron properties of the substituted cerium compounds
... orbitals together with the influence of crystal electric field (CEF) stay behind the physical properties as magnetic ordering at very low temperatures, valence fluctuations, heavy-fermion behavior or unconventional superconductivity. Another highly interesting phenomenon was found in several Ce-base ...
... orbitals together with the influence of crystal electric field (CEF) stay behind the physical properties as magnetic ordering at very low temperatures, valence fluctuations, heavy-fermion behavior or unconventional superconductivity. Another highly interesting phenomenon was found in several Ce-base ...
FIRST MIDTERM - REVIEW PROBLEMS
... W e have calculated that the field of an electric dipole for points on the axis of the dipole is given by |E| = (1/4 Bgo)(2qa/x 3), where 2a is the distance between the two charges q, and here the dipole is aligned along the x axis. An electric quadrupole can be treated as two dipoles, head to head, ...
... W e have calculated that the field of an electric dipole for points on the axis of the dipole is given by |E| = (1/4 Bgo)(2qa/x 3), where 2a is the distance between the two charges q, and here the dipole is aligned along the x axis. An electric quadrupole can be treated as two dipoles, head to head, ...
Local-field effects in nanostructured photonic materials
... applications, and there is always a need for a material that has optical properties superior to existing ones. Controlling the optical properties of photonic materials is thus a subject of great importance. There are many different approaches one can take to manipulate the optical properties of phot ...
... applications, and there is always a need for a material that has optical properties superior to existing ones. Controlling the optical properties of photonic materials is thus a subject of great importance. There are many different approaches one can take to manipulate the optical properties of phot ...
Static and Dynamic irreversible magnetic
... crossed columnar defects - (left) magnetic field is directed along θ =45o; (right) magnetic field is along θ =0. .................................................................................. 71 Figure 31. Optical photography of the 11 elements Hall-probe array (courtesy of E. Zeldov) 77 Figure ...
... crossed columnar defects - (left) magnetic field is directed along θ =45o; (right) magnetic field is along θ =0. .................................................................................. 71 Figure 31. Optical photography of the 11 elements Hall-probe array (courtesy of E. Zeldov) 77 Figure ...
Physics - PHY
... Offered: spring. PHY 224 General Physics for Physical Science Majors II 3 Credits Calculus-based general physics. Electricity and magnetism,geometrical and physical optics. Prerequisite: minimum grade of C- in PHY 223. Corequisite: PHY 224L. Offered: fall. PHY 224L General Physics for Physical Scien ...
... Offered: spring. PHY 224 General Physics for Physical Science Majors II 3 Credits Calculus-based general physics. Electricity and magnetism,geometrical and physical optics. Prerequisite: minimum grade of C- in PHY 223. Corequisite: PHY 224L. Offered: fall. PHY 224L General Physics for Physical Scien ...
Higher Order Frequency-Domain Computational Electromagnetics , Senior Member, IEEE
... An alternative which can greatly reduce the number of unknowns for a given problem and enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the CEM analysis in different IE, DE, and hybrid formulations is the higher order (also known as the large-domain or entire-domain) computational approach. This approach util ...
... An alternative which can greatly reduce the number of unknowns for a given problem and enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the CEM analysis in different IE, DE, and hybrid formulations is the higher order (also known as the large-domain or entire-domain) computational approach. This approach util ...
"Conventions, Symbols, Quantities, Units and Constants for High
... Deprecated usage must be avoided completely. Also, internal laboratory jargon, while acceptable within a local environment, must be avoided. Units and terminology, which can lead to misinterpretation and ambiguities must be avoided, even if frequently used within certain restricted communities of sc ...
... Deprecated usage must be avoided completely. Also, internal laboratory jargon, while acceptable within a local environment, must be avoided. Units and terminology, which can lead to misinterpretation and ambiguities must be avoided, even if frequently used within certain restricted communities of sc ...
Creation of ultra cold rubidium atoms for sympathetic cooling of
... First attempts to create a gaseous BEC with spin-polarized hydrogen by cryogenic cooling failed in 1984 because of the high realized densities which leaded to great particle losses due to three-body collisions [Hes84]. Nevertheless these experiments continued for more than ten years. Although dating ...
... First attempts to create a gaseous BEC with spin-polarized hydrogen by cryogenic cooling failed in 1984 because of the high realized densities which leaded to great particle losses due to three-body collisions [Hes84]. Nevertheless these experiments continued for more than ten years. Although dating ...
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism is a branch of physics which involves the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles. The electromagnetic force usually shows electromagnetic fields, such as electric fields, magnetic fields, and light. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental interactions in nature. The other three fundamental interactions are the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation.The word electromagnetism is a compound form of two Greek terms, ἤλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"", and μαγνῆτις λίθος magnētis lithos, which means ""magnesian stone"", a type of iron ore. The science of electromagnetic phenomena is defined in terms of the electromagnetic force, sometimes called the Lorentz force, which includes both electricity and magnetism as elements of one phenomenon.The electromagnetic force plays a major role in determining the internal properties of most objects encountered in daily life. Ordinary matter takes its form as a result of intermolecular forces between individual molecules in matter. Electrons are bound by electromagnetic wave mechanics into orbitals around atomic nuclei to form atoms, which are the building blocks of molecules. This governs the processes involved in chemistry, which arise from interactions between the electrons of neighboring atoms, which are in turn determined by the interaction between electromagnetic force and the momentum of the electrons.There are numerous mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field. In classical electrodynamics, electric fields are described as electric potential and electric current in Ohm's law, magnetic fields are associated with electromagnetic induction and magnetism, and Maxwell's equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents.The theoretical implications of electromagnetism, in particular the establishment of the speed of light based on properties of the ""medium"" of propagation (permeability and permittivity), led to the development of special relativity by Albert Einstein in 1905.Although electromagnetism is considered one of the four fundamental forces, at high energy the weak force and electromagnetism are unified. In the history of the universe, during the quark epoch, the electroweak force split into the electromagnetic and weak forces.